Where We Stand-8th Edition – East-West Gateway Council of Governments (EWGCOG)

The Strategic Assessment of the St. Louis Region

The Where We Stand (WWS) series produced by East-West Gateway (EWG) has provided comparisons of the St. Louis region with other large metropolitan areas since 1992. WWS ranks St. Louis among the 50 most populous Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the United States (the peer regions) on a broad range of topics important to the region.

In November of 2018, EWG published the eighth edition of WWS coupled with an expanded webpage. Explore this webpage to find more on where St. Louis stands among its peer metropolitan regions. Email us at wws@ewgateway.org with feedback, questions, or to subscribe to our email list.

Note: Acrobat Reader is required to view many of the files on this page.

Where We Stand – 8th Edition

The eighth edition focuses on three topic areas that are strategic priorities for EWG and regional partners. In May of 2018, the EWG Board of Directors along with representative from the business and non-profit sectors affirmed that economic development, workforce development, and public safety are three areas that require a regional collaborative effort. The 130 metrics in this edition pertain to these focus areas. An introductory chapter on demographics is also included to provide an overview of the population of St. Louis and the peer regions.

Where We Stand Updates, White Papers, and Technical Reports

EWG staff produces several types of reports that complement the main publication. Where We Stand Updates, White Papers, and Technical Reports are periodically released to update St. Louis’ standing based on new data, provide further insight on a specific topic, or provide more detail on methodologies used in the calculations for Where We Stand reports.

8th Edition Updates

8th Edition White Papers

White Paper 1 - Wage StructureWhite Paper 1 - Wage Structure (removed for review)
White Paper 2 - School Resources
White Paper 3 - School Quality
White Paper 4 - Update 10: 2020 Decennial Census: Population, Race, and Ethnicity, January 2022

8th Edition Technical Reports

7th Edition Updates

Where We Stand Data

WWS tables that appear in the eighth edition of WWS as well as tables included in previous editions are grouped here by topic areas. EWG will update these tables on a periodic basis. If you are interested in updated data for a Where We Stand table that you viewed previously, please contact us at wws@ewgateway.org.

Demographics

Shifts in demographics pose challenges to the St. Louis region as well as opportunities. This section provides data on the region’s population change, an aging population, the growing immigrant population, the proportion of the population with disabilities, and the composition of households. See page 1 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Population
Race and Ethnicity
Age
Persons with Disabilities
Households

St. Louis has been experiencing slow population growth, but the most recent estimates show a small decline in the MSA population. Both domestic migration and natural change contribute to the decrease. International migration has continued to increase in recent years. St. Louis has a relatively high proportion of adults who have served in the military.See Where We Stand 8th Edition Update 9 for the most recent detailed discussion on the region’s population.

Population
2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
United States		334,914,895
1	New York	19,498,249
2	Los Angeles	12,799,100
3	Chicago	9,262,825
4	Dallas	8,100,037
5	Houston	7,510,253
6	Atlanta	6,307,261
7	Washington, D.C.	6,304,975
8	Philadelphia	6,246,160
9	Miami	6,183,199
10	Phoenix	5,070,110
11	Boston	4,919,179
12	Riverside	4,688,053
13	San Francisco	4,566,961
14	Detroit	4,342,304
15	Seattle	4,044,837
16	Minneapolis	3,712,020
17	Tampa	3,342,963
18	San Diego	3,269,973
19	Denver	3,005,131
20	Baltimore	2,834,316
21	Orlando	2,817,933
22	Charlotte	2,805,115
23	St. Louis	2,796,999
24	San Antonio	2,703,999
25	Portland	2,508,050
26	Austin	2,473,275
27	Pittsburgh	2,422,725
28	Sacramento	2,420,608
29	Las Vegas	2,336,573
30	Cincinnati	2,271,479
31	Kansas City	2,221,343
32	Columbus	2,180,271
33	Cleveland	2,158,932
34	Indianapolis	2,138,468
35	Nashville	2,102,573
36	San Jose	1,945,767
37	Virginia Beach	1,787,169
38	Jacksonville	1,713,240
39	Providence	1,677,803
40	Milwaukee	1,560,424
41	Raleigh	1,509,231
42	Oklahoma City	1,477,926
43	Louisville	1,365,557
44	Richmond	1,349,732
45	Memphis	1,335,674
46	Salt Lake City	1,267,864
47	Birmingham	1,184,290
48	Buffalo	1,155,604
49	Hartford	1,151,543
50	New Orleans	962,165

Population Change
Percent change, 2013-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Austin	31.3
2	Raleigh	24.3
3	Orlando	24.1
4	Jacksonville	22.9
5	Nashville	21.1
6	Dallas	19.9
7	Charlotte	18.9
8	Houston	18.7
9	San Antonio	18.6
10	Tampa	16.0
11	Las Vegas	15.8
12	Phoenix	15.1
13	Atlanta	14.8
14	Seattle	11.9
15	Oklahoma City	11.9
16	Indianapolis	11.6
17	Denver	11.2
18	Salt Lake City	11.2
19	Columbus	10.4
20	Richmond	10.4
21	Sacramento	9.5
22	Portland	8.5
23	Kansas City	8.1
24	Minneapolis	7.9
25	Washington, D.C.	7.5
26	Riverside	7.3
27	Miami	6.2
United States		6.0
28	Cincinnati	5.4
29	Boston	4.6
30	Louisville	4.5
31	Providence	4.3
32	Virginia Beach	4.2
33	Birmingham	4.0
34	Philadelphia	3.6
35	Baltimore	2.4
36	San Diego	1.8
37	Buffalo	1.8
38	New York	1.7
39	San Jose	1.2
40	San Francisco	1.0
41	Detroit	0.8
42	Memphis	0.2
43	St. Louis	-0.1
44	Cleveland	-0.4
45	Milwaukee	-0.7
46	Pittsburgh	-1.1
47	Chicago	-1.3
48	Los Angeles	-2.2
49	New Orleans	-3.6

Population Change
Percent change, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	2.2
2	Austin	2.1
3	Orlando	2.0
4	Raleigh	2.0
5	Dallas	1.9
6	Houston	1.9
7	Charlotte	1.8
8	San Antonio	1.8
9	Tampa	1.6
10	Nashville	1.5
11	Oklahoma City	1.2
12	Atlanta	1.1
13	Phoenix	1.0
14	Richmond	0.9
15	Columbus	0.8
16	Indianapolis	0.8
17	Miami	0.7
18	Denver	0.6
19	Washington, D.C.	0.6
20	Las Vegas	0.6
21	Cincinnati	0.6
22	Kansas City	0.6
23	Minneapolis	0.6
United States		0.5
24	Riverside	0.4
25	Boston	0.3
26	Louisville	0.3
27	Seattle	0.3
28	Hartford	0.3
29	Birmingham	0.3
30	Providence	0.3
31	Sacramento	0.1
32	Salt Lake City	0.1
33	Virginia Beach	0.1
34	Milwaukee	0.1
35	Philadelphia	0.1
36	San Jose	-0.0
37	Baltimore	-0.0
38	Portland	-0.0
39	Cleveland	-0.1
40	St. Louis	-0.1
41	Detroit	-0.1
42	Chicago	-0.2
43	San Diego	-0.2
44	Memphis	-0.2
45	San Francisco	-0.2
46	Buffalo	-0.3
47	New York	-0.3
48	Pittsburgh	-0.4
49	Los Angeles	-0.6
50	New Orleans	-1.2

Natural Change
Births minus deaths as a percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Austin	0.7
2	Houston	0.6
3	Dallas	0.6
4	Salt Lake City	0.6
5	Raleigh	0.5
6	Washington, D.C.	0.5
7	San Antonio	0.4
8	San Jose	0.4
9	Atlanta	0.4
10	Denver	0.4
11	Minneapolis	0.4
12	San Diego	0.4
13	Nashville	0.4
14	Charlotte	0.4
15	Columbus	0.4
16	New York	0.4
17	Seattle	0.3
18	Riverside	0.3
19	Indianapolis	0.3
20	Oklahoma City	0.3
21	Orlando	0.3
22	San Francisco	0.3
23	Phoenix	0.3
24	Kansas City	0.3
25	Los Angeles	0.2
26	Virginia Beach	0.2
27	Chicago	0.2
28	Las Vegas	0.2
29	New Orleans	0.2
30	Boston	0.2
31	Cincinnati	0.2
32	Baltimore	0.2
33	Sacramento	0.2
34	Memphis	0.2
35	Miami	0.2
36	Jacksonville	0.2
37	Philadelphia	0.2
United States		0.2
38	Richmond	0.1
39	Milwaukee	0.1
40	Portland	0.1
41	Louisville	0.1
42	Birmingham	0.0
43	Detroit	0.0
44	Hartford	-0.0
45	St. Louis	-0.1
46	Providence	-0.1
47	Buffalo	-0.1
48	Tampa	-0.1
49	Cleveland	-0.1
50	Pittsburgh	-0.3

Net Migration
Percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	2.0
2	Orlando	1.7
3	Tampa	1.7
4	Charlotte	1.5
5	Raleigh	1.4
6	Austin	1.4
7	San Antonio	1.4
8	Dallas	1.3
9	Houston	1.3
10	Nashville	1.2
11	Oklahoma City	0.9
12	Richmond	0.7
13	Phoenix	0.7
14	Atlanta	0.7
15	Miami	0.5
16	Indianapolis	0.5
17	Columbus	0.5
18	Las Vegas	0.4
19	Cincinnati	0.4
United States		0.3
20	Providence	0.3
21	Kansas City	0.3
22	Hartford	0.3
23	Birmingham	0.3
24	Louisville	0.3
25	Denver	0.2
26	Minneapolis	0.2
27	Boston	0.1
28	Washington, D.C.	0.1
29	Riverside	0.1
30	Cleveland	0.0
31	Seattle	-0.0
32	Milwaukee	-0.0
33	Sacramento	-0.0
34	St. Louis	-0.1
35	Pittsburgh	-0.1
36	Philadelphia	-0.1
37	Virginia Beach	-0.1
38	Portland	-0.2
39	Detroit	-0.2
40	Buffalo	-0.2
41	Baltimore	-0.2
42	Chicago	-0.4
43	Memphis	-0.4
44	San Jose	-0.4
45	San Francisco	-0.5
46	Salt Lake City	-0.5
47	San Diego	-0.6
48	New York	-0.7
49	Los Angeles	-0.8
50	New Orleans	-1.4

Net International Migration
Percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Miami	1.5
2	Orlando	1.1
3	San Jose	1.0
4	Boston	0.8
5	Washington, D.C.	0.8
6	Houston	0.7
7	San Francisco	0.7
8	Seattle	0.6
9	Tampa	0.6
10	New York	0.5
11	Dallas	0.5
12	Columbus	0.5
13	Salt Lake City	0.5
14	Providence	0.5
15	Austin	0.5
16	Sacramento	0.4
17	Los Angeles	0.4
18	Hartford	0.4
19	Charlotte	0.4
20	Indianapolis	0.4
21	Jacksonville	0.4
22	New Orleans	0.4
23	Raleigh	0.4
24	Atlanta	0.4
25	Chicago	0.4
United States		0.3
26	Nashville	0.3
27	Milwaukee	0.3
28	San Diego	0.3
29	Baltimore	0.3
30	Phoenix	0.3
31	Detroit	0.3
32	Cincinnati	0.3
33	Minneapolis	0.3
34	Louisville	0.3
35	Denver	0.3
36	Philadelphia	0.3
37	Richmond	0.2
38	Oklahoma City	0.2
39	San Antonio	0.2
40	Cleveland	0.2
41	Memphis	0.2
42	Buffalo	0.2
43	Virginia Beach	0.2
44	Kansas City	0.2
45	Las Vegas	0.2
46	Portland	0.2
47	Riverside	0.1
48	St. Louis	0.1
49	Pittsburgh	0.1
50	Birmingham	0.1

Net Domestic Migration
Percent of 2022 population, 2022-2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	1.6
2	San Antonio	1.1
3	Tampa	1.1
4	Charlotte	1.1
5	Raleigh	1.0
6	Austin	0.9
7	Nashville	0.8
8	Dallas	0.8
9	Oklahoma City	0.7
10	Orlando	0.6
11	Houston	0.5
12	Richmond	0.5
13	Phoenix	0.4
14	Atlanta	0.3
15	Las Vegas	0.2
16	Birmingham	0.2
17	Kansas City	0.1
18	Indianapolis	0.1
19	Cincinnati	0.1
20	Columbus	-0.0
21	Louisville	-0.0
22	Denver	-0.0
23	Riverside	-0.1
24	Hartford	-0.1
25	Minneapolis	-0.1
26	Providence	-0.2
27	Cleveland	-0.2
28	Pittsburgh	-0.2
29	St. Louis	-0.2
30	Virginia Beach	-0.3
Peer Average		-0.3
31	Portland	-0.3
32	Philadelphia	-0.4
33	Milwaukee	-0.4
34	Buffalo	-0.4
35	Sacramento	-0.5
36	Detroit	-0.5
37	Baltimore	-0.5
38	Memphis	-0.6
39	Seattle	-0.6
40	Washington, D.C.	-0.7
41	Boston	-0.7
42	Chicago	-0.8
43	San Diego	-0.9
44	Salt Lake City	-1.0
45	Miami	-1.0
46	San Francisco	-1.2
47	Los Angeles	-1.2
48	New York	-1.2
49	San Jose	-1.5
50	New Orleans	-1.7

Veterans
Percent of adults aged 18 and older who served in the military, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B21001)
1	Virginia Beach	14.3
2	Jacksonville	10.6
3	San Antonio	10.1
4	Las Vegas	8.2
5	Oklahoma City	8.1
6	Tampa	8.0
7	Richmond	7.4
8	Washington, D.C.	7.3
9	San Diego	7.3
10	Phoenix	7.0
11	Kansas City	6.9
12	St. Louis	6.9
13	Baltimore	6.7
14	Pittsburgh	6.6
15	Louisville	6.5
16	Seattle	6.5
17	Portland	6.4
18	Atlanta	6.3
19	Denver	6.2
United States		6.2
20	Memphis	6.2
21	Cleveland	6.2
22	Orlando	6.1
23	Charlotte	6.1
24	Columbus	6.0
25	Birmingham	6.0
26	Nashville	6.0
27	Sacramento	6.0
28	Indianapolis	5.9
29	New Orleans	5.9
30	Buffalo	5.9
31	Cincinnati	5.8
32	Austin	5.8
33	Raleigh	5.8
34	Dallas	5.3
35	Minneapolis	5.2
36	Riverside	5.2
37	Providence	5.1
38	Detroit	5.1
39	Philadelphia	5.1
40	Houston	4.9
41	Hartford	4.7
42	Milwaukee	4.6
43	Salt Lake City	4.2
44	Boston	4.0
45	Chicago	3.9
46	Miami	3.6
47	San Francisco	3.3
48	Los Angeles	2.7
49	New York	2.7
50	San Jose	2.6

The racial and ethnic categories presented in the following tables are mutually exclusive. These categories are White (not Hispanic or Latino), Black (not Hispanic or Latino), Asian (not Hispanic or Latino), multiracial (not Hispanic or Latino), other races (not Hispanic or Latino), and Hispanic and Latino. The White, Black, and Asian categories represent people who identify with only one race (i.e., White Alone, Black Alone, or Asian Alone). The “other races” population includes three Census categories, all not Hispanic or Latino: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, American Indian and Alaska Native, and the “some other race” group. The multiracial category includes people who identify as one or more race, but includes only people who do not identify as Hispanic or Latino. The Hispanic and Latino category includes all people who identity with this ethnicity category. They can also identify as one or more of the race categories. EWG recognizes that these six tables do not fully capture the diversity of the U.S. population. These broad tables provide an indication of the racial and ethnic makeup of the most populous U.S. metropolitan regions.

White Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Pittsburgh	82.7
2	Cincinnati	76.6
3	Buffalo	74.2
4	Louisville	72.5
5	Minneapolis	71.7
6	St. Louis	71.0
7	Providence	70.9
8	Kansas City	69.9
9	Nashville	69.8
10	Portland	68.9
11	Columbus	68.6
12	Indianapolis	68.5
13	Salt Lake City	68.4
14	Cleveland	67.5
15	Boston	65.7
16	Milwaukee	64.2
17	Detroit	63.8
18	Hartford	62.4
19	Oklahoma City	61.2
20	Denver	61.1
21	Birmingham	60.5
22	Jacksonville	59.5
23	Philadelphia	58.6
24	Tampa	58.5
25	Raleigh	58.2
United States		57.7
26	Charlotte	57.5
27	Seattle	57.2
28	Richmond	55.5
29	Baltimore	52.8
30	Virginia Beach	52.8
31	Phoenix	52.1
32	Chicago	50.1
33	New Orleans	49.6
34	Austin	48.4
35	Sacramento	47.5
36	Atlanta	43.2
37	New York	43.1
38	San Diego	42.2
39	Orlando	42.1
40	Dallas	42.1
41	Washington, D.C.	42.0
42	Memphis	41.0
43	Las Vegas	37.6
44	San Francisco	35.4
45	Houston	32.7
46	San Antonio	31.3
47	Miami	27.7
48	Los Angeles	27.6
49	San Jose	27.3
50	Riverside	27.3

Black Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Memphis	47.1
2	Atlanta	33.8
3	New Orleans	32.7
4	Birmingham	29.8
5	Virginia Beach	28.9
6	Baltimore	28.8
7	Richmond	28.0
8	Washington, D.C.	24.2
9	Charlotte	21.9
10	Detroit	21.2
11	Jacksonville	19.9
12	Philadelphia	19.5
13	Miami	19.3
14	Cleveland	18.9
15	Raleigh	18.9
16	Houston	16.7
17	St. Louis	16.6
18	Dallas	16.0
19	Chicago	15.5
20	Milwaukee	15.4
21	Columbus	15.1
22	Indianapolis	15.1
23	Orlando	14.8
24	New York	14.8
25	Louisville	14.6
26	Nashville	14.2
United States		11.9
27	Cincinnati	11.8
28	Las Vegas	11.6
29	Kansas City	11.5
30	Tampa	11.5
31	Buffalo	11.4
32	Hartford	10.4
33	Minneapolis	9.0
34	Oklahoma City	8.9
35	Pittsburgh	7.3
36	Boston	7.0
37	Austin	6.8
38	San Francisco	6.8
39	Riverside	6.7
40	Sacramento	6.5
41	San Antonio	6.3
42	Seattle	5.9
43	Los Angeles	5.9
44	Phoenix	5.4
45	Denver	5.4
46	Providence	4.8
47	San Diego	4.2
48	Portland	2.9
49	San Jose	2.2
50	Salt Lake City	1.6

Asian Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	San Jose	39.0
2	San Francisco	28.3
3	Los Angeles	16.6
4	Seattle	15.9
5	Sacramento	14.7
6	San Diego	12.1
7	New York	11.9
8	Washington, D.C.	10.7
9	Las Vegas	10.7
10	Boston	8.7
11	Houston	8.1
12	Dallas	8.0
13	Riverside	7.6
14	Chicago	7.2
15	Austin	7.0
16	Portland	7.0
17	Minneapolis	6.9
18	Raleigh	6.9
19	Atlanta	6.5
20	Philadelphia	6.4
21	Baltimore	6.0
United States		5.8
22	Hartford	5.5
23	Columbus	5.0
24	Detroit	4.9
25	Orlando	4.5
26	Charlotte	4.4
27	Denver	4.3
28	Richmond	4.3
29	Milwaukee	4.3
30	Phoenix	4.2
31	Buffalo	4.2
32	Indianapolis	4.1
33	Salt Lake City	4.1
34	Jacksonville	4.0
35	Virginia Beach	3.9
36	Tampa	3.7
37	Oklahoma City	3.3
38	Providence	3.1
39	Kansas City	3.1
40	Nashville	3.0
41	Cincinnati	3.0
42	St. Louis	2.9
43	New Orleans	2.8
44	Pittsburgh	2.7
45	San Antonio	2.6
46	Cleveland	2.4
47	Miami	2.4
48	Memphis	2.3
49	Louisville	2.1
50	Birmingham	1.7

Hispanic and Latino Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	San Antonio	56.2
2	Riverside	54.0
3	Miami	46.4
4	Los Angeles	45.4
5	Houston	38.8
6	San Diego	35.0
7	Orlando	33.1
8	Austin	32.7
9	Las Vegas	32.6
10	Phoenix	32.1
11	Dallas	29.7
12	San Jose	26.0
13	New York	25.5
14	Denver	23.9
15	Chicago	23.4
16	Sacramento	22.8
17	San Francisco	22.3
18	Tampa	21.8
19	Salt Lake City	19.4
United States		19.1
20	Washington, D.C.	17.0
21	Hartford	17.0
22	Oklahoma City	14.8
23	Providence	14.8
24	Portland	13.3
25	Boston	12.3
26	Milwaukee	11.7
27	Atlanta	11.5
28	Charlotte	11.4
29	Raleigh	11.3
30	Seattle	11.2
31	Jacksonville	10.7
32	Philadelphia	10.6
33	Kansas City	10.0
34	New Orleans	9.6
35	Nashville	8.3
36	Virginia Beach	7.8
37	Indianapolis	7.6
38	Richmond	7.1
39	Baltimore	7.0
40	Cleveland	6.7
41	Minneapolis	6.3
42	Memphis	6.3
43	Louisville	6.0
44	Buffalo	5.7
45	Detroit	5.1
46	Birmingham	5.1
47	Columbus	4.9
48	Cincinnati	3.9
49	St. Louis	3.4
50	Pittsburgh	2.1

Other Races Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of population identifying as American Indian, Pacific Islander, or Some Other Race, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Oklahoma City	3.4
2	Salt Lake City	2.6
3	Phoenix	2.2
4	Seattle	2.1
5	Sacramento	1.8
6	San Francisco	1.6
7	Las Vegas	1.5
8	Portland	1.5
9	New York	1.4
10	Boston	1.4
11	San Diego	1.3
United States		1.3
12	Riverside	1.3
13	Providence	1.3
14	Virginia Beach	1.1
15	Minneapolis	1.0
16	Los Angeles	1.0
17	Orlando	1.0
18	Washington, D.C.	1.0
19	San Jose	1.0
20	Miami	0.9
21	Austin	0.9
22	Jacksonville	0.9
23	Baltimore	0.9
24	New Orleans	0.9
25	Denver	0.9
26	Kansas City	0.9
27	Buffalo	0.8
28	Charlotte	0.8
29	Tampa	0.8
30	Raleigh	0.8
31	San Antonio	0.7
32	Philadelphia	0.7
33	Dallas	0.7
34	Milwaukee	0.7
35	Richmond	0.7
36	Atlanta	0.7
37	Columbus	0.7
38	Indianapolis	0.7
39	Birmingham	0.6
40	Houston	0.6
41	Hartford	0.6
42	St. Louis	0.6
43	Nashville	0.5
44	Detroit	0.5
45	Cincinnati	0.5
46	Chicago	0.5
47	Pittsburgh	0.5
48	Louisville	0.5
49	Cleveland	0.4
50	Memphis	0.3

Multiracial Population (Not Hispanic or Latino)
Percent of population identifying as two or more races, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Oklahoma City	8.3
2	Seattle	7.6
3	Sacramento	6.6
4	Portland	6.4
5	Las Vegas	5.9
6	Columbus	5.7
7	San Francisco	5.6
8	Virginia Beach	5.6
9	St. Louis	5.5
10	San Diego	5.2
11	Providence	5.1
12	Washington, D.C.	5.0
13	Minneapolis	5.0
14	Jacksonville	5.0
15	Boston	5.0
16	Pittsburgh	4.7
17	Kansas City	4.6
18	Baltimore	4.5
19	San Jose	4.5
20	Orlando	4.5
21	Detroit	4.5
22	Denver	4.5
23	Louisville	4.4
24	New Orleans	4.3
25	Cincinnati	4.3
United States		4.3
26	Richmond	4.3
27	Atlanta	4.3
28	Austin	4.1
29	Nashville	4.1
30	Hartford	4.1
31	Philadelphia	4.1
32	Cleveland	4.1
33	Phoenix	4.0
34	Indianapolis	4.0
35	Raleigh	4.0
36	Salt Lake City	3.9
37	Charlotte	3.9
38	Tampa	3.7
39	Buffalo	3.7
40	Milwaukee	3.7
41	Los Angeles	3.6
42	Dallas	3.5
43	New York	3.4
44	Chicago	3.2
45	Miami	3.2
46	Riverside	3.1
47	Houston	3.1
48	Memphis	3.0
49	San Antonio	2.8
50	Birmingham	2.3

Immigrant Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05012)
1	Miami	42.3
2	San Jose	40.7
3	Los Angeles	32.4
4	San Francisco	31.6
5	New York	29.8
6	Washington, D.C.	24.1
7	Houston	23.9
8	San Diego	22.3
9	Riverside	21.8
10	Las Vegas	21.8
11	Seattle	20.7
12	Orlando	20.7
13	Boston	20.1
14	Sacramento	19.1
15	Dallas	18.9
16	Chicago	18.1
17	Austin	15.9
18	Tampa	15.7
19	Atlanta	14.6
20	Hartford	14.5
21	Providence	14.2
22	Phoenix	14.1
United States		13.9
23	Raleigh	13.2
24	Salt Lake City	12.9
25	Portland	12.3
26	Denver	12.0
27	Philadelphia	11.8
28	San Antonio	11.5
29	Baltimore	11.5
30	Charlotte	11.1
31	Minneapolis	10.8
32	Detroit	10.3
33	Jacksonville	10.2
34	Columbus	9.8
35	Indianapolis	8.8
36	Nashville	8.8
37	Oklahoma City	7.9
38	Richmond	7.9
39	Milwaukee	7.6
40	New Orleans	7.1
41	Kansas City	6.8
42	Buffalo	6.8
43	Virginia Beach	6.5
44	Louisville	6.2
45	Cleveland	5.9
46	Memphis	5.8
47	Cincinnati	5.5
48	St. Louis	4.6
49	Birmingham	4.4
50	Pittsburgh	3.9

Change in Immigrant Population
Percent change, 2019-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05012)
1	Indianapolis	31.5
2	Jacksonville	17.0
3	Birmingham	14.8
4	Orlando	14.8
5	Columbus	14.0
6	Baltimore	12.8
7	Memphis	12.4
8	Hartford	11.9
9	Tampa	11.8
10	Raleigh	10.3
11	Philadelphia	10.0
12	Austin	9.6
13	Buffalo	9.4
14	Charlotte	7.7
15	Providence	7.0
16	Seattle	6.9
17	Washington, D.C.	6.6
18	Atlanta	6.3
19	Houston	6.2
20	Salt Lake City	5.9
21	Cincinnati	5.8
22	Boston	5.4
23	San Antonio	4.5
24	Sacramento	4.1
25	Minneapolis	3.5
26	Dallas	2.9
27	Chicago	2.9
United States		2.8
28	New York	2.7
29	Nashville	2.5
30	Oklahoma City	2.4
31	Denver	2.2
32	Riverside	2.2
33	Richmond	2.0
34	Miami	1.3
35	Milwaukee	1.3
36	Detroit	0.6
37	Phoenix	-0.1
38	San Jose	-0.2
39	San Francisco	-1.0
40	Las Vegas	-1.5
41	Kansas City	-1.9
42	Portland	-3.9
43	St. Louis	-4.0
44	San Diego	-4.0
45	Los Angeles	-4.1
46	Virginia Beach	-5.2
47	Pittsburgh	-6.4
48	Cleveland	-7.6
49	Louisville	-8.4
50	New Orleans	-8.5

St. Louis has an aging population with one of the oldest median ages among the peer regions. The age of the population has important implications for the workforce and social service programs.

Median Age
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01002)
1	Pittsburgh	42.9
2	Miami	42.1
3	Tampa	42.1
4	Cleveland	41.8
5	Buffalo	40.9
6	Providence	40.8
7	San Francisco	40.6
8	Detroit	40.4
9	Hartford	40.4
10	St. Louis	40.0
11	New York	39.7
12	Louisville	39.6
13	New Orleans	39.5
14	Boston	39.5
15	Portland	39.4
16	Philadelphia	39.3
17	Jacksonville	39.3
18	Birmingham	39.3
19	Baltimore	39.3
United States		39.0
20	Milwaukee	38.8
21	Chicago	38.7
22	Richmond	38.7
23	Orlando	38.5
24	Los Angeles	38.5
25	Las Vegas	38.3
26	Cincinnati	38.3
27	Sacramento	38.3
28	San Jose	38.2
29	Kansas City	38.2
30	Washington, D.C.	38.2
31	Minneapolis	38.1
32	Charlotte	38.0
33	Seattle	37.7
34	Phoenix	37.6
35	Raleigh	37.5
36	San Diego	37.3
37	Virginia Beach	37.3
38	Atlanta	37.3
39	Denver	37.3
40	Nashville	37.1
41	Indianapolis	37.0
42	Memphis	36.9
43	Columbus	36.9
44	Oklahoma City	36.0
45	Austin	35.9
46	San Antonio	35.7
47	Riverside	35.6
48	Dallas	35.5
49	Houston	35.4
50	Salt Lake City	34.0

Children
Population under age 18 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Houston	25.7
2	Salt Lake City	25.4
3	Dallas	24.8
4	Riverside	24.7
5	Memphis	24.5
6	San Antonio	24.2
7	Indianapolis	24.0
8	Oklahoma City	23.8
9	Kansas City	23.3
10	Atlanta	23.3
11	Columbus	23.0
12	Minneapolis	22.9
13	Raleigh	22.9
14	Cincinnati	22.8
15	Charlotte	22.7
16	Washington, D.C.	22.4
17	Birmingham	22.4
18	Milwaukee	22.3
19	Phoenix	22.3
20	Nashville	22.3
21	Las Vegas	22.2
22	Louisville	22.0
23	Sacramento	21.9
24	Jacksonville	21.9
25	Virginia Beach	21.9
26	New Orleans	21.8
27	Chicago	21.8
United States		21.7
28	Baltimore	21.7
29	Austin	21.6
30	St. Louis	21.5
31	Detroit	21.5
32	Philadelphia	21.1
33	Orlando	21.1
34	Richmond	21.0
35	New York	20.9
36	Denver	20.8
37	San Diego	20.7
38	Seattle	20.6
39	Cleveland	20.5
40	Los Angeles	20.5
41	San Jose	20.4
42	Portland	20.0
43	Buffalo	19.8
44	Miami	19.7
45	Hartford	19.5
46	Tampa	19.2
47	Providence	19.1
48	Boston	19.1
49	San Francisco	18.9
50	Pittsburgh	18.5

Change in Children
Percentage point change in population under age 18 as a percent of total population, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Baltimore	-0.8
2	Washington, D.C.	-0.9
3	Oklahoma City	-1.0
4	Virginia Beach	-1.1
5	Pittsburgh	-1.1
6	Buffalo	-1.2
7	New Orleans	-1.2
8	Birmingham	-1.2
9	Miami	-1.3
10	Jacksonville	-1.3
11	Columbus	-1.4
12	New York	-1.4
13	Tampa	-1.5
14	Minneapolis	-1.6
15	Memphis	-1.6
16	Louisville	-1.6
17	Cincinnati	-1.6
18	Houston	-1.7
19	Philadelphia	-1.7
20	Nashville	-1.7
21	St. Louis	-1.7
22	Seattle	-1.8
23	Orlando	-1.8
24	Richmond	-1.8
United States		-1.8
25	Kansas City	-1.8
26	Milwaukee	-1.8
27	Providence	-1.9
28	San Francisco	-1.9
29	Indianapolis	-1.9
30	San Antonio	-1.9
31	Cleveland	-1.9
32	Boston	-1.9
33	Detroit	-1.9
34	Hartford	-2.0
35	San Diego	-2.1
36	Sacramento	-2.2
37	Las Vegas	-2.3
38	Dallas	-2.5
39	Atlanta	-2.6
40	Chicago	-2.7
41	Charlotte	-2.8
42	Raleigh	-2.8
43	Portland	-3.1
44	Riverside	-3.1
45	Los Angeles	-3.2
46	Phoenix	-3.3
47	Austin	-3.4
48	San Jose	-3.4
49	Denver	-3.6
50	Salt Lake City	-3.7

Young Adults
Population aged 18 - 34 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Austin	26.8
2	Salt Lake City	26.2
3	San Diego	25.9
4	Denver	25.3
5	Seattle	25.1
6	San Jose	24.8
7	San Antonio	24.7
8	Oklahoma City	24.7
9	Virginia Beach	24.7
10	Boston	24.6
11	Nashville	24.6
12	Los Angeles	24.5
13	Riverside	24.5
14	Dallas	24.3
15	Columbus	24.2
16	Phoenix	24.0
17	Orlando	23.9
18	Houston	23.7
19	Richmond	23.6
20	Hartford	23.4
21	Atlanta	23.4
22	Portland	23.3
23	Providence	23.2
24	Raleigh	23.2
25	Sacramento	23.2
26	Indianapolis	23.1
27	Memphis	23.1
28	Chicago	23.0
29	Las Vegas	23.0
30	Philadelphia	23.0
31	Charlotte	23.0
United States		22.9
32	Washington, D.C.	22.7
33	New York	22.7
34	Cincinnati	22.6
35	Buffalo	22.5
36	Milwaukee	22.5
37	San Francisco	22.4
38	Minneapolis	22.4
39	Birmingham	22.3
40	Baltimore	22.3
41	Kansas City	22.2
42	Louisville	22.0
43	Jacksonville	22.0
44	Detroit	21.9
45	St. Louis	21.6
46	New Orleans	21.5
47	Pittsburgh	21.4
48	Cleveland	21.2
49	Tampa	21.2
50	Miami	20.7

Working-Age Adults
Population aged 18 - 64 as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Austin	66.5
2	Denver	65.0
3	Seattle	64.9
4	San Jose	64.6
5	Los Angeles	64.0
6	San Diego	63.8
7	Raleigh	63.7
8	Boston	63.6
9	San Francisco	63.5
10	Nashville	63.5
11	Portland	63.4
12	Atlanta	63.2
13	Orlando	63.1
14	Washington, D.C.	63.1
15	Dallas	63.0
16	Salt Lake City	62.8
17	Charlotte	62.6
18	Columbus	62.4
19	Providence	62.4
20	Hartford	62.2
21	Richmond	62.1
22	Las Vegas	62.1
23	San Antonio	62.1
24	Chicago	62.0
25	Houston	61.9
26	Virginia Beach	61.9
27	New York	61.8
28	Philadelphia	61.6
29	Minneapolis	61.5
30	Riverside	61.3
31	Sacramento	61.3
32	Baltimore	61.3
33	Oklahoma City	61.3
34	Indianapolis	61.1
35	Phoenix	61.0
United States		61.0
36	Jacksonville	60.8
37	Miami	60.8
38	Louisville	60.6
39	Detroit	60.6
40	Buffalo	60.6
41	Kansas City	60.4
42	Milwaukee	60.4
43	Cincinnati	60.4
44	St. Louis	60.3
45	Tampa	60.3
46	New Orleans	60.2
47	Birmingham	60.2
48	Memphis	60.1
49	Pittsburgh	59.9
50	Cleveland	59.4

Seniors
Population aged 65 and older as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Pittsburgh	21.6
2	Tampa	20.5
3	Cleveland	20.1
4	Buffalo	19.6
5	Miami	19.5
6	Providence	18.5
7	Hartford	18.3
8	St. Louis	18.1
9	New Orleans	18.0
10	Detroit	17.9
11	San Francisco	17.5
12	Birmingham	17.4
13	Louisville	17.4
United States		17.3
14	Philadelphia	17.3
15	Jacksonville	17.3
16	Milwaukee	17.3
17	New York	17.2
18	Boston	17.2
19	Baltimore	17.0
20	Richmond	16.9
21	Cincinnati	16.8
22	Sacramento	16.7
23	Phoenix	16.7
24	Portland	16.6
25	Kansas City	16.2
26	Chicago	16.2
27	Virginia Beach	16.2
28	Orlando	15.9
29	Las Vegas	15.8
30	Minneapolis	15.6
31	Los Angeles	15.5
32	San Diego	15.5
33	Memphis	15.4
34	San Jose	15.0
35	Oklahoma City	14.9
36	Indianapolis	14.9
37	Charlotte	14.6
38	Columbus	14.6
39	Seattle	14.6
40	Washington, D.C.	14.5
41	Nashville	14.3
42	Denver	14.2
43	Riverside	14.0
44	San Antonio	13.8
45	Atlanta	13.5
46	Raleigh	13.4
47	Houston	12.3
48	Dallas	12.2
49	Austin	12.0
50	Salt Lake City	11.9

St. Louis has a slightly larger proportion of the population that is disabled, relative to the peer regions. The percentages of seniors and children with disabilities in the region are similar to that of the United States as a whole, and the proportion of the working-age population with a disability is slightly higher in the St. Louis region compared to the peer regions.

Disability Rate
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	New Orleans	16.3
2	Oklahoma City	15.6
3	Pittsburgh	15.2
4	Cleveland	14.9
5	Birmingham	14.9
6	San Antonio	14.8
7	Tampa	14.5
8	Virginia Beach	14.4
9	Memphis	14.3
10	Louisville	14.1
11	Detroit	14.0
12	St. Louis	14.0
13	Las Vegas	13.9
14	Providence	13.7
15	Buffalo	13.7
16	Philadelphia	13.7
17	Portland	13.5
United States		13.4
18	Jacksonville	13.3
19	Cincinnati	13.3
20	Indianapolis	13.0
21	Sacramento	12.9
22	Richmond	12.7
23	Orlando	12.7
24	Baltimore	12.6
25	Kansas City	12.5
26	Columbus	12.5
27	Phoenix	12.5
28	Hartford	12.3
29	Milwaukee	12.0
30	Seattle	11.8
31	Riverside	11.8
32	Nashville	11.7
33	New York	11.4
34	Boston	11.3
35	Miami	11.3
36	San Diego	11.3
37	Los Angeles	11.1
38	Atlanta	11.1
39	Chicago	11.1
40	Denver	11.1
41	San Francisco	11.0
42	Houston	10.9
43	Salt Lake City	10.9
44	Austin	10.8
45	Charlotte	10.7
46	Minneapolis	10.5
47	Dallas	10.4
48	Raleigh	10.2
49	Washington, D.C.	9.5
50	San Jose	9.3

Children with Disabilities
Percent of children under 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	San Antonio	7.3
2	New Orleans	6.7
3	Oklahoma City	6.4
4	Cleveland	5.9
5	Pittsburgh	5.7
6	Birmingham	5.6
7	Philadelphia	5.4
8	Cincinnati	5.4
9	Louisville	5.3
10	Las Vegas	5.2
11	Virginia Beach	5.2
12	Richmond	5.1
13	Phoenix	5.1
14	Tampa	4.9
15	Providence	4.9
16	Orlando	4.9
17	Memphis	4.8
United States		4.8
18	St. Louis	4.8
19	Jacksonville	4.8
20	Indianapolis	4.8
21	Hartford	4.8
22	Atlanta	4.7
23	Baltimore	4.7
24	Salt Lake City	4.7
25	Detroit	4.6
26	Nashville	4.6
27	Portland	4.6
28	Houston	4.5
29	Columbus	4.5
30	Sacramento	4.4
31	Buffalo	4.4
32	Boston	4.4
33	Denver	4.3
34	Austin	4.3
35	Kansas City	4.1
36	Miami	4.0
37	New York	4.0
38	Charlotte	3.8
39	Los Angeles	3.8
40	Milwaukee	3.8
41	Dallas	3.7
42	Seattle	3.7
43	San Diego	3.6
44	Minneapolis	3.6
45	Riverside	3.6
46	Washington, D.C.	3.5
47	Raleigh	3.4
48	Chicago	3.4
49	San Francisco	3.3
50	San Jose	2.7

Working-Age Adults with Disabilities
Percent of adults aged 18 - 64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	New Orleans	14.1
2	Oklahoma City	13.8
3	Virginia Beach	12.8
4	Memphis	12.7
5	San Antonio	12.7
6	Cleveland	12.6
7	Birmingham	12.5
8	Pittsburgh	12.2
9	Louisville	12.0
10	Detroit	11.9
11	Las Vegas	11.7
12	St. Louis	11.6
13	Providence	11.6
14	Philadelphia	11.5
15	Jacksonville	11.5
16	Cincinnati	11.5
17	Buffalo	11.4
18	Tampa	11.4
19	Indianapolis	11.3
20	Portland	11.3
United States		11.0
21	Columbus	10.9
22	Richmond	10.7
23	Kansas City	10.5
24	Sacramento	10.4
25	Baltimore	10.3
26	Phoenix	10.2
27	Orlando	10.0
28	Milwaukee	9.8
29	Riverside	9.7
30	Austin	9.7
31	Nashville	9.7
32	Hartford	9.7
33	Seattle	9.6
34	Salt Lake City	9.6
35	Denver	9.3
36	Atlanta	9.2
37	Houston	9.0
38	Dallas	8.9
39	Minneapolis	8.9
40	San Diego	8.8
41	Chicago	8.7
42	Boston	8.7
43	Charlotte	8.6
44	Raleigh	8.5
45	Los Angeles	8.3
46	New York	8.3
47	San Francisco	7.7
48	Miami	7.4
49	Washington, D.C.	7.4
50	San Jose	5.8

Seniors with Disabilities
Percent of adults aged 65 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18101)
1	San Antonio	38.1
2	Oklahoma City	37.9
3	Memphis	35.8
4	New Orleans	35.8
5	Riverside	35.5
6	Birmingham	35.4
7	Las Vegas	35.0
8	Houston	34.0
9	Indianapolis	33.9
10	Orlando	33.8
11	San Jose	33.6
12	Sacramento	33.5
13	Louisville	33.3
14	St. Louis	33.1
United States		33.1
15	Seattle	33.1
16	Los Angeles	33.0
17	Detroit	33.0
18	Virginia Beach	32.9
19	Portland	32.9
20	Tampa	32.8
21	Dallas	32.4
22	Columbus	32.4
23	Kansas City	32.2
24	Pittsburgh	32.2
25	Nashville	32.1
26	New York	32.0
27	Philadelphia	31.7
28	San Diego	31.5
29	San Francisco	31.4
30	Baltimore	31.4
31	Miami	31.3
32	Atlanta	31.3
33	Cleveland	31.2
34	Salt Lake City	31.1
35	Phoenix	31.0
36	Chicago	30.9
37	Cincinnati	30.9
38	Charlotte	30.8
39	Jacksonville	30.7
40	Providence	30.5
41	Milwaukee	30.3
42	Buffalo	30.2
43	Raleigh	30.1
44	Richmond	29.9
45	Hartford	29.5
46	Denver	29.5
47	Boston	29.2
48	Austin	28.3
49	Washington, D.C.	28.3
50	Minneapolis	27.7

The composition of households in the United States has changed in the past few decades, including smaller household sizes and an increasing proportion of non-family households, which is in part due to more people over the age of 65 living alone.

Average Household Size
2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11002, B11001)
1	Riverside	3.2
2	Los Angeles	2.8
3	San Jose	2.8
4	Salt Lake City	2.8
5	Houston	2.7
6	Dallas	2.7
7	San Diego	2.7
8	Las Vegas	2.7
9	Sacramento	2.7
10	San Antonio	2.7
11	Atlanta	2.7
12	Raleigh	2.6
13	Phoenix	2.6
14	Washington, D.C.	2.6
15	Miami	2.6
16	San Francisco	2.6
17	Orlando	2.6
18	New York	2.6
19	Memphis	2.5
20	Oklahoma City	2.5
United States		2.5
21	Charlotte	2.5
22	Chicago	2.5
23	Baltimore	2.5
24	Indianapolis	2.5
25	Seattle	2.5
26	Virginia Beach	2.5
27	Birmingham	2.5
28	New Orleans	2.5
29	Jacksonville	2.4
30	Philadelphia	2.4
31	Minneapolis	2.4
32	Columbus	2.4
33	Detroit	2.4
34	Portland	2.4
35	Boston	2.4
36	Kansas City	2.4
37	Tampa	2.4
38	Cincinnati	2.4
39	Nashville	2.4
40	Richmond	2.4
41	Denver	2.4
42	Austin	2.4
43	Providence	2.4
44	Hartford	2.4
45	Louisville	2.4
46	St. Louis	2.3
47	Milwaukee	2.3
48	Cleveland	2.3
49	Pittsburgh	2.2
50	Buffalo	2.2

Family Households
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01001)
1	Riverside	75.6
2	San Jose	69.5
3	Houston	69.0
4	Salt Lake City	68.1
5	Raleigh	67.3
6	Dallas	67.2
7	Jacksonville	67.1
8	Atlanta	67.0
9	San Antonio	66.8
10	Orlando	66.6
11	Sacramento	66.4
12	Los Angeles	66.2
13	San Diego	66.1
14	Phoenix	65.9
15	Birmingham	65.2
16	Miami	65.0
17	Memphis	64.8
18	Charlotte	64.8
19	Las Vegas	64.8
20	Indianapolis	64.4
21	Oklahoma City	64.3
United States		64.1
22	Nashville	64.0
23	Virginia Beach	64.0
24	New York	63.7
25	Washington, D.C.	63.6
26	Cincinnati	63.6
27	Richmond	63.5
28	Philadelphia	62.9
29	Minneapolis	62.8
30	Baltimore	62.8
31	Chicago	62.7
32	San Francisco	62.6
33	St. Louis	62.4
34	Detroit	62.1
35	Louisville	62.0
36	Columbus	62.0
37	Kansas City	62.0
38	Boston	61.4
39	Hartford	61.4
40	Providence	61.2
41	Seattle	60.9
42	Tampa	60.7
43	Portland	60.1
44	Denver	59.8
45	New Orleans	59.7
46	Austin	59.5
47	Buffalo	59.0
48	Milwaukee	58.6
49	Pittsburgh	58.4
50	Cleveland	57.6

Families with Children
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11003)
1	Riverside	32.9
2	Houston	32.0
3	Raleigh	31.6
4	Dallas	31.1
5	Salt Lake City	30.5
6	San Jose	30.3
7	Indianapolis	28.8
8	Atlanta	28.8
9	San Antonio	28.5
10	Memphis	28.1
11	Columbus	28.1
12	Oklahoma City	28.0
13	Washington, D.C.	28.0
14	Charlotte	27.7
15	Sacramento	27.6
16	Nashville	27.6
17	Minneapolis	27.2
18	Phoenix	27.1
19	San Diego	27.0
20	Kansas City	26.9
21	Seattle	26.9
22	Jacksonville	26.8
23	Birmingham	26.7
24	Orlando	26.6
25	Baltimore	26.6
26	Las Vegas	26.5
27	Austin	26.5
28	Cincinnati	26.4
29	Virginia Beach	26.4
30	Chicago	26.1
United States		26.0
31	Los Angeles	25.9
32	New York	25.6
33	Richmond	25.6
34	San Francisco	25.6
35	Boston	25.5
36	Philadelphia	25.5
37	Hartford	25.3
38	St. Louis	25.3
39	Louisville	25.1
40	Milwaukee	25.1
41	Portland	25.1
42	Denver	25.1
43	Miami	24.8
44	Detroit	24.4
45	New Orleans	24.1
46	Providence	23.9
47	Buffalo	23.0
48	Tampa	22.4
49	Cleveland	22.1
50	Pittsburgh	20.9

Single Parent Families
Percent of family households with children, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11003)
1	Memphis	47.7
2	New Orleans	42.7
3	Cleveland	38.9
4	Las Vegas	38.1
5	Providence	37.9
6	Buffalo	37.2
7	Miami	37.2
8	Virginia Beach	37.1
9	Milwaukee	36.4
10	Louisville	34.8
11	San Antonio	34.4
12	Tampa	34.2
13	Jacksonville	34.1
14	Hartford	33.9
15	St. Louis	33.8
16	Columbus	33.7
17	Detroit	33.7
18	Baltimore	33.3
19	Phoenix	33.0
20	Oklahoma City	32.7
21	Atlanta	32.5
22	Birmingham	32.5
23	Philadelphia	32.2
United States		31.9
24	Richmond	31.8
25	Houston	31.7
26	Los Angeles	31.5
27	Cincinnati	31.4
28	Chicago	30.9
29	Kansas City	30.5
30	Orlando	30.1
31	Riverside	30.0
32	Indianapolis	29.9
33	Nashville	29.8
34	Charlotte	29.5
35	New York	29.5
36	Sacramento	28.7
37	Portland	28.7
38	Pittsburgh	28.3
39	Boston	27.3
40	San Diego	27.3
41	Dallas	27.2
42	Minneapolis	26.5
43	Denver	26.5
44	Salt Lake City	26.1
45	Washington, D.C.	25.8
46	Seattle	25.1
47	Raleigh	23.8
48	Austin	22.0
49	San Francisco	21.7
50	San Jose	20.0

Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren
Households where a grandparent is responsible for own grandchildren as a percent of households with children, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B10063, B11003)
1	Memphis	7.2
2	Birmingham	7.2
3	Las Vegas	5.4
4	New Orleans	5.3
5	Cincinnati	5.2
6	Virginia Beach	5.0
7	Oklahoma City	4.7
8	Atlanta	4.7
9	San Antonio	4.6
10	Louisville	4.6
11	Cleveland	4.5
12	Philadelphia	4.3
13	Riverside	4.3
14	Jacksonville	4.3
15	Houston	4.3
16	Charlotte	4.1
17	Tampa	4.1
United States		4.1
18	Dallas	4.1
19	Richmond	4.0
20	Los Angeles	3.9
21	Orlando	3.9
22	Miami	3.8
23	Providence	3.8
24	St. Louis	3.7
25	Nashville	3.5
26	Chicago	3.5
27	Indianapolis	3.5
28	Phoenix	3.4
29	Columbus	3.3
30	Buffalo	3.3
31	Detroit	3.3
32	Baltimore	3.3
33	Washington, D.C.	3.2
34	New York	3.2
35	Kansas City	3.1
36	Sacramento	3.1
37	San Diego	3.1
38	Denver	3.0
39	Pittsburgh	3.0
40	Salt Lake City	3.0
41	San Francisco	2.9
42	Austin	2.6
43	Milwaukee	2.5
44	Seattle	2.5
45	Hartford	2.3
46	Raleigh	2.3
47	Boston	2.2
48	Minneapolis	1.9
49	Portland	1.8
50	San Jose	1.7

Persons Aged 65 and Older Living Alone
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B11010, B11001)
1	Pittsburgh	15.1
2	Cleveland	14.5
3	Buffalo	14.2
4	Providence	13.6
5	Tampa	13.4
6	Detroit	13.0
7	New Orleans	13.0
8	Miami	12.6
9	Milwaukee	12.5
10	Hartford	12.5
11	St. Louis	12.4
12	Louisville	12.2
13	Boston	12.1
14	Baltimore	12.1
15	New York	11.7
16	Philadelphia	11.7
17	Cincinnati	11.6
United States		11.5
18	Richmond	11.4
19	Kansas City	11.3
20	Chicago	11.3
21	Birmingham	11.2
22	Sacramento	11.2
23	Portland	11.1
24	San Francisco	10.9
25	Virginia Beach	10.8
26	Minneapolis	10.7
27	Memphis	10.6
28	Las Vegas	10.2
29	Indianapolis	10.1
30	Phoenix	10.0
31	Jacksonville	10.0
32	Oklahoma City	10.0
33	Columbus	9.9
34	Denver	9.4
35	Los Angeles	9.2
36	Seattle	9.1
37	Washington, D.C.	9.1
38	Charlotte	9.0
39	San Diego	8.9
40	Riverside	8.8
41	Nashville	8.6
42	San Antonio	8.6
43	Raleigh	8.5
44	Orlando	8.5
45	Atlanta	8.4
46	San Jose	8.1
47	Dallas	7.9
48	Houston	7.4
49	Austin	6.9
50	Salt Lake City	6.9

Land Use

Land use is important to community planning and economic development. It is also important to the environmental quality of a region. This section highlights St. Louis’ relatively low-population density, dispersed development patterns, and large amount of farmland. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Population Distribution
Development Patterns
Farmland

The St. Louis region has low-population density relative to the peer regions, particularly in the central city, with a relatively large proportion of the population living in rural parts of the region.

Population Density
Population per land square mile, 2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	New York	2,917
2	Los Angeles	2,638
3	San Francisco	1,849
4	Boston	1,411
5	Philadelphia	1,357
6	Tampa	1,329
7	Chicago	1,287
8	Miami	1,220
9	Detroit	1,116
10	Baltimore	1,089
11	Cleveland	1,080
12	Milwaukee	1,073
13	Providence	1,057
14	Washington, D.C.	960
15	Dallas	934
16	Houston	908
17	Orlando	807
18	San Diego	777
19	Hartford	760
20	Buffalo	738
21	Atlanta	726
22	San Jose	726
23	Raleigh	712
24	Seattle	689
Peer Average		667
25	Austin	586
26	Jacksonville	535
27	Minneapolis	527
28	Virginia Beach	506
29	Charlotte	501
30	Cincinnati	500
31	Indianapolis	497
32	Sacramento	475
33	Pittsburgh	459
34	Columbus	455
35	Louisville	422
36	Portland	375
37	San Antonio	370
38	Nashville	370
39	Denver	360
40	St. Louis	356
41	Phoenix	348
42	Richmond	309
43	Kansas City	306
44	New Orleans	300
45	Las Vegas	296
46	Memphis	292
47	Oklahoma City	268
48	Birmingham	264
49	Riverside	172
50	Salt Lake City	165

Urbanized Area Density
Population per land square mile, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Los Angeles	6,945
2	San Jose	5,979
3	New York	5,677
4	San Francisco	5,503
5	Las Vegas	4,927
6	Miami	4,871
7	San Diego	4,349
8	Denver	3,992
9	Portland	3,900
10	Sacramento	3,895
11	Salt Lake City	3,797
12	Washington, D.C.	3,573
13	Chicago	3,509
14	Seattle	3,498
15	Phoenix	3,469
16	Riverside	3,420
Peer Average		3,230
17	Dallas	3,100
18	Baltimore	3,043
19	San Antonio	3,024
20	Houston	3,011
21	Philadelphia	2,944
22	Columbus	2,850
23	New Orleans	2,836
24	Austin	2,820
25	Minneapolis	2,763
26	Detroit	2,710
27	Buffalo	2,693
28	Virginia Beach	2,683
29	Milwaukee	2,651
30	Orlando	2,642
31	Tampa	2,635
32	Cleveland	2,470
33	Boston	2,444
34	Louisville	2,324
35	Oklahoma City	2,301
36	Providence	2,300
37	Kansas City	2,297
38	Indianapolis	2,288
39	St. Louis	2,254
40	Cincinnati	2,155
41	Richmond	2,067
42	Memphis	2,066
43	Jacksonville	1,974
44	Raleigh	1,933
45	Atlanta	1,924
46	Nashville	1,908
47	Pittsburgh	1,856
48	Hartford	1,748
49	Charlotte	1,746
50	Birmingham	1,486

Largest City Share of MSA Population
Percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Jacksonville	58.0
2	San Antonio	55.5
3	San Jose	50.1
4	Louisville	48.6
5	Oklahoma City	47.6
6	Memphis	46.6
7	New York	42.5
8	San Diego	42.2
9	Columbus	42.0
10	Indianapolis	41.1
11	Austin	40.2
12	Milwaukee	36.1
13	Nashville	33.4
14	Phoenix	32.8
15	Charlotte	32.6
16	Raleigh	32.1
17	Houston	31.4
18	Los Angeles	29.7
19	New Orleans	29.7
20	Las Vegas	28.3
21	Chicago	28.2
Peer Average		25.4
22	Portland	25.3
23	Virginia Beach	25.2
24	Philadelphia	25.1
25	Denver	23.9
26	Buffalo	23.8
27	Kansas City	23.1
28	Sacramento	21.8
29	Baltimore	20.1
30	Seattle	18.6
31	San Francisco	17.7
32	Birmingham	17.6
33	Cleveland	17.5
34	Richmond	17.1
35	Dallas	16.4
36	Salt Lake City	16.2
37	Detroit	14.3
38	Cincinnati	13.7
39	Boston	13.3
40	Pittsburgh	12.9
41	Tampa	12.1
42	Minneapolis	11.5
43	Orlando	11.4
44	Providence	11.3
45	Washington, D.C.	10.5
46	St. Louis	10.2
47	Hartford	9.9
48	Atlanta	8.0
49	Miami	7.3
50	Riverside	6.9

Change in Largest City Share of Population
Percentage difference, 2010-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Oklahoma City	1.3
2	Seattle	0.9
3	Buffalo	0.8
4	New Orleans	0.8
5	Columbus	0.5
6	Denver	0.3
7	Orlando	0.3
8	Providence	0.2
9	Kansas City	0.2
10	Sacramento	0.1
11	Miami	0.1
12	Los Angeles	0.1
13	San Diego	0.1
14	Minneapolis	0.0
15	Tampa	0.0
16	Atlanta	-0.1
17	Pittsburgh	-0.1
18	Richmond	-0.1
19	Washington, D.C.	-0.1
20	Charlotte	-0.2
21	Cincinnati	-0.2
22	Chicago	-0.3
23	Boston	-0.3
24	Riverside	-0.3
25	Virginia Beach	-0.3
26	Hartford	-0.4
27	Philadelphia	-0.5
28	New York	-0.8
29	San Francisco	-0.9
30	Portland	-0.9
31	Louisville	-0.9
Peer Average		-0.9
32	Salt Lake City	-1.0
33	St. Louis	-1.2
34	Cleveland	-1.6
35	Las Vegas	-1.7
36	Phoenix	-1.7
37	San Jose	-1.7
38	Milwaukee	-2.1
39	Indianapolis	-2.3
40	Detroit	-2.3
41	Birmingham	-2.4
42	Dallas	-2.5
43	Baltimore	-2.8
44	Memphis	-2.9
45	Jacksonville	-3.1
46	Nashville	-3.3
47	Raleigh	-3.6
48	Houston	-4.0
49	San Antonio	-6.5
50	Austin	-6.5

Rural Population
Percent of total population, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Birmingham	27.8
2	Nashville	22.4
3	Oklahoma City	19.4
4	Richmond	19.4
5	Pittsburgh	18.5
6	Charlotte	18.2
7	Louisville	17.3
8	Columbus	16.6
9	Raleigh	16.0
10	Cincinnati	15.9
11	Memphis	15.9
12	St. Louis	15.0
13	San Antonio	14.9
14	Hartford	14.4
15	Buffalo	13.9
16	Minneapolis	13.6
17	Austin	12.6
18	Kansas City	12.5
19	Indianapolis	12.0
20	Atlanta	11.9
21	Virginia Beach	10.9
22	Baltimore	10.6
23	Cleveland	9.9
24	Portland	9.8
25	Jacksonville	9.7
26	Providence	9.5
27	Milwaukee	8.8
28	Washington, D.C.	8.8
29	New Orleans	8.2
30	Dallas	8.0
31	Sacramento	7.7
32	Detroit	7.5
Peer Average		7.4
33	Houston	7.0
34	Philadelphia	6.5
35	Boston	6.5
36	Seattle	5.8
37	Denver	5.7
38	Riverside	5.4
39	Orlando	5.3
40	San Diego	4.4
41	Tampa	4.3
42	Phoenix	4.1
43	Chicago	3.0
44	New York	2.3
45	San Jose	2.0
46	Salt Lake City	1.8
47	Las Vegas	1.3
48	San Francisco	1.0
49	Los Angeles	0.7
50	Miami	0.6

Development in the St. Louis region is dispersed throughout the region. The large amount of developed land per capita is an indication of low density. This development pattern has led to lower housing costs relative to many other large metro regions but can increase transportation costs for families and make access to amenities more challenging. For further discussion, see the Developed Land per Capita performance indicator on OneSTL.

Land Area
In square miles, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Riverside	27,277
2	Phoenix	14,568
3	Atlanta	8,686
4	Dallas	8,675
5	Denver	8,345
6	Houston	8,269
7	Las Vegas	7,892
8	St. Louis	7,864
9	Salt Lake City	7,684
10	San Antonio	7,313
11	Kansas City	7,257
12	Chicago	7,195
13	Minneapolis	7,048
14	Portland	6,688
15	New York	6,684
16	Washington, D.C.	6,568
17	Seattle	5,870
18	Nashville	5,689
19	Charlotte	5,597
Peer Average		5,513
20	Oklahoma City	5,512
21	Pittsburgh	5,283
22	Sacramento	5,095
23	Miami	5,067
24	Los Angeles	4,852
25	Columbus	4,797
26	Philadelphia	4,603
27	Memphis	4,575
28	Cincinnati	4,546
29	Birmingham	4,489
30	Richmond	4,364
31	Indianapolis	4,307
32	Austin	4,220
33	San Diego	4,210
34	Detroit	3,892
35	Virginia Beach	3,530
36	Orlando	3,491
37	Boston	3,486
38	Louisville	3,237
39	New Orleans	3,203
40	Jacksonville	3,202
41	San Jose	2,680
42	Baltimore	2,602
43	Tampa	2,515
44	San Francisco	2,470
45	Raleigh	2,118
46	Cleveland	1,999
47	Providence	1,587
48	Buffalo	1,565
49	Hartford	1,515
50	Milwaukee	1,455

Developed Land per Capita
Developed acres per capita, 2021
Source: MRLS Consortium, National Land Cover Database; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Birmingham	0.40
2	Kansas City	0.32
3	Memphis	0.32
4	Pittsburgh	0.32
5	Oklahoma City	0.31
6	St. Louis	0.31
7	Nashville	0.30
8	Charlotte	0.29
9	Richmond	0.29
10	Louisville	0.28
11	Indianapolis	0.28
12	Cleveland	0.26
13	Jacksonville	0.26
14	Cincinnati	0.26
15	Columbus	0.25
16	Minneapolis	0.25
17	Hartford	0.24
18	Atlanta	0.24
19	Detroit	0.23
20	Raleigh	0.23
21	San Antonio	0.23
22	Milwaukee	0.22
23	Virginia Beach	0.22
24	Portland	0.22
25	Riverside	0.21
26	New Orleans	0.21
27	Buffalo	0.21
28	Houston	0.21
29	Orlando	0.20
30	Tampa	0.20
31	Providence	0.20
32	Austin	0.19
33	Dallas	0.19
34	Denver	0.19
Peer Average		0.18
35	Baltimore	0.18
36	Seattle	0.18
37	Sacramento	0.18
38	Phoenix	0.18
39	Salt Lake City	0.17
40	Chicago	0.17
41	Philadelphia	0.17
42	Boston	0.17
43	Washington, D.C.	0.16
44	San Diego	0.15
45	Miami	0.13
46	Las Vegas	0.13
47	San Jose	0.12
48	San Francisco	0.11
49	New York	0.10
50	Los Angeles	0.09

Change in Developed Land per Capita
Percent change in developed acres per capita, 2016-2021
Source: MRLS Consortium, National Land Cover Database; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates
1	Austin	7.6
2	Dallas	5.7
3	Houston	5.0
4	Raleigh	4.8
5	Phoenix	4.5
6	Las Vegas	4.4
7	Sacramento	4.1
8	San Antonio	4.0
9	Jacksonville	3.9
10	Denver	3.8
11	Salt Lake City	3.3
12	Orlando	3.1
13	Nashville	3.1
14	Oklahoma City	2.6
15	Charlotte	2.4
16	Indianapolis	2.3
17	Atlanta	2.2
Peer Average		2.0
18	Richmond	1.9
19	Washington, D.C.	1.9
20	Tampa	1.8
21	Columbus	1.7
22	Riverside	1.5
23	Louisville	1.5
24	Memphis	1.4
25	Kansas City	1.4
26	Cincinnati	1.3
27	New Orleans	1.2
28	Minneapolis	1.2
29	Portland	1.1
30	Virginia Beach	1.0
31	Miami	1.0
32	Baltimore	1.0
33	Seattle	1.0
34	Birmingham	1.0
35	Pittsburgh	0.9
36	Milwaukee	0.9
37	Providence	0.8
38	St. Louis	0.8
39	Philadelphia	0.7
40	San Jose	0.7
41	San Diego	0.7
42	Boston	0.7
43	Buffalo	0.6
44	Los Angeles	0.6
45	Hartford	0.6
46	Chicago	0.5
47	Detroit	0.5
48	Cleveland	0.5
49	San Francisco	0.4
50	New York	0.3

Rural Land Area
Percent of total land area in square miles, 2020
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census
1	Salt Lake City	95.8
2	Riverside	95.3
3	Las Vegas	94.2
4	Denver	91.6
5	Portland	91.3
6	Oklahoma City	90.9
7	Phoenix	90.8
8	San Antonio	90.1
9	Sacramento	88.8
10	Kansas City	88.5
11	Richmond	88.3
12	Memphis	88.1
13	Birmingham	87.9
14	San Jose	87.8
15	New Orleans	87.1
16	Columbus	86.9
17	St. Louis	86.5
18	Louisville	85.9
19	Nashville	85.8
20	Minneapolis	83.6
21	Austin	83.2
22	Virginia Beach	83.1
23	San Diego	82.8
24	Seattle	81.6
25	Indianapolis	81.2
Peer Average		81.0
26	Cincinnati	80.6
27	Pittsburgh	80.3
28	Charlotte	77.7
29	Jacksonville	77.0
30	Buffalo	76.2
31	Miami	75.3
32	Washington, D.C.	75.2
33	Dallas	73.9
34	Houston	73.4
35	Orlando	72.6
36	Raleigh	71.0
37	Atlanta	67.9
38	Baltimore	67.9
39	San Francisco	65.4
40	Chicago	63.1
41	Milwaukee	62.8
42	Cleveland	61.9
43	Detroit	61.5
44	Los Angeles	61.1
45	Hartford	60.8
46	Providence	58.4
47	Philadelphia	56.9
48	Tampa	54.1
49	New York	48.1
50	Boston	45.8

The St. Louis region has a relatively large amount of farmland compared to the peer regions. A majority of this land is used for crops while the remainder is woodland, pasture, and other land. Farmland is an important piece of the region’s environmental health as well as the economy.

Farmland
Acres of land in farms in thousands, 2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1	Dallas	4,082
2	San Antonio	3,657
3	Kansas City	3,126
4	St. Louis	2,780
5	Oklahoma City	2,509
6	Minneapolis	2,492
7	Denver	2,489
8	Houston	2,218
9	Chicago	2,147
10	Nashville	1,831
11	Austin	1,669
12	Columbus	1,666
13	Memphis	1,623
14	Indianapolis	1,603
15	Phoenix	1,595
16	Cincinnati	1,198
17	Washington, D.C.	1,147
Peer Average		1,136
18	Louisville	1,127
19	Sacramento	929
20	Charlotte	885
21	Atlanta	872
22	Orlando	853
23	San Jose	808
24	Pittsburgh	790
25	Richmond	669
26	Philadelphia	656
27	Portland	597
28	Miami	573
29	Detroit	550
30	San Francisco	525
31	Baltimore	520
32	Birmingham	510
33	Tampa	425
34	Salt Lake City	411
35	Raleigh	368
36	Virginia Beach	363
37	Riverside	332
38	Cleveland	310
39	Buffalo	283
40	New Orleans	263
41	San Diego	222
42	Boston	171
43	Seattle	151
44	Hartford	100
45	Los Angeles	90
46	Providence	89

Change in Farmland
Percent change in acres, 2012-2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1	Providence	20.6
2	New Orleans	14.5
3	Baltimore	5.8
4	Louisville	5.5
5	Virginia Beach	4.2
Peer Average		3.9
6	Memphis	3.1
7	Richmond	3.1
8	Cleveland	2.0
9	Atlanta	1.9
10	Oklahoma City	1.7
11	San Antonio	0.4
12	Philadelphia	0.4
13	San Diego	0.3
14	Sacramento	0.2
15	Dallas	0.2
16	San Francisco	0.1
17	Kansas City	0.1
18	Orlando	-0.0
19	Denver	-0.1
20	Birmingham	-0.7
21	Buffalo	-0.8
22	Detroit	-1.4
23	Cincinnati	-1.5
24	Nashville	-2.0
25	San Jose	-3.1
26	Pittsburgh	-3.3
27	Salt Lake City	-3.4
28	Phoenix	-3.4
29	Washington, D.C.	-3.8
30	Chicago	-3.8
31	Minneapolis	-4.1
32	St. Louis	-4.6
33	Columbus	-4.6
34	Austin	-4.8
35	Indianapolis	-5.1
36	Tampa	-5.6
37	Charlotte	-5.7
38	Miami	-6.0
39	Raleigh	-7.0
40	Portland	-7.3
41	Seattle	-9.4
42	Boston	-10.3
43	Houston	-17.2
44	Hartford	-20.6
45	Riverside	-21.2
46	Los Angeles	-40.7

Organic Farms
Number of farms using organic practices, 2017
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture
1	San Diego	358
2	Riverside	228
3	Minneapolis	164
4	Sacramento	156
5	Portland	137
6	New York	123
7	San Francisco	99
8	Boston	93
9	San Jose	92
10	Columbus	86
11	Philadelphia	85
12	Seattle	81
13	Washington, D.C.	68
Peer Average		51
14	Chicago	49
15	Cleveland	49
16	Miami	45
17	Los Angeles	40
18	Pittsburgh	39
19	Buffalo	38
20	Providence	38
21	Detroit	35
22	Kansas City	30
23	Baltimore	29
24	Tampa	28
25	Cincinnati	26
26	Atlanta	25
27	Denver	24
28	Milwaukee	24
29	Orlando	23
30	Nashville	23
31	Phoenix	22
32	St. Louis	22
33	Indianapolis	22
34	Hartford	21
35	Raleigh	21
36	Austin	20
37	Houston	20
38	Dallas	15
39	Salt Lake City	11
40	Charlotte	10
41	Richmond	10
42	Virginia Beach	9
43	Louisville	8
44	San Antonio	8
45	Jacksonville	6
46	Memphis	4
47	Birmingham	3
48	Oklahoma City	2
49	Las Vegas	1
50	New Orleans	1

Housing

When it comes to housing, St. Louis is one of the most affordable large metropolitan regions in the country. However, black families are less likely than white families to own a home, more likely to be housing cost-burdened, and much more likely to live in areas of concentrated poverty. The region is also one of the most racially segregated among the peers. Where one lives is an important factor in many aspects of life including access to jobs and amenities, quality of schools, and exposure to crime. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Housing Market
Housing Affordability
Segregation

The St. Louis region continues to have some of the lowest priced housing among the peer regions, even with an increase in prices that was similar to the national average over the past five years. The rate of homeownership in the region is one of the highest among the peers. However, black households are nearly twice as likely to rent as white households. Relative to the peers, the region has a high vacancy rate and a low rate of new housing starts.

Homeownership
Owner-occupied units as a percent of all occupied housing units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25003)
1	Detroit	71.5
2	Minneapolis	70.5
3	Pittsburgh	70.5
4	St. Louis	69.7
5	Birmingham	69.5
6	Louisville	69.2
7	Cincinnati	69.1
8	Raleigh	67.8
9	Salt Lake City	67.6
10	Richmond	67.6
11	Indianapolis	67.5
12	Baltimore	67.3
13	Jacksonville	67.2
14	Tampa	67.0
15	Philadelphia	66.9
16	Phoenix	66.7
17	Cleveland	66.6
18	Atlanta	66.5
19	Hartford	66.5
20	Buffalo	66.1
21	New Orleans	65.9
22	Charlotte	65.8
23	Riverside	65.8
24	Chicago	65.4
25	Kansas City	65.3
United States		65.2
26	Nashville	65.0
27	Denver	64.5
28	Virginia Beach	64.2
29	Washington, D.C.	63.9
30	San Antonio	63.5
31	Oklahoma City	63.3
32	Sacramento	62.8
33	Providence	62.8
34	Orlando	61.9
35	Portland	61.6
36	Boston	61.5
37	Columbus	61.2
38	Memphis	60.8
39	Houston	60.5
40	Dallas	60.2
41	Milwaukee	60.1
42	Miami	59.9
43	Seattle	59.8
44	Austin	58.8
45	Las Vegas	57.8
46	San Francisco	56.2
47	San Jose	54.9
48	San Diego	54.5
49	New York	51.7
50	Los Angeles	47.9

Racial Disparity in Homeownership
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, owner-occupied units as a percent of all occupied units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Milwaukee	2.69
2	Minneapolis	2.50
3	Portland	2.35
4	Pittsburgh	2.16
5	Columbus	2.10
6	Seattle	2.09
7	Cincinnati	2.08
8	Las Vegas	2.06
9	San Diego	2.05
10	Louisville	1.97
11	New York	1.95
12	Cleveland	1.90
13	Oklahoma City	1.89
14	San Francisco	1.88
15	Kansas City	1.84
16	Buffalo	1.83
17	Phoenix	1.82
18	Chicago	1.81
19	Boston	1.81
20	Indianapolis	1.81
21	Los Angeles	1.80
22	Dallas	1.77
23	St. Louis	1.75
24	Detroit	1.73
25	Charlotte	1.71
26	Houston	1.68
27	Sacramento	1.68
28	Memphis	1.68
29	Hartford	1.67
30	Riverside	1.67
United States		1.65
31	Baltimore	1.64
32	Nashville	1.64
33	San Antonio	1.63
34	Denver	1.63
35	Providence	1.62
36	Tampa	1.58
37	Virginia Beach	1.58
38	Miami	1.57
39	Philadelphia	1.56
40	Jacksonville	1.55
41	Austin	1.55
42	Birmingham	1.54
43	Orlando	1.53
44	New Orleans	1.52
45	Raleigh	1.49
46	Atlanta	1.45
47	Richmond	1.40
48	Washington, D.C.	1.36

Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
In thousands of dollars, 2018
Source: National Association of Realtors
1	San Jose	1,340.0
2	San Francisco	987.5
3	San Diego	634.0
4	Seattle	501.4
5	Boston	477.4
6	Denver	449.9
7	Washington, D.C.	424.0
8	New York	410.0
9	Portland	395.7
10	Sacramento	365.0
11	Riverside	360.0
12	Miami	350.0
13	Salt Lake City	331.7
14	Austin	315.9
15	Providence	292.5
16	Las Vegas	288.8
17	Baltimore	285.6
18	Raleigh	283.6
19	Minneapolis	273.4
20	Phoenix	269.8
21	Orlando	265.0
United States		261.6
22	Nashville	260.5
23	Dallas	260.0
24	Chicago	259.4
25	Richmond	258.8
26	Milwaukee	250.3
27	Jacksonville	247.0
28	Charlotte	241.5
29	Houston	238.8
30	Tampa	235.0
31	Hartford	235.0
32	Philadelphia	229.0
33	San Antonio	228.1
34	Atlanta	219.9
35	Virginia Beach	219.0
36	New Orleans	210.1
37	Birmingham	207.3
38	Kansas City	206.5
39	Columbus	201.8
40	Indianapolis	187.1
41	Louisville	180.1
42	Memphis	177.9
43	St. Louis	177.5
44	Cincinnati	174.3
45	Oklahoma City	159.5
46	Cleveland	153.3
47	Buffalo	152.8

Change in Median Sales Price of Existing Single-Family Homes
Percent change, 2013-2018, adjusted to 2018 dollars
Source: National Association of Realtors; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	San Jose	59.4
2	Las Vegas	54.2
3	Orlando	53.3
4	Tampa	52.7
5	Denver	48.7
6	Atlanta	46.2
7	Jacksonville	42.5
8	Sacramento	41.4
9	Riverside	38.3
10	Seattle	38.3
11	Portland	38.3
12	Dallas	37.4
13	Nashville	37.0
14	San Francisco	36.8
15	Phoenix	36.3
16	Raleigh	33.6
17	Salt Lake City	33.4
18	Miami	32.0
19	Austin	31.5
20	Columbus	31.1
21	Minneapolis	29.3
22	Charlotte	28.6
23	Memphis	27.5
24	Indianapolis	27.0
25	San Diego	26.7
26	Chicago	25.8
27	Kansas City	23.8
28	San Antonio	23.8
United States		22.9
29	St. Louis	22.6
30	Houston	22.2
31	Cleveland	20.8
32	Louisville	19.8
33	Cincinnati	19.3
34	New Orleans	18.3
35	Boston	17.8
36	Providence	17.6
37	Birmingham	16.5
38	Richmond	15.7
39	Milwaukee	15.7
40	Buffalo	8.2
41	Virginia Beach	5.3
42	Baltimore	5.2
43	Washington, D.C.	3.0
44	New York	-2.9
45	Oklahoma City	-3.3
46	Philadelphia	-3.6
47	Hartford	-4.0

Housing Units
Housing units per 1,000 population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002,B03002)
1	Pittsburgh	482.8
2	Cleveland	471.2
3	Buffalo	466.6
4	New Orleans	465.8
5	Tampa	459.7
6	St. Louis	454.6
7	Milwaukee	447.3
8	Birmingham	445.1
9	Louisville	443.4
10	Detroit	440.9
11	Miami	437.1
12	Jacksonville	436.9
13	Providence	436.8
14	Kansas City	434.6
15	Nashville	434.6
16	Austin	432.9
17	Denver	432.4
18	Hartford	432.2
19	Memphis	431.7
United States		431.4
20	Cincinnati	428.9
21	Columbus	428.5
22	Indianapolis	428.4
23	Virginia Beach	427.6
24	Oklahoma City	427.0
25	Richmond	425.3
26	Portland	424.6
27	Seattle	423.8
28	Baltimore	423.6
29	Charlotte	423.4
30	Philadelphia	422.1
31	Boston	421.2
32	Minneapolis	420.6
33	Chicago	420.3
34	Raleigh	415.5
35	Orlando	414.8
36	New York	411.6
37	Phoenix	411.4
38	San Francisco	410.0
39	Las Vegas	409.4
40	Washington, D.C.	400.0
41	Atlanta	399.9
42	San Antonio	398.2
43	Sacramento	395.5
44	Houston	393.8
45	Dallas	389.8
46	San Diego	380.7
47	Salt Lake City	376.0
48	Los Angeles	372.0
49	San Jose	370.6
50	Riverside	345.0

Change in Housing Units
Percent change in housing units per 1,000 population, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002,B03002)
1	Austin	8.6
2	Los Angeles	7.4
3	San Jose	6.8
4	Nashville	5.3
5	Chicago	5.2
6	Denver	5.0
7	Salt Lake City	4.8
8	San Francisco	4.6
9	Virginia Beach	4.4
10	Milwaukee	4.4
11	San Antonio	4.3
12	Portland	4.2
13	New York	4.2
14	Philadelphia	4.1
15	Memphis	3.8
16	New Orleans	3.6
17	Charlotte	3.5
18	Boston	3.5
19	Raleigh	3.5
20	Washington, D.C.	3.5
21	Hartford	3.4
22	San Diego	3.3
23	Pittsburgh	3.3
24	Houston	3.3
25	St. Louis	3.2
26	Minneapolis	3.1
27	Louisville	2.5
28	Baltimore	2.3
United States		2.2
29	Miami	2.0
30	Buffalo	1.9
31	Cleveland	1.8
32	Richmond	1.8
33	Seattle	1.8
34	Dallas	1.7
35	Oklahoma City	1.6
36	Kansas City	1.3
37	Providence	0.9
38	Columbus	0.8
39	Birmingham	0.6
40	Indianapolis	0.6
41	Detroit	0.5
42	Atlanta	0.1
43	Cincinnati	-0.1
44	Jacksonville	-0.2
45	Riverside	-0.3
46	Sacramento	-0.6
47	Phoenix	-2.0
48	Orlando	-3.1
49	Las Vegas	-3.7
50	Tampa	-4.0

Vacancy Rate
Vacant units as a percent of all housing units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002)
1	New Orleans	13.9
2	Miami	12.6
3	Tampa	12.1
4	Birmingham	10.7
5	Riverside	10.3
6	Pittsburgh	9.9
7	Las Vegas	9.8
8	Memphis	9.7
United States		9.7
9	Raleigh	9.3
10	Oklahoma City	8.6
11	Phoenix	8.4
12	Cleveland	8.3
13	Jacksonville	8.2
14	St. Louis	8.2
15	Orlando	8.0
16	Detroit	8.0
17	San Antonio	8.0
18	Sacramento	7.4
19	San Francisco	7.4
20	New York	7.4
21	Virginia Beach	7.4
22	Houston	7.2
23	Indianapolis	7.1
24	Atlanta	7.1
25	Providence	7.0
26	Charlotte	6.9
27	Buffalo	6.7
28	Columbus	6.6
29	Kansas City	6.6
30	Nashville	6.5
31	Hartford	6.4
32	Baltimore	6.2
33	Milwaukee	6.2
34	Chicago	6.1
35	Dallas	6.1
36	San Diego	6.0
37	Los Angeles	6.0
38	Louisville	6.0
39	Salt Lake City	5.9
40	Cincinnati	5.8
41	San Jose	5.8
42	Seattle	5.7
43	Philadelphia	5.7
44	Boston	5.6
45	Richmond	5.6
46	Denver	5.2
47	Portland	5.0
48	Washington, D.C.	5.0
49	Austin	4.6
50	Minneapolis	4.5

Change in Vacancy Rate
Percentage point change in vacant units as a percent of all housing units, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25002)
1	San Jose	2.2
2	Raleigh	2.1
3	San Francisco	1.3
4	Pittsburgh	-0.2
5	New Orleans	-0.5
6	Minneapolis	-0.6
7	Milwaukee	-0.8
8	Denver	-0.8
9	Hartford	-1.1
10	Boston	-1.2
11	Portland	-1.2
12	Seattle	-1.3
13	New York	-1.7
14	San Diego	-1.7
15	San Antonio	-1.9
16	Washington, D.C.	-2.0
17	Dallas	-2.2
18	Birmingham	-2.2
19	St. Louis	-2.4
20	Nashville	-2.4
21	Oklahoma City	-2.4
22	Virginia Beach	-2.5
23	Sacramento	-2.5
24	Salt Lake City	-2.7
25	Memphis	-2.7
26	Charlotte	-2.8
United States		-2.8
27	Philadelphia	-2.9
28	Baltimore	-3.0
29	Kansas City	-3.0
30	Buffalo	-3.1
31	Providence	-3.2
32	Columbus	-3.3
33	Louisville	-3.4
34	Chicago	-3.6
35	Cleveland	-3.7
36	Austin	-3.8
37	Indianapolis	-3.8
38	Houston	-4.0
39	Riverside	-4.2
40	Atlanta	-4.5
41	Detroit	-4.6
42	Tampa	-4.6
43	Cincinnati	-4.6
44	Richmond	-5.3
45	Miami	-5.4
46	Las Vegas	-5.9
47	Phoenix	-6.3
48	Jacksonville	-7.4
49	Orlando	-10.1

Housing Permits
New permitted units per 1,000 units, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey and American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25001)
1	Austin	42.5
2	Raleigh	36.2
3	Nashville	32.8
4	Jacksonville	32.6
5	Houston	26.8
6	Dallas	25.8
7	Orlando	25.7
8	Charlotte	23.9
9	San Antonio	23.5
10	Phoenix	23.3
11	Salt Lake City	21.7
12	Tampa	20.1
13	Atlanta	19.6
14	Richmond	18.6
15	Denver	18.6
16	Seattle	15.9
17	Minneapolis	15.5
18	Indianapolis	14.1
19	Las Vegas	14.0
20	Columbus	13.3
21	Washington, D.C.	12.8
22	Portland	12.3
23	Kansas City	11.8
United States		11.7
24	San Jose	11.5
25	Sacramento	11.4
26	Oklahoma City	11.2
27	Riverside	10.5
28	Louisville	9.7
29	Birmingham	8.4
30	Virginia Beach	8.2
31	San Diego	7.6
32	Memphis	7.5
33	Miami	7.5
34	New York	7.3
35	New Orleans	7.2
36	St. Louis	7.2
37	Boston	7.1
38	Los Angeles	6.8
39	Cincinnati	6.4
40	San Francisco	6.0
41	Philadelphia	5.5
42	Baltimore	5.5
43	Pittsburgh	5.0
44	Milwaukee	4.6
45	Chicago	4.5
46	Detroit	4.2
47	Cleveland	3.8
48	Hartford	3.7
49	Buffalo	3.0
50	Providence	2.9

Change in Housing Permits
Percent change in new permitted units, 2017-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey
1	San Antonio	94.5
2	Jacksonville	78.8
3	Houston	78.6
4	Tampa	64.1
5	Phoenix	61.3
6	Austin	58.7
7	Minneapolis	57.4
8	Birmingham	54.7
9	Raleigh	52.1
10	Orlando	50.4
11	Richmond	47.3
12	Atlanta	42.2
13	Indianapolis	40.8
14	New Orleans	40.5
15	Salt Lake City	37.1
16	Nashville	37.1
17	Columbus	36.9
18	Pittsburgh	30.9
United States		29.9
19	Oklahoma City	27.5
20	Hartford	27.2
21	St. Louis	25.2
22	Dallas	25.0
23	New York	19.0
24	Charlotte	18.8
25	Washington, D.C.	18.6
26	Cleveland	15.7
27	Riverside	14.1
28	Kansas City	13.9
29	Sacramento	13.6
30	Memphis	11.5
31	Philadelphia	6.4
32	Providence	5.6
33	Los Angeles	4.6
34	Denver	3.3
35	Miami	1.5
36	Virginia Beach	0.4
37	Boston	-2.1
38	Seattle	-2.5
39	Buffalo	-3.6
40	Baltimore	-3.7
41	San Jose	-3.9
42	Cincinnati	-4.6
43	Louisville	-4.9
44	Las Vegas	-7.2
45	San Diego	-10.5
46	Milwaukee	-13.5
47	Portland	-18.8
48	Chicago	-20.3
49	Detroit	-21.3
50	San Francisco	-33.9

Despite relatively affordable housing, St. Louis has a substantial number of homeowners as well as renters paying more than 30 percent of their income on housing. A larger proportion of black (not Hispanic or Latino) owners and renters are cost-burdened compared to their white (not Hispanic or Latino) counterparts.

Housing Cost-Burdened Owners
Owners paying at least 30% of income on housing as a percent of all homeowners, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25091)
1	Miami	33.7
2	Los Angeles	33.6
3	Riverside	32.4
4	San Diego	32.1
5	New York	31.9
6	San Francisco	28.8
7	Sacramento	27.7
8	Boston	26.5
9	Orlando	26.4
10	San Jose	26.0
11	Portland	25.7
12	Tampa	25.7
13	Las Vegas	25.7
14	Chicago	25.0
15	Virginia Beach	24.9
16	Seattle	24.9
17	Providence	24.8
18	New Orleans	24.7
19	San Antonio	24.7
20	Denver	24.2
21	Houston	23.8
22	Dallas	23.7
23	Philadelphia	23.2
24	Hartford	23.0
25	Baltimore	22.8
United States		22.8
26	Jacksonville	21.9
27	Washington, D.C.	21.9
28	Austin	21.9
29	Detroit	21.3
30	Memphis	21.0
31	Milwaukee	20.7
32	Phoenix	20.5
33	Kansas City	20.5
34	Atlanta	20.4
35	Minneapolis	20.1
36	Nashville	20.1
37	Cleveland	20.0
38	Oklahoma City	19.7
39	Salt Lake City	19.3
40	Richmond	19.3
41	Buffalo	19.1
42	Louisville	18.8
43	Columbus	18.4
44	Charlotte	18.3
45	Birmingham	17.7
46	St. Louis	17.7
47	Indianapolis	17.7
48	Cincinnati	17.6
49	Pittsburgh	17.2
50	Raleigh	17.0

Racial Disparity in Housing Cost-Burdened Owners
Ratio of percent of black to percent of white owners paying at least 30% of income on housing, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Milwaukee	1.98
2	Raleigh	1.86
3	Indianapolis	1.70
4	Kansas City	1.70
5	Cleveland	1.68
6	Denver	1.65
7	Pittsburgh	1.65
8	Memphis	1.65
9	Boston	1.61
10	Richmond	1.58
11	Detroit	1.57
12	Orlando	1.57
13	Cincinnati	1.53
14	San Francisco	1.51
15	Virginia Beach	1.50
16	Hartford	1.49
17	Baltimore	1.47
18	Charlotte	1.45
19	St. Louis	1.45
20	Columbus	1.44
21	Atlanta	1.42
22	Chicago	1.42
23	Minneapolis	1.40
United States		1.39
24	San Diego	1.38
25	New Orleans	1.37
26	Birmingham	1.36
27	Philadelphia	1.36
28	Dallas	1.36
29	Buffalo	1.35
30	Nashville	1.34
31	New York	1.33
32	Washington, D.C.	1.33
33	Houston	1.33
34	Oklahoma City	1.32
35	Miami	1.32
36	Los Angeles	1.30
37	San Antonio	1.29
38	Las Vegas	1.28
39	Jacksonville	1.25
40	Phoenix	1.23
41	Louisville	1.23
42	Riverside	1.22
43	Portland	1.17
44	Tampa	1.17
45	Seattle	1.16
46	Austin	1.16
47	Sacramento	1.16
48	Providence	0.98

Housing Cost-Burdened Renters
Renters paying at least 30% of income on housing as a percent of all renters, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25070)
1	Miami	64.6
2	Orlando	60.6
3	Riverside	60.2
4	Sacramento	59.1
5	Las Vegas	58.3
6	San Diego	58.3
7	Los Angeles	58.2
8	New Orleans	58.2
9	Tampa	57.6
10	Virginia Beach	55.7
11	San Antonio	55.4
12	Birmingham	54.2
13	Memphis	53.9
14	Phoenix	53.9
15	Richmond	53.7
16	Houston	53.5
17	Dallas	53.5
18	Boston	53.3
19	Jacksonville	53.2
20	Atlanta	53.2
21	Hartford	53.0
22	Baltimore	53.0
23	Portland	52.6
24	New York	52.6
25	Denver	52.0
United States		51.9
26	Philadelphia	51.8
27	Detroit	51.7
28	Nashville	51.2
29	Minneapolis	51.0
30	Indianapolis	50.5
31	Chicago	50.4
32	Cleveland	50.1
33	Oklahoma City	50.1
34	Seattle	50.0
35	Charlotte	49.9
36	Buffalo	49.7
37	Milwaukee	49.5
38	Salt Lake City	49.2
39	Louisville	49.1
40	San Francisco	48.9
41	Providence	48.6
42	Austin	48.5
43	Raleigh	48.3
44	Washington, D.C.	47.8
45	Columbus	47.3
46	Kansas City	46.7
47	St. Louis	46.6
48	Cincinnati	46.5
49	San Jose	45.7
50	Pittsburgh	43.2

Racial Disparity in Housing Cost-Burdened Renters
Ratio of percent of black to percent of white renters paying at least 30% of income on housing, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	San Francisco	1.43
2	Cincinnati	1.43
3	Raleigh	1.42
4	Indianapolis	1.39
5	Hartford	1.39
6	Buffalo	1.38
7	Atlanta	1.33
8	Charlotte	1.33
9	Oklahoma City	1.33
10	Phoenix	1.32
11	Seattle	1.31
12	Dallas	1.30
13	San Antonio	1.30
14	Chicago	1.30
15	Pittsburgh	1.29
16	Kansas City	1.28
17	Richmond	1.28
18	Denver	1.28
19	Boston	1.25
20	San Diego	1.24
21	Washington, D.C.	1.24
22	Houston	1.23
23	St. Louis	1.22
24	Tampa	1.21
25	Minneapolis	1.21
United States		1.21
26	Philadelphia	1.20
27	New Orleans	1.20
28	Las Vegas	1.20
29	Miami	1.20
30	Sacramento	1.19
31	Memphis	1.19
32	Baltimore	1.19
33	Milwaukee	1.19
34	Virginia Beach	1.18
35	Orlando	1.17
36	New York	1.16
37	Columbus	1.16
38	Austin	1.16
39	Cleveland	1.16
40	Los Angeles	1.15
41	Detroit	1.14
42	Riverside	1.10
43	Nashville	1.09
44	Portland	1.09
45	Birmingham	1.08
46	Louisville	1.08
47	Jacksonville	1.04
48	Providence	0.85

Median Monthly Housing Costs
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25105)
1	San Jose	2,724
2	San Francisco	2,473
3	San Diego	2,153
4	Boston	2,006
5	Los Angeles	1,988
6	Washington, D.C.	1,985
7	Seattle	1,962
8	New York	1,861
9	Denver	1,799
10	Sacramento	1,755
11	Riverside	1,732
12	Austin	1,695
13	Portland	1,659
14	Miami	1,609
15	Baltimore	1,550
16	Dallas	1,540
17	Minneapolis	1,498
18	Salt Lake City	1,485
19	Orlando	1,481
20	Atlanta	1,474
21	Hartford	1,466
22	Phoenix	1,443
23	Las Vegas	1,442
24	Chicago	1,438
25	Raleigh	1,434
26	Philadelphia	1,433
27	Providence	1,424
28	Virginia Beach	1,420
29	Nashville	1,375
30	Houston	1,375
31	Jacksonville	1,351
32	Richmond	1,335
33	Tampa	1,327
34	San Antonio	1,282
35	Charlotte	1,280
United States		1,268
36	Columbus	1,246
37	Kansas City	1,217
38	Milwaukee	1,177
39	Indianapolis	1,135
40	New Orleans	1,133
41	Detroit	1,123
42	Memphis	1,120
43	Cincinnati	1,103
44	St. Louis	1,102
45	Oklahoma City	1,074
46	Louisville	1,073
47	Cleveland	1,038
48	Birmingham	1,032
49	Buffalo	1,016
50	Pittsburgh	973

Median Monthly Rent
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25064)
1	San Jose	2,601
2	San Francisco	2,300
3	San Diego	2,045
4	Los Angeles	1,887
5	Washington, D.C.	1,864
6	Boston	1,859
7	Seattle	1,848
8	Denver	1,749
9	Miami	1,712
10	Riverside	1,707
11	Sacramento	1,699
12	New York	1,685
13	Phoenix	1,616
14	Orlando	1,611
15	Austin	1,599
16	Portland	1,555
17	Atlanta	1,549
18	Las Vegas	1,485
19	Tampa	1,477
20	Dallas	1,467
21	Baltimore	1,461
22	Jacksonville	1,443
23	Salt Lake City	1,431
24	Raleigh	1,424
25	Nashville	1,413
26	Virginia Beach	1,365
27	Philadelphia	1,358
28	Charlotte	1,355
29	Minneapolis	1,355
30	Houston	1,317
United States		1,300
31	Richmond	1,298
32	Chicago	1,294
33	Hartford	1,268
34	San Antonio	1,263
35	Providence	1,201
36	Columbus	1,186
37	Kansas City	1,157
38	New Orleans	1,148
39	Memphis	1,132
40	Detroit	1,121
41	Indianapolis	1,092
42	Birmingham	1,082
43	Milwaukee	1,054
44	St. Louis	1,036
45	Louisville	1,029
46	Oklahoma City	1,027
47	Cincinnati	996
48	Buffalo	980
49	Cleveland	970
50	Pittsburgh	964

Housing Affordability
Median housing costs as a percent of median household income, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25105, B19013)
1	Miami	27.3
2	Los Angeles	27.2
3	San Diego	26.1
4	Riverside	25.1
5	Orlando	24.7
6	Las Vegas	24.4
7	New York	24.4
8	Sacramento	23.6
9	San Francisco	23.2
10	Boston	23.1
11	Tampa	23.0
12	Virginia Beach	22.9
13	Dallas	22.3
14	Portland	22.3
15	New Orleans	22.1
16	Houston	22.0
17	Seattle	22.0
18	San Jose	22.0
19	Denver	21.8
20	San Antonio	21.8
21	Austin	21.5
22	Memphis	21.0
23	Jacksonville	20.9
24	Providence	20.9
25	Phoenix	20.9
26	Atlanta	20.8
27	Chicago	20.8
28	Nashville	20.6
29	Baltimore	20.6
30	Hartford	20.5
31	Philadelphia	20.4
United States		20.4
32	Washington, D.C.	20.3
33	Milwaukee	19.9
34	Charlotte	19.9
35	Columbus	19.7
36	Richmond	19.7
37	Minneapolis	19.7
38	Oklahoma City	19.4
39	Kansas City	19.4
40	Salt Lake City	19.4
41	Cleveland	19.1
42	Detroit	18.9
43	Raleigh	18.6
44	Louisville	18.5
45	Birmingham	18.4
46	Indianapolis	18.0
47	Buffalo	17.7
48	St. Louis	17.7
49	Cincinnati	17.6
50	Pittsburgh	16.5

Housing Plus Transportation Affordability
Transportation and housing costs as a percent of median household income, 2015-2019
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
1	Miami	58
2	Riverside	57
3	Los Angeles	55
4	Orlando	54
5	Memphis	54
6	New Orleans	54
7	Tampa	53
8	San Diego	53
9	Las Vegas	51
10	Sacramento	51
11	Jacksonville	50
12	Birmingham	50
13	San Antonio	50
14	Phoenix	49
15	Oklahoma City	49
16	Cleveland	49
17	Louisville	48
18	Detroit	48
19	Houston	48
20	Charlotte	48
21	Virginia Beach	48
Peer Average		48
22	Philadelphia	47
23	Portland	47
24	Providence	47
25	Atlanta	47
26	Nashville	47
27	Buffalo	47
28	Milwaukee	47
29	Chicago	47
30	Dallas	47
31	New York	46
32	Richmond	46
33	St. Louis	46
34	Cincinnati	46
35	Austin	46
36	Columbus	46
37	Pittsburgh	46
38	Indianapolis	46
39	Kansas City	46
40	Hartford	45
41	Salt Lake City	45
42	Denver	44
43	Seattle	44
44	Boston	44
45	Raleigh	43
46	Baltimore	43
47	San Francisco	42
48	San Jose	42
49	Minneapolis	42
50	Washington, D.C.	39

St. Louis is one of the most racially segregated regions among the peers. The dissimilarity index is a standard measure of segregation. A score of 0 would mean a region is completely integrated and a score of 100 would mean a community is completely segregated. Black residents are much more likely to live in areas of concentrated poverty—where 40 percent or more of the residents live in poverty. See Where We Stand 7th Edition, Update 3 and Update 4 for further discussion.

Racial Segregation
Black-White segregation scores based on the dissimilarity index, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B03002)
1	Milwaukee	78.7
2	New York	75.3
3	Chicago	74.2
4	Cleveland	73.1
5	Detroit	72.1
6	St. Louis	70.6
7	Buffalo	69.3
8	Philadelphia	66.8
9	Cincinnati	66.4
10	Los Angeles	65.7
United States		65.6
11	Pittsburgh	64.8
12	Miami	64.6
13	Hartford	64.5
14	Boston	63.7
15	Indianapolis	63.6
16	Denver	63.3
17	Birmingham	62.9
18	Columbus	62.7
19	New Orleans	61.9
20	Baltimore	61.9
21	Washington, D.C.	61.1
22	Memphis	61.0
23	Atlanta	60.4
24	San Francisco	59.9
25	Houston	59.9
26	Louisville	57.8
27	Kansas City	57.7
28	Sacramento	57.7
29	Providence	56.2
30	Minneapolis	56.1
31	Salt Lake City	55.3
32	Dallas	54.8
33	Jacksonville	54.7
34	San Diego	54.2
35	Orlando	53.3
36	Tampa	53.2
37	Nashville	52.9
38	Seattle	52.6
39	Charlotte	52.6
40	Richmond	52.3
41	Oklahoma City	51.5
42	Portland	50.7
43	Phoenix	50.3
44	San Antonio	49.7
45	San Jose	49.7
46	Austin	48.5
47	Virginia Beach	48.2
48	Riverside	48.1
49	Raleigh	42.9
50	Las Vegas	42.3

Concentrated Poverty
Percent of poor residents living in census tracts with a poverty rate of 40% or more, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B17001)
1	Memphis	23.2
2	Milwaukee	20.9
3	Detroit	20.3
4	Cleveland	20.2
5	Buffalo	18.8
6	Cincinnati	17.9
7	New Orleans	17.1
8	Philadelphia	14.8
9	Birmingham	13.7
10	Louisville	13.5
11	New York	13.2
12	Columbus	13.2
13	Houston	10.9
14	Baltimore	9.1
United States		9.0
15	Hartford	8.9
16	Chicago	8.6
17	Indianapolis	8.5
18	Richmond	8.3
19	Jacksonville	8.2
20	St. Louis	8.2
21	Oklahoma City	8.1
22	Austin	7.5
23	Pittsburgh	7.1
24	Dallas	6.9
25	Minneapolis	6.9
26	San Antonio	6.2
27	Atlanta	5.7
28	Virginia Beach	5.6
29	Miami	5.3
30	Kansas City	4.6
31	Sacramento	4.5
32	Charlotte	4.1
33	Las Vegas	4.0
34	Nashville	3.9
35	Phoenix	3.9
36	Tampa	3.8
37	Los Angeles	3.4
38	Boston	3.4
39	San Diego	3.3
40	San Francisco	3.3
41	Orlando	3.2
42	Raleigh	2.8
43	Providence	2.5
44	Washington, D.C.	1.8
45	Seattle	1.7
46	Portland	1.2
47	Riverside	1.0
48	San Jose	0.6
49	Denver	0.3
50	Salt Lake City	0.2

Racial Disparity in Concentrated Poverty
Ratio of black to non-Hispanic white residents, 2018-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (B17001, B17001B, B17001H)
1	Nashville	24.36
2	Denver	19.03
3	St. Louis	15.39
4	Jacksonville	9.88
5	Chicago	9.00
6	Kansas City	8.71
7	Miami	8.62
8	Birmingham	7.24
9	Hartford	6.97
10	New Orleans	6.68
11	San Jose	6.41
12	Buffalo	6.34
13	Memphis	6.31
14	Baltimore	5.82
15	Virginia Beach	5.49
16	Cleveland	5.12
17	Tampa	4.90
18	Houston	4.63
19	Riverside	4.61
20	Louisville	4.57
21	Dallas	4.52
22	Milwaukee	4.42
23	San Antonio	4.06
24	Richmond	4.00
25	Phoenix	3.88
26	Philadelphia	3.73
27	Atlanta	3.73
28	Charlotte	3.69
29	Detroit	3.66
30	Providence	3.35
31	Boston	3.32
United States		3.01
32	Indianapolis	2.96
33	Pittsburgh	2.91
34	Cincinnati	2.89
35	Orlando	2.83
36	Las Vegas	2.77
37	Los Angeles	2.39
38	Oklahoma City	2.39
39	Washington, D.C.	2.15
40	Minneapolis	2.00
41	Columbus	1.79
42	New York	1.44
43	Seattle	1.07
44	Portland	0.89
45	Austin	0.79
46	San Diego	0.54
47	Sacramento	0.42
48	San Francisco	0.40
49	Raleigh	0.28
50	Salt Lake City	0.00

Transportation

The region’s transportation network provides assets important to the growth of St. Louis, including an extensive road network—serving residents, businesses, and freight—and low congestion relative to the peer regions. The region’s challenges in this section include relatively high crash fatalities and lack of access for non-auto commuters. For further discussion, see the performance indicators in the Connected Theme on OneSTL. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Roads
Congestion
Crash Fatalities
Transit
Access
Commute Mode

St. Louis has an extensive road network with a larger number of lane miles per square mile than the average for the peer regions. Residents in St. Louis drive more miles, on average, than their counterparts in most of the peer regions. The average vehicle miles traveled decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic and has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. The fourth table indicates St. Louis has a relatively large percentage of bridge deck area that is in poor or worse condition.

Road Network
Freeway lane miles per urbanized area square mile, 2022
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Kansas City	3.2
2	San Francisco	3.1
3	Los Angeles	3.1
4	San Jose	3.0
5	San Diego	2.8
6	St. Louis	2.7
7	Nashville	2.6
8	Dallas	2.5
9	Denver	2.4
10	San Antonio	2.4
11	Austin	2.2
12	Houston	2.2
13	Richmond	2.2
14	New York	2.1
15	Salt Lake City	2.1
16	Baltimore	2.1
17	Miami	2.1
18	Columbus	2.1
19	Sacramento	2.0
20	Phoenix	2.0
21	Cleveland	2.0
22	Oklahoma City	2.0
23	Minneapolis	2.0
24	Washington, D.C.	1.9
Peer Average		1.9
25	Birmingham	1.8
26	New Orleans	1.7
27	Buffalo	1.7
28	Seattle	1.7
29	Jacksonville	1.7
30	Riverside	1.7
31	Providence	1.7
32	Virginia Beach	1.6
33	Portland	1.6
34	Cincinnati	1.6
35	Hartford	1.6
36	Las Vegas	1.6
37	Orlando	1.6
38	Milwaukee	1.5
39	Memphis	1.5
40	Pittsburgh	1.5
41	Detroit	1.5
42	Indianapolis	1.5
43	Boston	1.4
44	Raleigh	1.4
45	Louisville	1.4
46	Philadelphia	1.3
47	Charlotte	1.3
48	Chicago	1.2
49	Atlanta	1.1
50	Tampa	1.0

Vehicle Miles Traveled
Average daily VMT per capita on freeways and arterials, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Nashville	26.6
2	Birmingham	24.2
3	Memphis	20.7
4	Kansas City	20.3
5	Richmond	20.2
6	Atlanta	19.8
7	St. Louis	19.5
8	Jacksonville	19.5
9	Raleigh	18.9
10	Charlotte	18.5
11	San Antonio	18.1
12	Oklahoma City	18.1
13	Houston	18.0
14	Dallas	17.7
15	Indianapolis	17.3
16	Cincinnati	16.9
17	Orlando	16.9
18	Hartford	16.5
19	Milwaukee	16.4
20	Minneapolis	16.3
21	Denver	16.2
22	Columbus	16.2
23	Virginia Beach	16.1
Peer Average		16.0
24	Riverside	16.0
25	Phoenix	15.9
26	Austin	15.9
27	Tampa	15.9
28	Salt Lake City	15.8
29	Detroit	15.7
30	San Diego	15.6
31	Los Angeles	15.4
32	Cleveland	15.3
33	Boston	15.3
34	Baltimore	15.1
35	Sacramento	14.3
36	Buffalo	13.7
37	Louisville	13.7
38	Miami	13.7
39	Washington, D.C.	13.5
40	Providence	13.4
41	Pittsburgh	13.2
42	Seattle	13.1
43	Chicago	12.2
44	Las Vegas	12.0
45	Philadelphia	12.0
46	San Francisco	11.9
47	San Jose	11.8
48	Portland	11.7
49	New Orleans	11.1
50	New York	9.0

Change in Vehicle Miles Traveled
Percent change in average daily VMT per capita, 2000-2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Raleigh	39.3
2	Nashville	11.1
3	Buffalo	6.9
4	Memphis	6.6
5	Charlotte	5.1
6	Birmingham	1.3
7	Tampa	0.6
8	Salt Lake City	-2.1
9	San Antonio	-2.2
10	Cleveland	-2.6
11	Milwaukee	-3.5
12	Cincinnati	-5.1
13	Las Vegas	-6.6
14	Phoenix	-7.3
15	St. Louis	-8.2
16	Jacksonville	-8.4
17	Richmond	-9.5
18	Riverside	-9.6
19	Boston	-9.7
20	Kansas City	-9.8
21	Austin	-10.8
22	New Orleans	-12.2
23	Miami	-12.2
24	Philadelphia	-12.3
25	Atlanta	-12.8
Peer Average		-12.9
26	Virginia Beach	-13.1
27	Hartford	-13.4
28	Sacramento	-14.0
29	Baltimore	-15.3
30	Columbus	-15.6
31	Denver	-16.3
32	Houston	-16.8
33	New York	-16.9
34	Pittsburgh	-17.6
35	Detroit	-19.0
36	Chicago	-19.2
37	Providence	-20.2
38	Minneapolis	-20.3
39	San Diego	-20.6
40	Orlando	-20.9
41	San Francisco	-21.0
42	Dallas	-23.5
43	Washington, D.C.	-24.6
44	Los Angeles	-24.9
45	Portland	-25.0
46	Indianapolis	-25.1
47	Oklahoma City	-26.4
48	Seattle	-33.5
49	Louisville	-37.6
50	San Jose	-40.7

Deficient Bridges
Percent of total bridge deck area, 2019
Source: FHWA, National Bridge Inventory
1	Providence	19.0
2	San Francisco	14.7
3	New York	12.6
4	Boston	12.4
5	Chicago	12.2
6	San Jose	11.4
7	New Orleans	10.9
8	Hartford	10.6
9	Birmingham	9.0
10	Detroit	8.9
11	St. Louis	8.8
12	Louisville	8.5
13	Philadelphia	7.5
14	Buffalo	7.5
15	Charlotte	6.4
16	Cleveland	6.4
17	Oklahoma City	6.3
18	Pittsburgh	6.0
19	Kansas City	6.0
20	Virginia Beach	6.0
United States		5.9
21	Seattle	5.6
22	Denver	5.5
23	Riverside	5.3
24	Nashville	5.0
25	Richmond	4.8
26	Raleigh	4.7
27	Milwaukee	4.6
28	Baltimore	4.6
29	Memphis	4.5
30	Los Angeles	4.3
31	Indianapolis	3.7
32	Minneapolis	3.7
33	Portland	3.6
34	San Diego	3.4
35	Cincinnati	3.4
36	Washington, D.C.	3.2
37	Columbus	3.0
38	Sacramento	3.0
39	Dallas	2.0
40	Miami	1.5
41	Atlanta	1.4
42	Jacksonville	0.9
43	Houston	0.9
44	Orlando	0.7
45	Salt Lake City	0.7
46	Las Vegas	0.5
47	Tampa	0.5
48	Phoenix	0.4
49	San Antonio	0.4
50	Austin	0.1

The metrics in this section reflect traffic congestion, the efficiency of the system and freight movement, and protecting the environment. Typically, all of the measures indicate St. Louis has relatively little congestion compared to the peer regions. The data for 2020 show a bit of a different story, but it is too soon to know if this is a change in the trend or a reflection of what happened in one year. The last four tables in this section are measures the state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and transit agencies are required to track, according to federal transportation legislation. The truck travel time reliability is a metric that lacks an intuitive interpretation, but it indicates the region’s highway system is more reliable for moving freight than many of the peers. See Where We Stand 8th Edition, Update 7 for further discussion.

Annual Delay per Auto Traveler
Average hours lost due to congestion per auto traveler, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	New York	56
2	Boston	50
3	Houston	49
4	San Francisco	46
5	Los Angeles	46
6	Washington, D.C.	42
7	Austin	41
8	Dallas	40
9	Chicago	39
10	Sacramento	38
11	Philadelphia	37
12	Atlanta	37
13	Detroit	35
14	Oklahoma City	35
15	Kansas City	34
16	St. Louis	33
17	Providence	33
18	San Antonio	32
19	Minneapolis	32
20	Seattle	31
21	San Jose	31
22	Portland	31
23	Hartford	31
Peer Average		31
24	Buffalo	29
25	Milwaukee	29
26	Cleveland	29
27	Nashville	28
28	Memphis	28
29	Columbus	27
30	Baltimore	27
31	Miami	27
32	Salt Lake City	26
33	Denver	26
34	Indianapolis	26
35	Cincinnati	26
36	New Orleans	26
37	Riverside	25
38	Pittsburgh	25
39	Phoenix	25
40	Richmond	24
41	San Diego	24
42	Charlotte	24
43	Birmingham	23
44	Orlando	22
45	Louisville	22
46	Virginia Beach	22
47	Jacksonville	21
48	Las Vegas	18
49	Tampa	18
50	Raleigh	17

Change in Annual Delay per Auto Traveler
Change in average hours lost due to congestion per auto traveler, 2010-2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Richmond	-4.0
2	Kansas City	-6.0
3	Houston	-6.0
4	Oklahoma City	-8.0
5	Providence	-8.0
6	Austin	-8.0
7	Sacramento	-8.0
8	San Antonio	-10.0
9	St. Louis	-10.0
10	Salt Lake City	-10.0
11	Dallas	-10.0
12	Cleveland	-10.0
13	Milwaukee	-11.0
14	Buffalo	-12.0
15	Birmingham	-12.0
16	Memphis	-12.0
17	Philadelphia	-13.0
18	Pittsburgh	-14.0
19	Columbus	-14.0
20	Cincinnati	-15.0
21	Louisville	-15.0
22	Boston	-15.0
23	Minneapolis	-15.0
24	Hartford	-15.0
25	Virginia Beach	-16.0
26	Indianapolis	-16.0
27	Detroit	-16.0
28	Raleigh	-17.0
29	Nashville	-18.0
Peer Average		-18.7
30	New Orleans	-19.0
31	Jacksonville	-20.0
32	Chicago	-20.0
33	Portland	-20.0
34	Baltimore	-20.0
35	Charlotte	-21.0
36	New York	-22.0
37	Atlanta	-23.0
38	Tampa	-24.0
39	Denver	-24.0
40	Phoenix	-25.0
41	Orlando	-26.0
42	Las Vegas	-26.0
43	Miami	-28.0
44	San Diego	-30.0
45	San Jose	-32.0
46	Riverside	-33.0
47	Seattle	-33.0
48	San Francisco	-44.0
49	Washington, D.C.	-48.0
50	Los Angeles	-51.0

Travel Time Index
Ratio of peak period travel time to free-flow travel time, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	New York	1.17
2	Los Angeles	1.16
3	San Francisco	1.16
4	Houston	1.15
5	Austin	1.13
6	Providence	1.13
7	Washington, D.C.	1.12
8	Detroit	1.12
9	Oklahoma City	1.12
10	Philadelphia	1.12
11	Dallas	1.12
12	San Antonio	1.12
13	San Jose	1.12
14	Boston	1.12
15	Miami	1.11
16	Sacramento	1.11
17	New Orleans	1.11
18	Seattle	1.11
19	Minneapolis	1.11
20	Portland	1.10
21	San Diego	1.10
22	Atlanta	1.10
23	Chicago	1.10
24	Kansas City	1.10
Peer Average		1.09
25	Denver	1.09
26	Memphis	1.08
27	St. Louis	1.08
28	Cleveland	1.08
29	Riverside	1.08
30	Columbus	1.08
31	Pittsburgh	1.08
32	Phoenix	1.08
33	Buffalo	1.08
34	Tampa	1.08
35	Hartford	1.07
36	Orlando	1.07
37	Milwaukee	1.07
38	Richmond	1.07
39	Baltimore	1.07
40	Las Vegas	1.07
41	Virginia Beach	1.06
42	Nashville	1.06
43	Charlotte	1.06
44	Cincinnati	1.06
45	Salt Lake City	1.06
46	Indianapolis	1.06
47	Jacksonville	1.06
48	Birmingham	1.05
49	Louisville	1.05
50	Raleigh	1.05

Commuter Stress Index
Congestion experienced by travelers in peak direction at peak times, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Los Angeles	1.21
2	New York	1.21
3	San Francisco	1.18
4	Houston	1.16
5	Providence	1.15
6	Washington, D.C.	1.14
7	Austin	1.14
8	Dallas	1.14
9	Sacramento	1.13
10	San Antonio	1.13
11	Detroit	1.13
12	Philadelphia	1.13
13	Oklahoma City	1.13
14	Boston	1.13
15	Miami	1.12
16	San Jose	1.12
17	Seattle	1.12
18	Minneapolis	1.12
19	Portland	1.11
20	San Diego	1.11
21	New Orleans	1.11
22	Atlanta	1.11
23	Chicago	1.11
24	Kansas City	1.11
Peer Average		1.11
25	Denver	1.10
26	Phoenix	1.09
27	Riverside	1.09
28	Buffalo	1.09
29	Baltimore	1.09
30	Jacksonville	1.09
31	Tampa	1.09
32	Cleveland	1.09
33	Hartford	1.09
34	Pittsburgh	1.09
35	Columbus	1.09
36	Memphis	1.08
37	Richmond	1.08
38	St. Louis	1.08
39	Orlando	1.08
40	Virginia Beach	1.07
41	Charlotte	1.07
42	Nashville	1.07
43	Cincinnati	1.07
44	Salt Lake City	1.07
45	Milwaukee	1.07
46	Indianapolis	1.07
47	Las Vegas	1.07
48	Birmingham	1.06
49	Louisville	1.06
50	Raleigh	1.05

Congestion Costs
Average annual costs per auto traveler, in 2020 dollars, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	New York	1,322
2	San Francisco	1,301
3	Los Angeles	1,142
4	Boston	1,103
5	Houston	1,097
6	Austin	945
7	Washington, D.C.	905
8	Atlanta	869
9	Chicago	852
10	Dallas	848
11	Sacramento	800
12	Philadelphia	789
13	St. Louis	719
14	San Jose	712
15	Detroit	710
16	Kansas City	694
17	Portland	690
18	Cleveland	686
19	Seattle	685
20	San Antonio	682
Peer Average		672
21	San Diego	665
22	Nashville	659
23	Oklahoma City	656
24	Buffalo	649
25	Columbus	645
26	Providence	630
27	Minneapolis	620
28	Cincinnati	608
29	Miami	608
30	Hartford	606
31	Milwaukee	602
32	New Orleans	597
33	Charlotte	585
34	Pittsburgh	552
35	Baltimore	549
36	Denver	545
37	Salt Lake City	544
38	Birmingham	521
39	Riverside	511
40	Phoenix	489
41	Indianapolis	487
42	Richmond	482
43	Orlando	471
44	Jacksonville	448
45	Memphis	427
46	Tampa	401
47	Virginia Beach	399
48	Louisville	386
49	Las Vegas	363
50	Raleigh	361

Truck Congestion Costs
Average annual costs per 1,000 vehicle miles traveled, in millions of dollars, 2020
Source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report Data is for urbanized areas.
1	San Francisco	8.6
2	New Orleans	8.3
3	New York	7.6
4	San Jose	6.2
5	Oklahoma City	5.4
6	Chicago	5.3
7	Portland	4.8
8	Houston	4.3
9	Austin	4.3
10	St. Louis	4.2
11	Kansas City	4.2
12	Detroit	4.0
13	Los Angeles	3.9
14	Philadelphia	3.8
15	Boston	3.8
16	Cleveland	3.4
17	Memphis	3.4
Peer Average		3.4
18	Sacramento	3.3
19	San Antonio	3.3
20	Seattle	3.2
21	Milwaukee	3.2
22	Dallas	3.2
23	Louisville	3.1
24	Buffalo	3.1
25	Hartford	3.0
26	Washington, D.C.	3.0
27	Indianapolis	2.9
28	Nashville	2.9
29	Providence	2.9
30	Columbus	2.9
31	Baltimore	2.8
32	Riverside	2.7
33	Pittsburgh	2.7
34	Salt Lake City	2.6
35	Denver	2.5
36	Minneapolis	2.5
37	Atlanta	2.5
38	Miami	2.5
39	Phoenix	2.4
40	Cincinnati	2.3
41	San Diego	2.1
42	Orlando	2.1
43	Las Vegas	2.1
44	Charlotte	2.0
45	Birmingham	1.8
46	Richmond	1.7
47	Tampa	1.7
48	Virginia Beach	1.6
49	Jacksonville	1.3
50	Raleigh	1.1

Peak Hour Excessive Delay
Hours per capita spent on roads with more than normal delay during evening rush hour (3-7 p.m.), 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Los Angeles	32.7
2	Nashville	21.0
3	New York	20.6
4	Seattle	18.9
5	San Francisco	18.3
6	Riverside	16.6
7	Atlanta	14.4
8	Baltimore	13.9
9	San Jose	13.7
10	Houston	13.5
11	Philadelphia	13.1
12	Washington, D.C.	13.1
13	Chicago	12.1
14	San Diego	11.9
15	Denver	11.7
16	Dallas	11.4
17	Austin	11.3
18	San Antonio	10.6
Peer Average		10.3
19	Charlotte	10.0
20	Detroit	9.8
21	Pittsburgh	9.3
22	Las Vegas	9.1
23	Memphis	9.1
24	Sacramento	9.0
25	Louisville	8.4
26	Miami	8.3
27	Buffalo	8.1
28	Portland	7.8
29	Orlando	7.4
30	Cincinnati	6.8
31	Providence	6.7
32	St. Louis	6.6
33	Tampa	6.5
34	Hartford	5.7
35	Virginia Beach	5.2
36	Cleveland	5.0
37	Raleigh	5.0
38	Jacksonville	4.7
39	Phoenix	4.2
40	Columbus	3.6
41	Kansas City	3.5
42	Minneapolis	3.2
43	Indianapolis	3.0

Interstate Travel Time Reliability
Percent of person-miles traveled on interstates that are reliable, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Cleveland	98.9
2	Memphis	98.7
3	Richmond	98.7
4	Buffalo	98.6
5	St. Louis	98.0
6	Columbus	97.3
7	Kansas City	97.0
8	Louisville	96.9
9	Birmingham	96.5
10	Raleigh	96.2
11	Salt Lake City	94.8
12	Hartford	94.6
13	Pittsburgh	94.5
14	Detroit	93.5
15	Jacksonville	92.0
16	Minneapolis	90.9
17	Cincinnati	90.6
18	Charlotte	90.6
19	Sacramento	90.1
20	Providence	89.8
21	Virginia Beach	89.2
22	Baltimore	87.6
23	Milwaukee	87.6
24	Indianapolis	87.5
25	Oklahoma City	85.2
26	Nashville	84.3
27	San Jose	84.2
Peer Average		83.4
28	Miami	80.1
29	San Diego	79.9
30	Philadelphia	79.8
31	San Antonio	79.2
32	New York	78.6
33	New Orleans	77.9
34	Boston	77.4
35	Houston	75.9
36	Las Vegas	75.7
37	Riverside	75.4
38	Tampa	75.3
39	Chicago	74.4
40	Dallas	74.2
41	San Francisco	73.0
42	Washington, D.C.	70.7
43	Atlanta	70.6
44	Portland	69.3
45	Austin	68.8
46	Denver	68.8
47	Seattle	65.4
48	Orlando	63.3
49	Phoenix	59.5
50	Los Angeles	53.0

Non-Interstate Travel Time Reliability
Percent of person-miles traveled on non-interstates that are reliable, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Oklahoma City	97.7
2	Miami	97.6
3	Raleigh	96.0
4	Orlando	95.9
5	Buffalo	95.8
6	Tampa	94.7
7	Memphis	94.7
8	Indianapolis	94.7
9	Minneapolis	94.6
10	Jacksonville	94.4
11	Kansas City	94.1
12	Denver	93.9
13	Virginia Beach	93.8
14	Chicago	93.5
15	Hartford	93.3
16	Columbus	93.2
17	Detroit	93.0
18	Cleveland	93.0
19	St. Louis	92.9
20	Las Vegas	92.8
21	Philadelphia	92.8
22	Providence	92.0
23	Milwaukee	91.9
24	Pittsburgh	91.8
25	Cincinnati	90.7
26	Washington, D.C.	90.7
27	Baltimore	90.4
28	Nashville	89.6
Peer Average		89.5
29	Austin	89.0
30	Phoenix	88.5
31	Atlanta	88.4
32	Salt Lake City	88.3
33	Sacramento	88.0
34	Houston	87.3
35	Portland	86.3
36	Charlotte	85.8
37	New Orleans	85.6
38	Louisville	85.5
39	Birmingham	85.4
40	Boston	84.8
41	Richmond	84.6
42	Dallas	84.1
43	San Jose	83.9
44	New York	83.6
45	San Francisco	82.7
46	San Diego	82.4
47	Seattle	82.1
48	San Antonio	78.5
49	Riverside	76.9
50	Los Angeles	76.0

Truck Travel Time Reliability Index
2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, National Performance Management Research Data Set Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Seattle	2.47
2	Washington, D.C.	2.43
3	Los Angeles	2.37
4	Orlando	2.36
5	Phoenix	2.28
6	Portland	2.19
7	Atlanta	2.17
8	Houston	2.13
9	New York	2.06
10	Riverside	2.05
11	Dallas	2.04
12	New Orleans	2.04
13	San Francisco	2.03
14	Miami	1.99
15	San Diego	1.97
16	Denver	1.94
17	Austin	1.90
18	Virginia Beach	1.87
19	Boston	1.85
20	Memphis	1.85
21	Chicago	1.84
22	Philadelphia	1.76
Peer Average		1.76
23	Oklahoma City	1.75
24	San Jose	1.74
25	Tampa	1.70
26	San Antonio	1.68
27	Las Vegas	1.68
28	Baltimore	1.68
29	Sacramento	1.66
30	Nashville	1.65
31	Cincinnati	1.61
32	Louisville	1.58
33	Providence	1.57
34	Detroit	1.54
35	Milwaukee	1.53
36	Indianapolis	1.52
37	Charlotte	1.52
38	Minneapolis	1.51
39	Jacksonville	1.50
40	Birmingham	1.48
41	Salt Lake City	1.44
42	Raleigh	1.42
43	Hartford	1.40
44	Pittsburgh	1.39
45	Kansas City	1.36
46	St. Louis	1.33
47	Columbus	1.28
48	Richmond	1.26
49	Buffalo	1.24
50	Cleveland	1.23

Each year, thousands of people die in motor vehicle crashes in the United States. Based on data for urbanized areas, St. Louis is about average for overall crash fatality rates among the peers. The region’s fatality rates for crashes associated with speed and associated with alcohol are particularly high relative to the peers. The region is closer to the national average on crash fatalities associated with distracted driving. See Where We Stand 7th Edition, Update 9 for further discussion. See Where We Stand 7th Edition Update, 9 for further discussion.

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Memphis	2.09
2	Tampa	1.78
3	Miami	1.63
4	Louisville	1.54
5	Sacramento	1.46
6	Jacksonville	1.43
7	Riverside	1.43
8	New Orleans	1.33
9	Virginia Beach	1.29
10	Phoenix	1.24
11	Orlando	1.24
12	Las Vegas	1.18
13	Houston	1.17
14	Oklahoma City	1.12
15	San Antonio	1.12
16	Chicago	1.11
17	Hartford	1.11
18	Philadelphia	1.10
19	Dallas	1.08
20	Atlanta	1.07
21	St. Louis	1.06
Peer Average		1.04
22	Columbus	1.04
23	San Diego	1.04
24	Richmond	1.00
25	Detroit	1.00
26	Los Angeles	0.99
27	Austin	0.99
28	Indianapolis	0.96
29	Denver	0.94
30	Portland	0.92
31	Seattle	0.92
32	Cleveland	0.91
33	Kansas City	0.90
34	Buffalo	0.90
35	New York	0.88
36	Charlotte	0.88
37	Baltimore	0.87
38	Nashville	0.84
39	Birmingham	0.84
40	Milwaukee	0.82
41	Washington, D.C.	0.81
42	San Jose	0.78
43	Cincinnati	0.77
44	Salt Lake City	0.76
45	Pittsburgh	0.75
46	Providence	0.72
47	San Francisco	0.69
48	Minneapolis	0.63
49	Boston	0.59
50	Raleigh	0.58

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Speed
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Riverside	0.58
2	Sacramento	0.52
3	Virginia Beach	0.51
4	St. Louis	0.49
5	Dallas	0.46
6	Chicago	0.46
7	Phoenix	0.44
8	Los Angeles	0.42
9	Houston	0.40
10	Memphis	0.39
11	Kansas City	0.39
12	Las Vegas	0.37
13	Cleveland	0.36
14	Austin	0.36
15	San Antonio	0.36
16	Milwaukee	0.36
17	Hartford	0.36
18	Philadelphia	0.35
19	Louisville	0.34
20	San Diego	0.33
21	Charlotte	0.32
Peer Average		0.32
22	New Orleans	0.31
23	Richmond	0.31
24	Indianapolis	0.30
25	Detroit	0.30
26	Buffalo	0.29
27	Washington, D.C.	0.29
28	Baltimore	0.28
29	Minneapolis	0.27
30	San Jose	0.27
31	San Francisco	0.27
32	Seattle	0.27
33	Salt Lake City	0.26
34	Denver	0.26
35	Oklahoma City	0.26
36	New York	0.25
37	Providence	0.25
38	Portland	0.25
39	Columbus	0.24
40	Atlanta	0.24
41	Raleigh	0.23
42	Miami	0.22
43	Pittsburgh	0.22
44	Tampa	0.21
45	Cincinnati	0.18
46	Nashville	0.18
47	Birmingham	0.16
48	Boston	0.16
49	Jacksonville	0.10
50	Orlando	0.07

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Distracted Drivers
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Chicago	0.28
2	Orlando	0.22
3	San Antonio	0.22
4	Tampa	0.18
5	Louisville	0.18
6	Virginia Beach	0.16
7	New Orleans	0.16
8	Memphis	0.15
9	Seattle	0.13
10	New York	0.13
11	Oklahoma City	0.13
12	Austin	0.12
13	Richmond	0.12
14	Buffalo	0.10
15	St. Louis	0.10
16	Phoenix	0.09
17	Miami	0.09
Peer Average		0.08
18	Philadelphia	0.08
19	Denver	0.07
20	Cincinnati	0.07
21	Washington, D.C.	0.07
22	Dallas	0.07
23	Charlotte	0.06
24	Salt Lake City	0.06
25	Indianapolis	0.06
26	Birmingham	0.06
27	Portland	0.05
28	Hartford	0.05
29	San Jose	0.05
30	Raleigh	0.05
31	Kansas City	0.05
32	Boston	0.05
33	Cleveland	0.04
34	Riverside	0.04
35	Houston	0.04
36	Providence	0.04
37	San Diego	0.04
38	Sacramento	0.04
39	Jacksonville	0.04
40	Pittsburgh	0.04
41	Minneapolis	0.03
42	Detroit	0.03
43	Baltimore	0.03
44	Columbus	0.03
45	Nashville	0.03
46	Atlanta	0.03
47	Los Angeles	0.02
48	San Francisco	0.02
49	Las Vegas	0.01
50	Milwaukee	0.01

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Associated with Alcohol
Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, 2021
Source: Federal Highway Administration, FARS database Data is for urbanized areas.
1	Louisville	0.44
2	Memphis	0.44
3	Jacksonville	0.43
4	St. Louis	0.41
5	Las Vegas	0.37
6	New Orleans	0.37
7	Virginia Beach	0.36
8	Houston	0.35
9	San Antonio	0.34
10	Hartford	0.33
11	Cleveland	0.32
12	Tampa	0.31
13	Sacramento	0.30
14	Columbus	0.29
15	Denver	0.29
16	Providence	0.27
17	Baltimore	0.26
18	Charlotte	0.26
19	Kansas City	0.26
20	Dallas	0.25
21	Austin	0.24
22	Indianapolis	0.23
23	Cincinnati	0.22
24	Orlando	0.20
Peer Average		0.20
25	Richmond	0.20
26	Portland	0.20
27	Oklahoma City	0.19
28	Seattle	0.19
29	Philadelphia	0.19
30	Detroit	0.19
31	Riverside	0.18
32	Boston	0.18
33	Washington, D.C.	0.18
34	Chicago	0.17
35	San Jose	0.16
36	Nashville	0.15
37	Minneapolis	0.15
38	Phoenix	0.14
39	Atlanta	0.14
40	Salt Lake City	0.13
41	New York	0.12
42	San Francisco	0.11
43	Miami	0.11
44	San Diego	0.11
45	Los Angeles	0.11
46	Pittsburgh	0.09
47	Buffalo	0.09
48	Raleigh	0.07
49	Birmingham	0.07
50	Milwaukee	0.02

The St. Louis transit system ranks about in the middle among the peers for total ridership, the utility of the system, and the amount of funding spent on the system. Regions with more extensive transit systems tend to be more densely populated. The range among the peer regions is considerable on these metrics. For further discussion, see the Transit Ridership performance indicator on OneSTL.

Transit Ridership
Annual transit boardings per capita, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	New York	144.2
2	San Francisco	53.6
3	Boston	47.5
4	Seattle	36.7
5	Washington, D.C.	36.7
Peer Average		35.1
6	Chicago	33.0
7	Philadelphia	32.7
8	Los Angeles	29.0
9	Portland	26.8
10	Salt Lake City	26.7
11	Baltimore	23.8
12	Denver	22.9
13	San Diego	21.0
14	Pittsburgh	19.3
15	Las Vegas	19.2
16	Minneapolis	15.7
17	Milwaukee	15.2
18	Miami	14.6
19	New Orleans	14.4
20	Buffalo	13.9
21	San Antonio	12.6
22	Hartford	12.3
23	Cleveland	11.5
24	Austin	11.3
25	Atlanta	10.6
26	Houston	9.9
27	San Jose	9.7
28	Charlotte	9.5
29	Orlando	9.5
30	St. Louis	9.1
31	Phoenix	9.0
32	Richmond	8.5
33	Dallas	8.3
34	Providence	8.0
35	Kansas City	7.5
36	Cincinnati	7.5
37	Tampa	7.4
38	Sacramento	6.7
39	Columbus	6.6
40	Raleigh	6.6
41	Nashville	5.7
42	Louisville	5.6
43	Jacksonville	4.9
44	Virginia Beach	4.5
45	Riverside	4.2
46	Detroit	3.7
47	Indianapolis	3.6
48	Memphis	2.8
49	Oklahoma City	2.7
50	Birmingham	2.4

Change in Transit Ridership
Percent change in annual transit boardings, 2019-2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	Richmond	-7.5
2	Kansas City	-19.7
3	Oklahoma City	-20.6
4	Raleigh	-24.0
5	Tampa	-26.6
6	New Orleans	-27.3
7	Cincinnati	-28.7
8	Miami	-28.9
9	Salt Lake City	-29.4
10	Orlando	-33.6
11	San Diego	-33.9
12	Austin	-34.3
13	Los Angeles	-34.6
14	New York	-34.7
15	Hartford	-35.6
16	Las Vegas	-35.9
17	Houston	-36.3
18	Nashville	-36.4
19	Milwaukee	-36.8
20	Dallas	-38.2
21	Indianapolis	-38.8
Peer Average		-40.0
22	Cleveland	-40.3
23	San Antonio	-40.9
24	Providence	-41.1
25	Denver	-41.8
26	Seattle	-42.3
27	Philadelphia	-43.6
28	Boston	-44.7
29	Birmingham	-45.0
30	Buffalo	-45.1
31	Sacramento	-45.8
32	Baltimore	-46.0
33	Columbus	-46.8
34	Charlotte	-47.2
35	Jacksonville	-47.4
36	Chicago	-48.3
37	Portland	-48.8
38	St. Louis	-49.2
39	Pittsburgh	-49.5
40	Minneapolis	-50.0
41	Phoenix	-50.5
42	San Jose	-51.3
43	Virginia Beach	-51.5
44	Riverside	-52.4
45	Washington, D.C.	-53.7
46	Louisville	-53.8
47	Memphis	-54.0
48	Atlanta	-56.5
49	San Francisco	-58.0
50	Detroit	-60.4

Change in Transit Ridership
Percent change in annual transit boardings, 2021-2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	San Francisco	70.9
2	Washington, D.C.	69.4
3	Boston	67.0
4	Philadelphia	61.4
5	Raleigh	55.2
6	New Orleans	50.3
7	San Jose	47.3
8	Nashville	45.6
9	San Diego	44.6
10	Charlotte	43.1
11	Pittsburgh	42.4
12	Sacramento	40.9
13	Los Angeles	33.8
Peer Average		33.8
14	New York	33.6
15	Seattle	33.5
16	Salt Lake City	31.2
17	Riverside	30.8
18	Houston	27.5
19	Chicago	26.1
20	Denver	25.6
21	Portland	23.6
22	Minneapolis	23.2
23	Las Vegas	22.9
24	Providence	22.2
25	Austin	21.5
26	Baltimore	20.2
27	Cleveland	20.2
28	Orlando	19.3
29	Oklahoma City	17.7
30	Milwaukee	17.6
31	Kansas City	17.3
32	Dallas	17.2
33	Buffalo	16.2
34	Miami	15.6
35	Detroit	14.6
36	Louisville	13.4
37	Columbus	12.7
38	Indianapolis	10.9
39	Birmingham	10.6
40	Atlanta	10.4
41	Hartford	10.4
42	Richmond	10.1
43	St. Louis	7.1
44	Cincinnati	6.6
45	San Antonio	4.7
46	Jacksonville	3.2
47	Memphis	1.4
48	Virginia Beach	-1.2
49	Tampa	-4.0
50	Phoenix	-30.7

Transit Utility
Ratio of annual passenger miles traveled per square mile of urbanized land area, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	New York	4,435,759
2	San Francisco	2,054,293
3	Los Angeles	922,432
4	Salt Lake City	817,160
5	Seattle	766,160
6	Chicago	710,556
7	Washington, D.C.	672,071
Peer Average		621,556
8	San Diego	615,043
9	Denver	570,175
10	Boston	532,121
11	Baltimore	464,310
12	Philadelphia	443,795
13	Portland	434,995
14	Miami	430,311
15	Las Vegas	382,402
16	San Jose	327,420
17	Minneapolis	211,300
18	Houston	203,988
19	San Antonio	200,034
20	Austin	173,966
21	New Orleans	172,253
22	Dallas	168,385
23	Orlando	167,651
24	Phoenix	156,793
25	Milwaukee	154,485
26	Pittsburgh	150,178
27	Sacramento	139,303
28	Hartford	138,615
29	Atlanta	134,973
30	Cleveland	134,850
31	St. Louis	131,275
32	Buffalo	123,411
33	Tampa	116,672
34	Riverside	115,544
35	Providence	105,287
36	Charlotte	93,238
37	Cincinnati	87,378
38	Columbus	87,308
39	Richmond	85,266
40	Virginia Beach	72,957
41	Detroit	72,417
42	Nashville	64,441
43	Kansas City	62,923
44	Jacksonville	58,738
45	Louisville	53,901
46	Indianapolis	46,018
47	Raleigh	42,369
48	Memphis	31,943
49	Oklahoma City	29,795
50	Birmingham	24,442

Transit Expenditures
Annual operating expenses per capita, in dollars, 2022
Source: Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database
1	New York	870
2	San Francisco	730
3	Washington, D.C.	532
4	Seattle	511
5	Baltimore	411
6	Boston	409
7	Salt Lake City	357
8	Chicago	312
Peer Average		299
9	Portland	291
10	Pittsburgh	279
11	Philadelphia	276
12	Los Angeles	254
13	Denver	248
14	San Jose	231
15	Hartford	209
16	Minneapolis	200
17	New Orleans	169
18	Miami	169
19	Austin	158
20	Cleveland	153
21	Buffalo	146
22	San Diego	142
23	St. Louis	137
24	Charlotte	136
25	Sacramento	134
26	Milwaukee	132
27	Dallas	123
28	Atlanta	119
29	Houston	115
30	Orlando	114
31	Las Vegas	114
32	San Antonio	112
33	Jacksonville	102
34	Phoenix	101
35	Providence	99
36	Cincinnati	99
37	Louisville	94
38	Columbus	94
39	Tampa	76
40	Kansas City	76
41	Nashville	71
42	Virginia Beach	70
43	Riverside	70
44	Indianapolis	67
45	Richmond	62
46	Detroit	61
47	Raleigh	57
48	Memphis	57
49	Birmingham	45
50	Oklahoma City	37

The measures in this section indicate that St. Louis is about average with respect to how efficiently people can reach destinations when considering time, distance, and cost. The region has shorter than average commute times, a higher Walk Score for the city of St. Louis than is average among the largest cities of the peer regions, and below average number of flight departures. Residents in St. Louis who do not have access to a vehicle are limited in the destinations they can reach. Black households are far more likely to have this barrier. For further discussion see the Employment Transit Access and the Residential Transit Access performance indicators on OneSTL.

No-Vehicle Households
Households without access to a vehicle as a percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B25045)
1	New York	30.5
2	Chicago	12.6
3	Boston	12.5
4	Philadelphia	12.3
5	San Francisco	11.8
6	Buffalo	11.5
7	Washington, D.C.	10.3
8	Baltimore	10.1
9	Hartford	9.7
10	Providence	9.7
11	Pittsburgh	9.6
12	Milwaukee	9.5
13	New Orleans	9.1
14	Cleveland	9.0
15	Seattle	8.7
United States		8.3
16	Miami	8.1
17	Portland	7.9
18	Memphis	7.9
19	Detroit	7.8
20	Los Angeles	7.7
21	Las Vegas	7.7
22	St. Louis	7.5
23	Minneapolis	7.0
24	Cincinnati	6.9
25	Louisville	6.8
26	San Jose	6.3
27	Columbus	6.3
28	Richmond	6.2
29	Indianapolis	6.1
30	Virginia Beach	6.1
31	Kansas City	6.0
32	Houston	5.9
33	Denver	5.9
34	Sacramento	5.8
35	San Antonio	5.7
36	Tampa	5.7
37	Jacksonville	5.4
38	Orlando	5.4
39	Atlanta	5.3
40	Oklahoma City	5.2
41	San Diego	5.1
42	Birmingham	5.1
43	Austin	4.8
44	Dallas	4.8
45	Phoenix	4.7
46	Salt Lake City	4.7
47	Charlotte	4.3
48	Riverside	4.3
49	Raleigh	4.1
50	Nashville	4.0

Racial Disparity in No-Vehicle Households
Ratio of non-Hispanic Black to non-Hispanic White, percent of households without access to a vehicle, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Cincinnati	4.52
2	Hartford	4.15
3	St. Louis	4.02
4	Pittsburgh	3.92
5	Buffalo	3.89
6	Minneapolis	3.81
7	Denver	3.59
8	Milwaukee	3.58
9	Louisville	3.54
10	Indianapolis	3.50
11	Charlotte	3.46
12	Detroit	3.42
13	Cleveland	3.37
14	Baltimore	3.37
15	Nashville	3.34
16	Virginia Beach	3.33
17	Memphis	3.33
18	New Orleans	3.30
19	Philadelphia	3.29
20	Kansas City	3.29
21	Jacksonville	3.26
22	Richmond	3.00
23	Birmingham	2.97
24	Orlando	2.94
25	Boston	2.88
26	Dallas	2.83
27	Chicago	2.77
28	Columbus	2.72
United States		2.72
29	Atlanta	2.65
30	San Antonio	2.64
31	Oklahoma City	2.61
32	Houston	2.54
33	Portland	2.54
34	Las Vegas	2.48
35	Phoenix	2.46
36	Raleigh	2.44
37	Seattle	2.40
38	Los Angeles	2.39
39	Riverside	2.38
40	San Diego	2.30
41	Sacramento	2.21
42	Austin	2.16
43	San Francisco	2.10
44	Tampa	2.04
45	Washington, D.C.	2.00
46	New York	2.00
47	Miami	1.73
48	Providence	1.72

Average Commute Time
In minutes, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08013, B08302)
1	New York	35.8
2	Riverside	32.6
3	Washington, D.C.	32.3
4	Atlanta	30.9
5	San Francisco	30.2
6	Chicago	30.2
7	Boston	30.1
8	Houston	30.0
9	Miami	29.5
10	Los Angeles	29.2
11	Baltimore	29.0
12	Philadelphia	28.6
13	Seattle	28.5
14	Tampa	28.5
15	Orlando	28.4
16	Dallas	27.7
17	Nashville	27.1
18	San Antonio	27.0
19	Sacramento	26.8
20	Denver	26.8
21	Birmingham	26.7
22	Raleigh	26.6
23	Austin	26.4
United States		26.4
24	Providence	26.4
25	New Orleans	26.4
26	Pittsburgh	26.3
27	Charlotte	26.3
28	Detroit	26.0
29	Jacksonville	25.8
30	San Jose	25.8
31	Phoenix	25.8
32	Indianapolis	25.6
33	San Diego	25.5
34	Cincinnati	25.2
35	Virginia Beach	24.9
36	St. Louis	24.8
37	Portland	24.8
38	Richmond	24.8
39	Las Vegas	24.6
40	Hartford	24.5
41	Cleveland	24.2
42	Oklahoma City	24.1
43	Minneapolis	24.0
44	Memphis	23.9
45	Louisville	23.8
46	Columbus	23.5
47	Kansas City	22.8
48	Salt Lake City	22.8
49	Milwaukee	22.5
50	Buffalo	21.8

Transportation Expenses
As a percent of median household income, 2011-2015
Source: Center for Neighborhood Technology
1	Memphis	27
2	Riverside	27
3	Birmingham	26
4	Oklahoma City	26
5	Orlando	26
6	Louisville	25
7	New Orleans	25
8	Indianapolis	25
9	Nashville	25
10	Charlotte	25
11	San Antonio	25
12	Tampa	25
13	Miami	24
14	Cleveland	24
15	Phoenix	24
16	Jacksonville	24
17	Las Vegas	24
18	Buffalo	24
19	Sacramento	24
20	Salt Lake City	23
21	Pittsburgh	23
22	St. Louis	23
23	Atlanta	23
24	Cincinnati	23
25	Kansas City	23
26	Columbus	23
27	Detroit	23
28	Milwaukee	22
29	Raleigh	22
30	Los Angeles	22
31	San Diego	22
32	Houston	22
33	Portland	22
34	Dallas	22
Peer Average		21
35	Virginia Beach	21
36	Richmond	21
37	Austin	21
38	Providence	21
39	Minneapolis	20
40	Denver	20
41	Philadelphia	20
42	Chicago	20
43	Hartford	19
44	Seattle	19
45	Baltimore	18
46	Boston	17
47	San Francisco	16
48	San Jose	16
49	New York	15
50	Washington, D.C.	14

Walk Score of Largest City
2018
Source: Walk Score
1	New York	89.2
2	San Francisco	86.0
3	Boston	80.9
4	Miami	79.2
5	Philadelphia	79.0
6	Providence	79.0
7	Chicago	77.8
8	Washington, D.C.	77.3
9	Seattle	73.1
10	Hartford	71.0
11	Baltimore	69.4
12	Minneapolis	69.2
13	Buffalo	67.8
14	Los Angeles	67.4
15	Portland	64.7
16	St. Louis	64.5
17	Milwaukee	62.1
18	Pittsburgh	61.9
Peer Average		61.6
19	Denver	60.5
20	Cleveland	59.5
21	New Orleans	57.6
22	Salt Lake City	57.0
23	Detroit	55.4
24	Richmond	51.4
25	San Diego	50.9
26	San Jose	50.5
27	Cincinnati	50.4
28	Tampa	50.0
29	Atlanta	49.2
30	Houston	48.7
31	Sacramento	47.1
32	Dallas	46.2
33	Orlando	42.1
34	Riverside	41.3
35	Las Vegas	41.1
36	Phoenix	40.8
37	Columbus	40.7
38	Austin	40.3
39	San Antonio	37.6
40	Memphis	36.8
41	Birmingham	35.4
42	Kansas City	34.2
43	Louisville	33.3
44	Oklahoma City	33.1
45	Virginia Beach	32.9
46	Raleigh	30.1
47	Indianapolis	29.8
48	Nashville	28.3
49	Jacksonville	26.8
50	Charlotte	25.9

Daily Flight Departures
Average number of scheduled passenger departures from area airports, 2023
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Statistics
1	New York	1,558
2	Chicago	1,128
3	Dallas	1,123
4	Atlanta	1,013
5	Denver	874
6	Los Angeles	868
7	Miami	840
8	Houston	683
9	Charlotte	657
10	Washington, D.C.	651
11	Seattle	586
12	San Francisco	579
13	Phoenix	554
14	Las Vegas	538
15	Orlando	522
16	Boston	463
17	Minneapolis	402
18	Detroit	377
Peer Average		373
19	Philadelphia	352
20	Salt Lake City	326
21	Baltimore	278
22	Nashville	274
23	Austin	269
24	Tampa	261
25	San Diego	260
26	Memphis	254
27	Portland	208
28	Louisville	200
29	St. Louis	198
30	Raleigh	178
31	Indianapolis	168
32	Sacramento	158
33	San Jose	150
34	New Orleans	146
35	Riverside	144
36	Kansas City	142
37	Pittsburgh	136
38	Cincinnati	133
39	Columbus	125
40	Cleveland	123
41	San Antonio	118
42	Jacksonville	90
43	Milwaukee	86
44	Hartford	74
45	Richmond	73
46	Virginia Beach	71
47	Providence	70
48	Buffalo	68
49	Oklahoma City	66
50	Birmingham	50

Change in Daily Flight Departures
Percent change, 2018-2023
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Air Carrier Statistics
1	Austin	45.2
2	Nashville	26.7
3	Orlando	18.5
4	Riverside	16.5
5	Las Vegas	14.7
6	Denver	12.4
7	Louisville	8.1
8	Tampa	5.1
9	Dallas	3.9
10	Phoenix	3.2
11	Sacramento	3.1
12	Miami	0.5
13	New York	-0.9
14	Seattle	-2.2
15	San Antonio	-3.4
16	Memphis	-3.8
17	Washington, D.C.	-4.9
18	San Diego	-5.2
19	Raleigh	-6.2
20	Jacksonville	-6.3
21	New Orleans	-6.6
22	Oklahoma City	-6.8
23	Salt Lake City	-6.8
Peer Average		-7.0
24	Charlotte	-7.9
25	Houston	-9.1
26	Indianapolis	-11.2
27	Columbus	-11.2
28	Kansas City	-12.5
29	Boston	-12.9
30	Richmond	-13.2
31	Atlanta	-13.8
32	Birmingham	-14.0
33	Baltimore	-14.1
34	Cincinnati	-15.2
35	Virginia Beach	-15.3
36	Los Angeles	-16.1
37	Cleveland	-16.4
38	San Jose	-17.0
39	Chicago	-19.6
40	San Francisco	-19.7
41	Hartford	-19.9
42	Pittsburgh	-20.1
43	St. Louis	-21.2
44	Minneapolis	-21.4
45	Milwaukee	-21.8
46	Portland	-22.4
47	Buffalo	-22.8
48	Providence	-23.1
49	Detroit	-26.7
50	Philadelphia	-26.8

The most popular mode of commuting to work in all of the peer regions is by car. Providing more transportation choices can have environmental benefits, increase physical activity, and reduce traffic congestion. The St. Louis region’s long-range transportation plan includes a goal to increase non-single occupancy travel (SOV); St. Louis has a lower rate on this metric than many of the peer regions. See the Transportation Choice performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Workers Who Commute by Driving Alone
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	Birmingham	77.4
2	Oklahoma City	77.2
3	Virginia Beach	76.1
4	Memphis	76.1
5	Riverside	73.9
6	Louisville	73.7
7	St. Louis	73.6
8	Providence	73.5
9	New Orleans	73.5
10	Kansas City	73.1
11	Detroit	72.6
12	Indianapolis	72.6
13	Milwaukee	72.6
14	Cincinnati	72.5
15	Buffalo	72.4
16	Cleveland	72.1
17	Houston	71.4
18	Hartford	70.2
19	Las Vegas	70.0
20	Columbus	69.7
21	Nashville	69.5
22	Jacksonville	69.4
23	Dallas	69.2
24	Richmond	69.1
25	Miami	68.8
26	San Antonio	68.7
United States		68.7
27	Pittsburgh	68.3
28	Baltimore	67.9
29	Orlando	67.5
30	Minneapolis	66.4
31	Tampa	66.4
32	Atlanta	66.1
33	Charlotte	66.0
34	Sacramento	66.0
35	San Diego	65.8
36	Salt Lake City	65.6
37	Los Angeles	65.2
38	Raleigh	63.9
39	Phoenix	63.8
40	Philadelphia	63.4
41	Denver	63.0
42	Chicago	62.9
43	Portland	60.8
44	Austin	60.3
45	San Jose	59.8
46	Boston	57.4
47	Seattle	57.0
48	Washington, D.C.	55.6
49	San Francisco	49.7
50	New York	44.7

Workers Who Commute by Carpool
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	San Antonio	11.4
2	Riverside	11.2
3	Salt Lake City	10.7
4	Houston	10.6
5	Las Vegas	10.5
6	Phoenix	9.8
7	Los Angeles	9.7
8	Memphis	9.6
9	Miami	9.3
10	Orlando	9.3
11	Dallas	9.1
12	Indianapolis	9.0
13	Sacramento	9.0
14	San Jose	8.9
15	Louisville	8.8
16	Oklahoma City	8.7
United States		8.6
17	Atlanta	8.6
18	San Diego	8.5
19	Birmingham	8.4
20	Charlotte	8.3
21	New Orleans	8.2
22	Tampa	8.2
23	Jacksonville	8.2
24	Providence	8.2
25	San Francisco	8.2
26	Virginia Beach	8.1
27	Seattle	8.0
28	Chicago	7.9
29	Cincinnati	7.9
30	Buffalo	7.8
31	Hartford	7.7
32	Washington, D.C.	7.7
33	Richmond	7.6
34	Nashville	7.6
35	Columbus	7.6
36	Milwaukee	7.5
37	Denver	7.4
38	Detroit	7.3
39	Portland	7.3
40	Baltimore	7.2
41	Minneapolis	7.0
42	Austin	7.0
43	Cleveland	6.9
44	Pittsburgh	6.8
45	Philadelphia	6.8
46	Raleigh	6.6
47	New York	6.5
48	Boston	6.4
49	Kansas City	6.4
50	St. Louis	6.3

Workers Who Commute by Public Transportation
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	New York	23.8
2	Boston	8.0
3	San Francisco	7.8
4	Chicago	7.0
5	Washington, D.C.	6.0
6	Philadelphia	5.7
7	Seattle	4.6
8	Baltimore	3.2
9	Los Angeles	3.1
United States		3.1
10	Pittsburgh	3.0
11	Portland	2.9
12	Buffalo	2.6
13	Hartford	2.4
14	Miami	2.4
15	Las Vegas	2.3
16	Denver	2.2
17	San Diego	2.0
18	San Jose	2.0
19	Minneapolis	2.0
20	Milwaukee	1.8
21	Cleveland	1.7
22	New Orleans	1.6
23	Salt Lake City	1.6
24	San Antonio	1.4
25	Houston	1.4
26	Atlanta	1.4
27	Providence	1.4
28	Cincinnati	1.3
29	St. Louis	1.2
30	Columbus	1.2
31	Austin	1.1
32	Orlando	1.0
33	Sacramento	0.9
34	Phoenix	0.9
35	Detroit	0.8
36	Charlotte	0.8
37	Riverside	0.7
38	Louisville	0.7
39	Richmond	0.7
40	Nashville	0.7
41	Virginia Beach	0.7
42	Tampa	0.7
43	Dallas	0.6
44	Indianapolis	0.6
45	Kansas City	0.5
46	Jacksonville	0.5
47	Birmingham	0.5
48	Raleigh	0.4
49	Oklahoma City	0.4
50	Memphis	0.3

Workers Who Work at Home
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	Austin	28.0
2	San Francisco	27.0
3	Raleigh	26.1
4	Washington, D.C.	25.4
5	Seattle	25.4
6	San Jose	24.4
7	Denver	23.7
8	Portland	23.3
9	Charlotte	22.3
10	Phoenix	21.7
11	Tampa	21.2
12	Atlanta	21.0
13	Minneapolis	20.9
14	Boston	20.8
15	Sacramento	19.8
16	Nashville	19.4
17	Orlando	19.1
18	Salt Lake City	18.9
19	Jacksonville	18.9
20	Richmond	18.7
21	Philadelphia	18.6
22	San Diego	18.6
23	Columbus	18.4
24	Dallas	18.3
25	Baltimore	18.1
26	Kansas City	17.7
27	Chicago	17.4
28	Pittsburgh	17.4
29	Los Angeles	17.2
30	Hartford	16.6
31	Detroit	16.4
32	New York	16.3
33	St. Louis	16.0
34	Cleveland	15.5
United States		15.2
35	Cincinnati	15.1
36	Indianapolis	15.1
37	Miami	14.9
38	San Antonio	14.8
39	Milwaukee	14.6
40	Louisville	13.7
41	Houston	13.0
42	Las Vegas	12.9
43	Buffalo	12.8
44	Providence	12.7
45	Birmingham	11.8
46	Riverside	11.3
47	New Orleans	11.3
48	Virginia Beach	11.1
49	Memphis	11.1
50	Oklahoma City	10.7

Workers Who Commute by Walking or Biking
Percent of workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	New York	6.3
2	Boston	5.5
3	San Francisco	5.5
4	Portland	4.5
5	Seattle	4.0
6	Philadelphia	3.8
7	New Orleans	3.5
8	San Diego	3.5
9	San Jose	3.4
10	Pittsburgh	3.3
11	Washington, D.C.	3.2
12	Chicago	3.2
13	Buffalo	2.9
14	Los Angeles	2.9
United States		2.9
15	Sacramento	2.7
16	Cleveland	2.6
17	Providence	2.6
18	Milwaukee	2.6
19	Virginia Beach	2.5
20	Denver	2.4
21	Richmond	2.4
22	Minneapolis	2.4
23	Salt Lake City	2.2
24	Miami	2.2
25	Austin	2.1
26	Baltimore	2.1
27	Hartford	2.0
28	San Antonio	2.0
29	Cincinnati	1.9
30	St. Louis	1.9
31	Columbus	1.9
32	Phoenix	1.8
33	Oklahoma City	1.8
34	Tampa	1.7
35	Raleigh	1.6
36	Detroit	1.6
37	Indianapolis	1.6
38	Memphis	1.6
39	Riverside	1.6
40	Jacksonville	1.5
41	Orlando	1.5
42	Louisville	1.5
43	Las Vegas	1.5
44	Dallas	1.4
45	Charlotte	1.4
46	Atlanta	1.3
47	Houston	1.3
48	Nashville	1.3
49	Kansas City	1.2
50	Birmingham	1.1

Non-Single Occupancy Vehicle Travel
Percent of workers commuting by all modes except driving alone by car, van, or truck, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B08006)
1	New York	52.9
2	San Francisco	48.4
3	Washington, D.C.	42.4
4	Seattle	41.9
5	Boston	40.7
6	San Jose	38.8
7	Austin	38.2
8	Portland	37.9
9	Denver	35.8
10	Chicago	35.6
11	Philadelphia	34.9
12	Raleigh	34.8
13	Phoenix	34.2
14	Salt Lake City	33.4
15	Los Angeles	33.0
16	Charlotte	32.8
17	San Diego	32.7
18	Sacramento	32.4
19	Minneapolis	32.3
20	Atlanta	32.2
21	Tampa	31.8
22	Orlando	30.9
23	Pittsburgh	30.6
24	Baltimore	30.6
United States		29.8
25	San Antonio	29.6
26	Dallas	29.4
27	Richmond	29.4
28	Jacksonville	29.1
29	Columbus	29.1
30	Nashville	29.0
31	Hartford	28.8
32	Miami	28.8
33	Las Vegas	27.2
34	Cleveland	26.8
35	Milwaukee	26.4
36	Houston	26.3
37	Indianapolis	26.3
38	Cincinnati	26.2
39	Buffalo	26.2
40	Detroit	26.1
41	Kansas City	25.7
42	St. Louis	25.4
43	Providence	24.9
44	Riverside	24.8
45	Louisville	24.7
46	New Orleans	24.6
47	Memphis	22.6
48	Virginia Beach	22.4
49	Birmingham	21.8
50	Oklahoma City	21.5

Education

A quality workforce begins with an excellent education system. This section documents that the region is about average on measures related to the competitiveness of the region’s primary and secondary school system. Regarding the adult population, the region is relatively well educated. See page 60 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

School Resources
School Quality
Learning Environments
Pre-K through High School
College
Field of Study

The St. Louis region is about average among the peer regions regarding the amount of education spending per pupil in primary schools. Nationwide, less than 10 percent of funding for schools is from federal sources. There is a wide range in the amount of funding from state and local sources among the peer regions. St. Louis is just below the national average on state funding per pupil and just above average on local funding per pupil. See Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 2 for further discussion.

Education Spending
Total spending per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	New York	26,857
2	Philadelphia	23,498
3	Buffalo	22,387
4	Hartford	22,071
5	Pittsburgh	20,346
6	Boston	19,888
7	Providence	18,315
8	Chicago	18,041
9	Cleveland	17,791
10	Washington, D.C.	17,183
11	Minneapolis	16,772
12	Baltimore	16,350
13	San Jose	16,182
14	San Francisco	15,659
15	New Orleans	15,514
16	Seattle	15,143
17	Columbus	14,958
18	Detroit	14,758
19	Los Angeles	14,586
United States		14,551
20	Portland	14,466
21	Austin	14,396
22	Cincinnati	14,331
23	San Diego	14,254
24	Milwaukee	14,230
25	Riverside	13,970
26	St. Louis	13,906
27	Sacramento	13,802
28	Houston	12,902
29	Louisville	12,555
30	Kansas City	12,299
31	Dallas	12,297
32	Virginia Beach	12,126
33	Indianapolis	12,052
34	Denver	11,975
35	San Antonio	11,897
36	Atlanta	11,715
37	Nashville	11,329
38	Richmond	11,305
39	Birmingham	11,221
40	Memphis	10,877
41	Raleigh	10,840
42	Charlotte	10,680
43	Orlando	10,664
44	Las Vegas	10,528
45	Miami	10,461
46	Tampa	10,132
47	Jacksonville	9,731
48	Phoenix	8,851
49	Salt Lake City	8,753
50	Oklahoma City	8,649

Change in Education Spending
Percent change in dollars per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Chicago	28.1
2	Portland	23.9
3	Hartford	22.1
4	Pittsburgh	20.9
5	Philadelphia	18.4
6	Seattle	16.9
7	Cleveland	16.7
8	Buffalo	16.2
9	New York	15.4
10	Nashville	14.3
11	San Jose	11.2
12	Minneapolis	10.7
13	Salt Lake City	10.7
14	Houston	10.6
15	Boston	10.4
16	St. Louis	8.8
17	Riverside	8.6
18	Providence	8.5
19	Memphis	7.7
20	Los Angeles	5.7
United States		4.3
21	San Francisco	4.3
22	Austin	2.9
23	Milwaukee	2.6
24	Baltimore	2.4
25	Louisville	2.4
26	Dallas	1.9
27	Cincinnati	1.9
28	Sacramento	1.5
29	Columbus	1.3
30	San Diego	0.6
31	Denver	0.5
32	Washington, D.C.	-0.6
33	Detroit	-2.7
34	Kansas City	-3.3
35	San Antonio	-3.8
36	Charlotte	-4.8
37	Raleigh	-5.6
38	Virginia Beach	-6.2
39	New Orleans	-8.3
40	Atlanta	-9.5
41	Richmond	-10.7
42	Birmingham	-11.5
43	Oklahoma City	-12.0
44	Indianapolis	-12.3
45	Orlando	-15.0
46	Jacksonville	-15.1
47	Las Vegas	-15.1
48	Tampa	-16.2
49	Phoenix	-17.4
50	Miami	-28.2

Education Curriculum Spending
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	New York	23,648
2	Hartford	19,274
3	Buffalo	19,184
4	Philadelphia	18,537
5	Boston	17,302
6	Pittsburgh	16,376
7	Providence	15,871
8	Chicago	15,582
9	Cleveland	14,751
10	Washington, D.C.	14,264
11	Baltimore	14,234
12	Columbus	12,814
13	Minneapolis	12,140
14	San Jose	12,135
15	Milwaukee	11,947
16	St. Louis	11,916
United States		11,910
17	San Francisco	11,883
18	Los Angeles	11,850
19	Seattle	11,657
20	New Orleans	11,589
21	Riverside	11,555
22	Cincinnati	11,441
23	Detroit	11,416
24	Portland	11,392
25	San Diego	11,122
26	Sacramento	10,910
27	Virginia Beach	10,611
28	Louisville	10,470
29	Richmond	10,004
30	Kansas City	9,974
31	Atlanta	9,881
32	Indianapolis	9,688
33	Denver	9,567
34	Birmingham	9,217
35	Nashville	8,976
36	Memphis	8,956
37	Miami	8,864
38	Austin	8,844
39	Houston	8,780
40	San Antonio	8,745
41	Dallas	8,652
42	Las Vegas	8,585
43	Charlotte	8,493
44	Tampa	8,420
45	Orlando	8,376
46	Jacksonville	8,303
47	Raleigh	8,280
48	Phoenix	7,447
49	Oklahoma City	6,933
50	Salt Lake City	6,812

Change in Education Curriculum Spending
Percent change in dollars per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Chicago	36.0
2	Hartford	27.6
3	Philadelphia	24.1
4	Pittsburgh	23.4
5	Seattle	23.3
6	Riverside	22.7
7	Buffalo	20.3
8	New York	18.9
9	Portland	16.0
10	Cleveland	15.3
11	St. Louis	13.9
12	San Jose	12.3
13	San Francisco	11.7
14	Minneapolis	11.7
15	Salt Lake City	11.1
16	Boston	11.0
17	Los Angeles	10.8
18	Nashville	9.6
19	Baltimore	9.2
20	Columbus	9.0
21	Sacramento	8.7
22	Providence	8.2
United States		7.5
23	Memphis	6.8
24	Houston	4.4
25	San Diego	3.7
26	Cincinnati	3.4
27	Louisville	3.2
28	Washington, D.C.	2.1
29	Denver	1.9
30	Dallas	1.7
31	Austin	0.1
32	San Antonio	-0.2
33	Charlotte	-1.2
34	Kansas City	-1.4
35	Milwaukee	-2.0
36	Richmond	-3.0
37	Detroit	-3.3
38	Las Vegas	-3.4
39	Virginia Beach	-4.0
40	Birmingham	-4.7
41	Indianapolis	-4.9
42	Atlanta	-5.0
43	Raleigh	-5.2
44	Phoenix	-5.6
45	Tampa	-6.6
46	Orlando	-6.8
47	Oklahoma City	-9.4
48	Jacksonville	-9.6
49	New Orleans	-11.3
50	Miami	-13.5

State Funding per Pupil
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	Buffalo	13,019
2	Hartford	9,779
3	Minneapolis	9,756
4	New York	9,524
5	Riverside	9,522
6	Los Angeles	8,840
7	Detroit	8,555
8	Seattle	8,546
9	Philadelphia	8,415
10	Sacramento	8,257
11	Providence	8,018
12	Pittsburgh	7,968
13	Indianapolis	7,950
14	Baltimore	7,363
15	Chicago	7,117
16	Portland	7,055
17	Milwaukee	6,823
18	Boston	6,737
United States		6,726
19	San Diego	6,445
20	Las Vegas	6,391
21	Kansas City	6,374
22	San Francisco	6,011
23	Louisville	6,007
24	St. Louis	5,833
25	Birmingham	5,712
26	Cincinnati	5,645
27	Charlotte	5,621
28	Cleveland	5,595
29	Virginia Beach	5,592
30	Raleigh	5,578
31	Richmond	5,347
32	Washington, D.C.	5,166
33	Atlanta	5,087
34	Denver	4,933
35	Memphis	4,864
36	New Orleans	4,850
37	Jacksonville	4,750
38	Tampa	4,702
39	Columbus	4,658
40	Orlando	4,367
41	Nashville	4,357
42	San Jose	4,253
43	Salt Lake City	4,234
44	San Antonio	3,992
45	Oklahoma City	3,888
46	Dallas	3,688
47	Phoenix	3,658
48	Houston	3,323
49	Miami	3,271
50	Austin	2,446

Change in State Funding per Pupil
Percent change in state funding per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Chicago	67.9
2	Indianapolis	36.1
3	Pittsburgh	33.1
4	Hartford	31.6
5	Buffalo	23.2
6	Seattle	21.9
7	Philadelphia	20.5
8	St. Louis	17.8
9	Nashville	17.2
10	Portland	15.5
11	Dallas	15.3
12	Kansas City	14.2
13	Memphis	11.1
14	Sacramento	10.8
15	Riverside	10.6
16	Washington, D.C.	10.2
17	Baltimore	9.8
18	Minneapolis	7.7
19	Las Vegas	7.1
20	Louisville	6.4
21	Cincinnati	5.4
22	Providence	4.3
23	New York	4.3
24	Detroit	4.0
United States		3.9
25	Milwaukee	3.7
26	Denver	1.6
27	Los Angeles	1.5
28	New Orleans	1.0
29	Charlotte	-1.6
30	Atlanta	-2.5
31	Salt Lake City	-2.7
32	Raleigh	-4.3
33	Cleveland	-4.6
34	Houston	-5.6
35	Boston	-5.7
36	San Diego	-6.6
37	Richmond	-8.3
38	Birmingham	-8.5
39	San Francisco	-10.3
40	Virginia Beach	-12.0
41	Austin	-12.4
42	San Jose	-12.5
43	San Antonio	-14.2
44	Columbus	-15.7
45	Oklahoma City	-15.8
46	Jacksonville	-20.7
47	Orlando	-21.8
48	Tampa	-23.0
49	Miami	-24.2
50	Phoenix	-27.5

Local Funding per Pupil
Dollars per pupil, 2016-2017
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances
1	New York	15,884
2	Philadelphia	13,357
3	Hartford	12,723
4	Boston	12,605
5	Pittsburgh	11,293
6	Washington, D.C.	10,880
7	San Jose	10,720
8	Cleveland	10,420
9	Chicago	10,328
10	Austin	10,083
11	Columbus	9,489
12	Providence	9,136
13	San Francisco	8,678
14	New Orleans	8,666
15	Buffalo	8,397
16	Baltimore	7,970
17	St. Louis	7,704
18	Cincinnati	7,510
19	Dallas	7,066
20	Houston	6,836
United States		6,656
21	San Diego	6,517
22	Milwaukee	6,515
23	Denver	6,216
24	San Antonio	6,024
25	Miami	6,016
26	Atlanta	6,002
27	Portland	5,751
28	Kansas City	5,750
29	Seattle	5,489
30	Louisville	5,439
31	Richmond	5,380
32	Orlando	5,368
33	Detroit	5,338
34	Virginia Beach	5,287
35	Nashville	5,215
36	Minneapolis	5,103
37	Los Angeles	4,874
38	Birmingham	4,593
39	Sacramento	4,541
40	Phoenix	4,509
41	Indianapolis	4,330
42	Oklahoma City	4,136
43	Memphis	4,107
44	Tampa	4,015
45	Jacksonville	3,938
46	Salt Lake City	3,704
47	Charlotte	3,535
48	Riverside	3,448
49	Las Vegas	2,936
50	Raleigh	2,666

Change in Local Funding per Pupil
Percent change in local funding per pupil, 2006-2007 to 2016-2017, adjusted to 2017 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances; Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Los Angeles	42.4
2	San Jose	31.7
3	San Francisco	31.2
4	New York	27.4
5	Portland	24.6
6	Boston	22.2
7	Hartford	21.9
8	Buffalo	21.7
9	Philadelphia	20.4
10	Seattle	18.4
11	Providence	15.2
12	San Diego	15.2
13	Cleveland	14.3
14	Chicago	14.0
15	St. Louis	12.3
16	Columbus	10.5
17	Pittsburgh	10.5
18	Salt Lake City	10.4
19	San Antonio	8.7
20	Austin	8.1
21	Minneapolis	7.5
22	Nashville	7.4
United States		6.8
23	Riverside	5.5
24	Denver	5.0
25	Houston	4.5
26	Louisville	3.7
27	Cincinnati	0.8
28	Milwaukee	-0.9
29	Sacramento	-1.1
30	New Orleans	-1.4
31	Virginia Beach	-1.7
32	Baltimore	-2.5
33	Memphis	-3.7
34	Washington, D.C.	-3.8
35	Phoenix	-4.1
36	Oklahoma City	-4.9
37	Dallas	-5.8
38	Detroit	-6.1
39	Richmond	-7.9
40	Kansas City	-9.1
41	Birmingham	-9.3
42	Orlando	-11.3
43	Atlanta	-16.1
44	Indianapolis	-17.9
45	Miami	-18.3
46	Jacksonville	-21.6
47	Charlotte	-23.9
48	Tampa	-26.0
49	Las Vegas	-32.1
50	Raleigh	-57.8

Assessing and comparing the quality of schools is challenging due to the many factors that can affect student success, as well as the multitude of ways states assess the quality of their schools. This section provides rankings for metrics that are associated with the quality of school instruction. St. Louis ranks competitively on these measures collectively, but the learning experiences of schools vary considerably within the region. See Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 3 for further discussion.

Pupil-Teacher Ratio
2018-2019
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1	San Diego	24.4
2	Phoenix	24.0
3	Los Angeles	23.8
4	Riverside	23.7
5	San Jose	22.9
6	Sacramento	22.9
7	Salt Lake City	22.8
8	Las Vegas	22.5
9	San Francisco	22.5
10	Portland	19.4
11	Seattle	18.8
12	Columbus	18.7
13	New Orleans	18.6
14	Miami	18.4
15	Indianapolis	18.2
16	Detroit	18.1
17	Denver	17.8
18	Oklahoma City	17.8
19	Jacksonville	17.7
20	Cincinnati	17.7
21	Cleveland	17.4
22	Birmingham	17.3
23	Orlando	17.0
24	Tampa	16.7
25	Louisville	16.7
26	Memphis	16.7
27	Minneapolis	16.4
28	Milwaukee	16.3
29	Charlotte	16.3
30	Houston	16.0
United States		16.0
31	Raleigh	16.0
32	San Antonio	15.9
33	Richmond	15.8
34	Nashville	15.7
35	Atlanta	15.5
36	Chicago	15.4
37	Dallas	15.2
38	Baltimore	15.2
39	Virginia Beach	15.1
40	Austin	15.0
41	St. Louis	14.7
42	Kansas City	14.6
43	Washington, D.C.	14.6
44	Pittsburgh	14.1
45	Philadelphia	14.0
46	Providence	13.5
47	Buffalo	13.1
48	New York	12.9
49	Boston	12.8
50	Hartford	12.8

New Teachers
Teachers in their first or second year of teaching as a percent of all teachers, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Memphis	51.7
2	Indianapolis	21.4
3	Orlando	20.9
4	San Antonio	20.1
5	Denver	19.0
6	Phoenix	18.8
7	Jacksonville	18.6
8	Dallas	16.2
9	Oklahoma City	15.6
10	Washington, D.C.	15.6
11	New Orleans	15.5
12	Houston	15.4
13	Salt Lake City	15.3
14	Baltimore	15.0
15	Nashville	14.5
16	Columbus	14.3
17	San Francisco	14.0
18	Milwaukee	13.7
19	Minneapolis	13.6
20	Tampa	13.5
21	Kansas City	13.1
Peer Average		13.1
22	Chicago	13.0
23	Austin	12.8
24	San Jose	12.4
25	Boston	12.3
26	Virginia Beach	12.2
27	Richmond	12.2
28	Cincinnati	12.2
29	Cleveland	12.0
30	Philadelphia	11.8
31	Las Vegas	11.3
32	New York	11.3
33	Riverside	11.3
34	St. Louis	11.0
35	San Diego	10.9
36	Atlanta	10.9
37	Louisville	10.8
38	Seattle	10.7
39	Hartford	10.7
40	Buffalo	10.0
41	Birmingham	9.9
42	Sacramento	9.6
43	Portland	9.4
44	Los Angeles	9.1
45	Detroit	9.0
46	Providence	9.0
47	Pittsburgh	7.4
48	Charlotte	7.1
49	Miami	6.3
50	Raleigh	6.2

Relative Wages for Elementary, Middle, and High School Teachers
Ratio of average teacher wage to the average wage of all occupations, 2019
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1	Riverside	1.74
2	Virginia Beach	1.44
3	Los Angeles	1.43
4	Buffalo	1.41
5	Pittsburgh	1.37
6	Cleveland	1.35
7	Providence	1.35
8	Detroit	1.32
9	Sacramento	1.32
10	Portland	1.30
11	New York	1.29
12	Jacksonville	1.29
13	San Diego	1.27
14	Columbus	1.26
15	Tampa	1.25
16	Philadelphia	1.25
17	Chicago	1.24
18	Las Vegas	1.24
19	Cincinnati	1.24
20	Memphis	1.23
21	Hartford	1.22
Peer Average		1.21
22	San Antonio	1.20
23	Baltimore	1.20
24	Orlando	1.19
25	Boston	1.18
26	Salt Lake City	1.16
27	Louisville	1.16
28	Milwaukee	1.16
29	San Francisco	1.14
30	Minneapolis	1.13
31	Washington, D.C.	1.12
32	Atlanta	1.11
33	St. Louis	1.11
34	Richmond	1.11
35	Indianapolis	1.10
36	New Orleans	1.10
37	Houston	1.09
38	Dallas	1.09
39	Birmingham	1.09
40	Miami	1.09
41	Kansas City	1.09
42	Nashville	1.08
43	Austin	1.06
44	Seattle	1.04
45	San Jose	1.03
46	Oklahoma City	0.98
47	Charlotte	0.97
48	Raleigh	0.96
49	Denver	0.96
50	Phoenix	0.93

Absent Teachers
Teachers who were absent more than 10 school days during the school year as a percent of all teachers, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Las Vegas	58.6
2	Baltimore	38.5
3	Providence	38.0
4	Virginia Beach	37.3
5	Columbus	36.8
6	Cleveland	35.5
7	Buffalo	35.2
8	Louisville	35.1
9	Hartford	34.1
10	Pittsburgh	34.1
11	Richmond	33.8
12	Raleigh	33.7
13	Birmingham	33.6
14	Seattle	33.2
15	Charlotte	31.6
16	Minneapolis	31.6
17	Oklahoma City	31.3
18	Riverside	30.5
19	Philadelphia	29.4
20	Cincinnati	29.3
21	Portland	29.3
22	Memphis	29.2
23	Atlanta	29.1
24	Kansas City	29.0
25	Houston	28.5
26	Nashville	28.5
27	Miami	27.8
28	Washington, D.C.	27.7
Peer Average		27.4
29	Chicago	27.1
30	New Orleans	26.8
31	Denver	25.7
32	San Diego	25.2
33	New York	25.2
34	San Jose	25.0
35	St. Louis	25.0
36	Boston	24.5
37	Dallas	24.2
38	San Francisco	24.1
39	Indianapolis	24.0
40	Detroit	23.6
41	Tampa	23.5
42	Phoenix	23.5
43	Jacksonville	23.1
44	San Antonio	21.9
45	Milwaukee	21.1
46	Austin	20.4
47	Los Angeles	19.7
48	Salt Lake City	19.5
49	Sacramento	17.5
50	Orlando	11.1

School districts in the St. Louis region are highly segregated, and as a result learning experiences vary considerably by race. The region has a high rate of out of school suspension, and low rate of students enrolled in Advanced Placement courses. The region has fewer students who are chronically absent than most of the peer regions, but there is a wide disparity between races on this metric as well. For a further discussion of learning environments in the St. Louis region, see Where We Stand 8th Edition White Paper 3.

Segregation of School Districts
Black-white student segregation, based on the dissimilarity index, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Cleveland	78.8
2	Milwaukee	77.9
3	Chicago	73.2
4	Buffalo	72.4
5	Detroit	71.2
6	St. Louis	70.6
7	Cincinnati	70.4
8	Indianapolis	69.8
9	Pittsburgh	69.4
10	Boston	68.0
11	New York	67.3
12	Philadelphia	65.1
13	Memphis	61.5
14	Hartford	61.3
15	Columbus	61.2
16	San Francisco	60.9
17	Denver	60.5
18	Birmingham	59.7
Peer Average		59.5
19	Kansas City	58.5
20	Los Angeles	58.3
21	Providence	55.9
22	Oklahoma City	55.6
23	Minneapolis	55.3
24	Nashville	54.4
25	Washington, D.C.	54.3
26	Dallas	52.8
27	Sacramento	51.6
28	New Orleans	50.7
29	Louisville	50.7
30	Houston	49.8
31	Seattle	46.7
32	Baltimore	44.7
33	Jacksonville	43.4
34	Portland	43.0
35	Atlanta	42.9
36	Phoenix	42.6
37	San Diego	42.1
38	Riverside	40.5
39	Virginia Beach	40.0
40	Charlotte	39.4
41	San Antonio	38.0
42	Austin	37.7
43	Richmond	37.2
44	San Jose	35.3
45	Salt Lake City	30.5
46	Orlando	27.7
47	Tampa	25.4
48	Miami	19.8
49	Raleigh	12.1
50	Las Vegas	0.0

Days of School Missed due to Out-of-School Suspension
Days missed per student, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Memphis	0.80
2	Virginia Beach	0.61
3	Buffalo	0.59
4	Richmond	0.57
5	St. Louis	0.50
6	Cleveland	0.50
7	Oklahoma City	0.43
8	Columbus	0.39
9	Charlotte	0.39
10	Raleigh	0.39
11	Detroit	0.38
12	New Orleans	0.38
13	Kansas City	0.36
14	Atlanta	0.35
15	Louisville	0.35
16	Las Vegas	0.32
17	Orlando	0.30
18	Birmingham	0.28
19	Milwaukee	0.28
20	Indianapolis	0.25
21	Philadelphia	0.25
22	Phoenix	0.25
23	Cincinnati	0.25
24	Nashville	0.23
25	Seattle	0.23
26	Jacksonville	0.22
Peer Average		0.22
27	Tampa	0.21
28	Pittsburgh	0.21
29	Baltimore	0.20
30	Washington, D.C.	0.20
31	Hartford	0.18
32	Sacramento	0.18
33	Houston	0.17
34	New York	0.17
35	Dallas	0.17
36	Providence	0.16
37	Riverside	0.16
38	San Antonio	0.16
39	Denver	0.14
40	Chicago	0.14
41	Minneapolis	0.14
42	Portland	0.13
43	San Diego	0.13
44	Austin	0.12
45	Boston	0.11
46	San Francisco	0.10
47	Miami	0.07
48	San Jose	0.07
49	Salt Lake City	0.07
50	Los Angeles	0.06

Chronic Absenteeism
Students who have missed 15 days of school or more as a percent of all students, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Washington, D.C.	25.6
2	Seattle	24.9
3	Portland	24.0
4	Buffalo	22.7
5	Milwaukee	21.5
6	Las Vegas	21.1
7	Louisville	20.9
8	Baltimore	20.9
9	Denver	20.6
10	Cleveland	20.6
11	Detroit	20.4
12	Jacksonville	19.8
13	Tampa	19.8
14	Orlando	19.8
15	Columbus	19.2
16	New York	18.9
17	Providence	18.7
18	Philadelphia	17.8
19	Pittsburgh	17.1
20	Phoenix	16.8
21	Chicago	16.4
22	New Orleans	16.4
23	Cincinnati	15.9
Peer Average		15.8
24	Miami	15.2
25	Salt Lake City	15.0
26	Virginia Beach	14.9
27	Birmingham	14.1
28	Sacramento	14.1
29	Nashville	14.1
30	St. Louis	13.7
31	Minneapolis	13.4
32	Riverside	13.1
33	Boston	13.0
34	Austin	12.9
35	Atlanta	12.7
36	Hartford	12.6
37	San Antonio	12.6
38	Kansas City	12.3
39	Oklahoma City	12.1
40	Indianapolis	11.9
41	Raleigh	11.8
42	Charlotte	11.8
43	San Francisco	11.7
44	Los Angeles	11.5
45	Dallas	11.4
46	San Diego	11.3
47	Houston	10.9
48	San Jose	10.2
49	Memphis	9.6
50	Richmond	9.6

Advanced Placement Enrollment
Percent of high-school students enrolled in advanced placement courses, 2015-2016
Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights
1	Orlando	31.4
2	San Jose	29.6
3	Washington, D.C.	28.3
4	San Diego	27.0
5	Austin	26.8
6	Baltimore	25.7
7	Atlanta	25.5
8	Dallas	25.5
9	Tampa	25.5
10	San Francisco	25.0
11	Houston	24.7
12	Milwaukee	24.5
13	Virginia Beach	23.7
14	Los Angeles	23.6
15	Louisville	23.6
16	Chicago	23.2
17	Miami	22.9
18	Jacksonville	22.5
19	San Antonio	22.0
20	Raleigh	21.7
21	Seattle	21.1
22	Richmond	20.5
Peer Average		20.4
23	Minneapolis	19.8
24	Sacramento	19.7
25	Riverside	19.2
26	Denver	19.1
27	Portland	18.3
28	Oklahoma City	18.3
29	Las Vegas	17.4
30	Boston	17.3
31	Indianapolis	17.1
32	Charlotte	17.0
33	Birmingham	16.9
34	Nashville	16.8
35	Cincinnati	16.5
36	Detroit	16.4
37	Buffalo	16.1
38	Kansas City	16.1
39	Hartford	16.0
40	St. Louis	16.0
41	New York	15.8
42	Pittsburgh	15.4
43	Philadelphia	14.9
44	Salt Lake City	14.2
45	Phoenix	13.7
46	New Orleans	13.5
47	Providence	13.2
48	Columbus	12.9
49	Cleveland	11.6
50	Memphis	7.8

Relative to the peer regions, St. Louis has an above average proportion of children enrolled in preschool, a small (and shrinking) adult population that does not have a high school diploma, and is about average on adults with a high school diploma or equivalent as the highest level of education.

Children Enrolled in Preschool
Percent of 3- and 4-year olds, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B14003)
1	New York	67.9
2	Hartford	64.2
3	Boston	60.4
4	Miami	59.9
5	San Francisco	59.7
6	San Jose	58.6
7	New Orleans	57.3
8	Portland	54.8
9	Providence	54.5
10	Birmingham	53.5
11	Denver	53.4
12	Philadelphia	53.3
13	Austin	53.0
14	St. Louis	52.8
15	Chicago	52.4
16	Atlanta	52.0
17	Orlando	51.3
18	Baltimore	51.1
19	Los Angeles	51.1
20	Cleveland	51.0
21	San Diego	50.8
22	Cincinnati	49.8
23	Washington, D.C.	49.8
24	Salt Lake City	49.0
25	Indianapolis	48.6
26	Tampa	48.4
27	Milwaukee	47.9
28	Raleigh	47.3
29	Buffalo	47.0
30	Detroit	47.0
31	Seattle	46.9
United States		46.7
32	Richmond	46.5
33	Memphis	45.6
34	Sacramento	45.6
35	Houston	45.6
36	Minneapolis	45.3
37	Jacksonville	44.9
38	Pittsburgh	44.6
39	Dallas	44.6
40	Charlotte	44.0
41	Virginia Beach	43.5
42	Nashville	42.7
43	Kansas City	41.6
44	San Antonio	41.2
45	Columbus	41.1
46	Louisville	37.5
47	Oklahoma City	37.3
48	Riverside	34.2
49	Phoenix	33.5
50	Las Vegas	32.9

No High School Diploma or Equivalent
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Los Angeles	18.0
2	Riverside	17.5
3	Houston	14.9
4	Las Vegas	13.2
5	Miami	13.0
6	New York	12.5
7	Dallas	12.2
8	San Antonio	11.6
9	San Jose	11.2
10	New Orleans	10.9
11	Providence	10.8
12	Phoenix	10.6
13	San Francisco	10.6
United States		10.4
14	San Diego	10.3
15	Chicago	10.3
16	Oklahoma City	10.0
17	Memphis	9.6
18	Birmingham	9.6
19	Sacramento	9.4
20	Orlando	9.4
21	Indianapolis	9.2
22	Salt Lake City	8.9
23	Detroit	8.8
24	Tampa	8.7
25	Atlanta	8.5
26	Charlotte	8.5
27	Louisville	8.2
28	Cleveland	8.1
29	Austin	7.9
30	Columbus	7.9
31	Washington, D.C.	7.9
32	Boston	7.8
33	Baltimore	7.7
34	Philadelphia	7.7
35	Denver	7.6
36	Hartford	7.6
37	Nashville	7.6
38	Virginia Beach	7.6
39	Cincinnati	7.5
40	Jacksonville	7.5
41	Buffalo	7.4
42	Portland	7.3
43	Richmond	7.1
44	Seattle	6.9
45	Milwaukee	6.8
46	St. Louis	6.7
47	Kansas City	6.6
48	Raleigh	6.6
49	Minneapolis	5.8
50	Pittsburgh	4.8

Change in No High School Diploma or Equivalent
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Minneapolis	-0.9
2	Portland	-1.3
3	Seattle	-1.3
4	Boston	-1.5
5	Columbus	-1.5
6	San Francisco	-1.5
7	Indianapolis	-1.9
8	Salt Lake City	-1.9
9	Washington, D.C.	-2.0
10	Kansas City	-2.1
11	Buffalo	-2.1
12	Oklahoma City	-2.2
13	Las Vegas	-2.3
14	Miami	-2.4
15	Hartford	-2.4
16	Denver	-2.5
17	Sacramento	-2.5
18	Virginia Beach	-2.6
19	New York	-2.7
20	Chicago	-2.9
21	Detroit	-2.9
22	Baltimore	-2.9
23	San Jose	-2.9
24	Orlando	-3.0
25	Tampa	-3.0
26	Phoenix	-3.1
27	Pittsburgh	-3.1
28	Cincinnati	-3.1
29	Philadelphia	-3.2
30	Los Angeles	-3.2
United States		-3.3
31	Milwaukee	-3.3
32	Cleveland	-3.4
33	Raleigh	-3.5
34	St. Louis	-3.5
35	San Diego	-3.6
36	Louisville	-3.7
37	Atlanta	-3.7
38	Jacksonville	-3.8
39	Birmingham	-3.8
40	Charlotte	-3.8
41	Riverside	-3.9
42	Austin	-3.9
43	Dallas	-3.9
44	Houston	-4.0
45	Memphis	-4.2
46	Providence	-4.2
47	Nashville	-4.2
48	New Orleans	-4.3
49	San Antonio	-4.7
50	Richmond	-5.5

Racial Disparity in Education
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, adults aged 25 and older, with less than a high-school diploma, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Minneapolis	6.16
2	Denver	4.78
3	Milwaukee	4.07
4	Miami	3.58
5	Hartford	3.49
6	Buffalo	3.32
7	Seattle	3.25
8	San Francisco	3.14
9	Boston	2.92
10	New York	2.78
11	Austin	2.78
12	Washington, D.C.	2.73
13	Chicago	2.66
14	Orlando	2.65
15	Columbus	2.56
16	Raleigh	2.55
17	Cleveland	2.52
18	San Diego	2.51
19	Richmond	2.26
20	New Orleans	2.24
21	St. Louis	2.24
22	Philadelphia	2.19
23	Phoenix	2.15
24	Indianapolis	2.13
25	Nashville	2.08
26	Kansas City	2.02
27	Las Vegas	2.02
United States		2.00
28	Cincinnati	1.98
29	Houston	1.97
30	Los Angeles	1.95
31	Pittsburgh	1.95
32	Jacksonville	1.89
33	San Antonio	1.89
34	Dallas	1.87
35	Virginia Beach	1.87
36	Sacramento	1.85
37	Tampa	1.76
38	Louisville	1.75
39	Detroit	1.75
40	Portland	1.73
41	Baltimore	1.68
42	Memphis	1.58
43	Oklahoma City	1.53
44	Charlotte	1.50
45	Providence	1.47
46	Atlanta	1.44
47	Birmingham	1.37
48	Riverside	1.25

High School Diploma or Equivalent as Highest Educational Attainment
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Pittsburgh	31.3
2	Cincinnati	28.7
3	Memphis	28.6
4	Louisville	28.0
5	Las Vegas	27.9
6	Cleveland	27.8
7	Tampa	27.5
8	Riverside	27.3
9	Providence	27.2
10	Birmingham	26.9
11	Columbus	26.8
12	Philadelphia	26.8
13	Buffalo	26.4
14	Hartford	26.3
United States		26.1
15	Detroit	25.9
16	Oklahoma City	25.8
17	Indianapolis	25.6
18	Virginia Beach	25.6
19	Miami	25.6
20	Jacksonville	25.5
21	Milwaukee	25.4
22	Nashville	25.3
23	Kansas City	25.0
24	New Orleans	25.0
25	San Antonio	24.9
26	St. Louis	24.8
27	Orlando	24.6
28	Richmond	24.5
29	Baltimore	23.6
30	Atlanta	23.3
31	Phoenix	23.1
32	New York	23.0
33	Charlotte	23.0
34	Chicago	23.0
35	Salt Lake City	22.9
36	Houston	22.8
37	Dallas	21.6
38	Sacramento	21.0
39	Boston	20.9
40	Minneapolis	20.1
41	Portland	20.0
42	Los Angeles	19.7
43	Seattle	18.4
44	Denver	18.3
45	San Diego	18.0
46	Raleigh	17.8
47	Washington, D.C.	17.4
48	Austin	16.0
49	San Francisco	14.7
50	San Jose	13.2

The region is relatively well educated and is experiencing above average increases in the college education levels of adults. A larger proportion of the St. Louis adult population has an associate degree, bachelor’s degree, or advanced degree than those in many of the peer regions. The region is below the national average on percentage of adults enrolled in college, which is in part due to the large senior population in the region. See the College Attainment performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Enrollment in College or Graduate School
Percent of adults aged 18 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B14004)
1	San Diego	10.2
2	San Jose	10.2
3	Sacramento	10.0
4	Boston	9.9
5	Los Angeles	9.7
6	Hartford	9.6
7	Riverside	9.5
8	Washington, D.C.	9.2
9	Providence	9.2
10	Oklahoma City	9.1
11	Baltimore	9.0
12	Orlando	9.0
13	Austin	9.0
14	Raleigh	8.8
15	San Francisco	8.8
16	Salt Lake City	8.7
17	San Antonio	8.6
18	Philadelphia	8.6
19	Virginia Beach	8.4
20	New York	8.4
21	Atlanta	8.4
22	Buffalo	8.1
23	Cincinnati	8.1
United States		8.1
24	Richmond	7.9
25	Dallas	7.9
26	Chicago	7.8
27	Columbus	7.8
28	Milwaukee	7.6
29	Phoenix	7.6
30	Birmingham	7.6
31	Memphis	7.6
32	Miami	7.6
33	New Orleans	7.5
34	Houston	7.5
35	Nashville	7.4
36	Minneapolis	7.3
37	Seattle	7.3
38	Tampa	7.2
39	Pittsburgh	7.1
40	St. Louis	7.0
41	Cleveland	7.0
42	Denver	6.8
43	Indianapolis	6.7
44	Kansas City	6.6
45	Detroit	6.6
46	Portland	6.6
47	Jacksonville	6.6
48	Louisville	6.5
49	Charlotte	6.3
50	Las Vegas	6.2

Some College, No Degree as Highest Educational Attainment
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Sacramento	23.6
2	Las Vegas	23.5
3	Virginia Beach	22.8
4	Riverside	22.6
5	Portland	22.4
6	New Orleans	22.4
7	Oklahoma City	22.3
8	Phoenix	22.2
9	Detroit	21.8
10	Memphis	21.8
11	San Antonio	21.6
12	St. Louis	21.1
13	Salt Lake City	21.0
14	Kansas City	20.9
15	San Diego	20.7
16	Jacksonville	20.1
17	Birmingham	20.1
18	Louisville	20.0
19	Milwaukee	19.4
20	Cleveland	19.4
21	Dallas	19.3
United States		19.1
22	Houston	19.1
23	Seattle	18.9
24	Richmond	18.8
25	Nashville	18.8
26	Tampa	18.7
27	Minneapolis	18.6
28	Charlotte	18.4
29	Cincinnati	18.4
30	Indianapolis	18.2
31	Atlanta	18.2
32	Chicago	18.2
33	Buffalo	18.1
34	Columbus	18.0
35	Los Angeles	17.7
36	Austin	17.6
37	Orlando	17.6
38	Baltimore	17.5
39	Denver	17.2
40	Providence	17.1
41	Hartford	16.2
42	Philadelphia	16.0
43	Raleigh	15.4
44	Pittsburgh	15.0
45	Miami	15.0
46	San Francisco	14.6
47	Washington, D.C.	14.4
48	New York	13.9
49	San Jose	13.2
50	Boston	13.0

Racial Disparity in College Attendance
Ratio of non-Hispanic white to black adults, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002B, B15002H)
1	Milwaukee	1.49
2	Miami	1.48
3	Salt Lake City	1.43
4	Hartford	1.36
5	Richmond	1.33
6	Minneapolis	1.32
7	New York	1.31
8	Denver	1.30
9	Orlando	1.29
10	Columbus	1.28
11	Buffalo	1.27
12	New Orleans	1.27
13	Philadelphia	1.25
14	Memphis	1.24
15	Washington, D.C.	1.24
16	Chicago	1.24
17	Detroit	1.24
18	San Francisco	1.23
19	Baltimore	1.23
20	St. Louis	1.23
21	Providence	1.22
22	Boston	1.22
23	Indianapolis	1.22
24	Raleigh	1.21
25	Jacksonville	1.21
26	Las Vegas	1.21
27	Cleveland	1.21
United States		1.19
28	Kansas City	1.19
29	Los Angeles	1.18
30	Dallas	1.17
31	Seattle	1.17
32	Virginia Beach	1.17
33	Cincinnati	1.16
34	Tampa	1.16
35	Nashville	1.16
36	San Jose	1.16
37	Houston	1.16
38	Phoenix	1.16
39	Birmingham	1.16
40	Sacramento	1.15
41	Oklahoma City	1.13
42	Austin	1.13
43	San Diego	1.13
44	San Antonio	1.12
45	Pittsburgh	1.12
46	Portland	1.11
47	Atlanta	1.11
48	Louisville	1.11
49	Charlotte	1.08
50	Riverside	1.05

Racial Disparity in College Graduation
Ratio of non-Hispanic white to black adults, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002B, B15002H)
1	Milwaukee	1.68
2	Detroit	1.39
3	Buffalo	1.37
4	Salt Lake City	1.37
5	Philadelphia	1.36
6	St. Louis	1.35
7	Chicago	1.34
8	Louisville	1.33
9	San Francisco	1.33
10	Cleveland	1.33
11	Providence	1.31
12	Hartford	1.31
13	Pittsburgh	1.31
14	San Diego	1.30
15	New Orleans	1.29
16	Jacksonville	1.28
17	Los Angeles	1.26
18	Denver	1.25
19	Seattle	1.25
20	San Jose	1.24
21	Cincinnati	1.24
22	Richmond	1.24
23	Columbus	1.24
24	Memphis	1.24
25	New York	1.23
26	Kansas City	1.23
27	Raleigh	1.23
28	Las Vegas	1.22
29	Minneapolis	1.22
30	Washington, D.C.	1.21
31	Oklahoma City	1.21
32	Baltimore	1.21
33	Indianapolis	1.19
United States		1.19
34	Miami	1.19
35	Houston	1.18
36	Virginia Beach	1.18
37	Birmingham	1.17
38	Dallas	1.17
39	Charlotte	1.17
40	Sacramento	1.16
41	Boston	1.15
42	Austin	1.14
43	Portland	1.13
44	San Antonio	1.13
45	Atlanta	1.13
46	Nashville	1.12
47	Riverside	1.10
48	Phoenix	1.10
49	Orlando	1.10
50	Tampa	1.05

Associate Degree as Highest Educational Attainment
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Buffalo	12.0
2	Orlando	11.4
3	Pittsburgh	10.8
4	Jacksonville	10.5
5	Minneapolis	10.4
6	Tampa	10.1
7	Sacramento	9.7
8	Virginia Beach	9.4
9	Charlotte	9.4
10	Miami	9.4
11	Raleigh	9.3
12	Salt Lake City	9.3
13	St. Louis	9.3
14	Phoenix	9.3
15	San Antonio	9.2
16	Milwaukee	9.1
17	Detroit	8.9
18	Seattle	8.9
United States		8.8
19	Portland	8.6
20	Cleveland	8.5
21	Riverside	8.5
22	Louisville	8.5
23	Cincinnati	8.5
24	Indianapolis	8.4
25	Las Vegas	8.3
26	Providence	8.3
27	Hartford	8.2
28	Atlanta	8.2
29	Memphis	8.2
30	San Diego	8.0
31	Oklahoma City	7.8
32	Kansas City	7.8
33	Richmond	7.5
34	Dallas	7.5
35	Birmingham	7.4
36	Chicago	7.4
37	Denver	7.4
38	Columbus	7.3
39	Nashville	7.2
40	Houston	7.2
41	Philadelphia	7.1
42	Los Angeles	7.0
43	New Orleans	6.9
44	Boston	6.8
45	Baltimore	6.8
46	New York	6.7
47	San Jose	6.6
48	San Francisco	6.6
49	Austin	6.4
50	Washington, D.C.	5.9

Change in Associate Degree as Highest Educational Attainment
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Los Angeles	3.0
2	San Antonio	1.4
3	Jacksonville	1.3
4	Charlotte	1.3
5	Orlando	1.3
6	Nashville	1.2
7	Atlanta	1.2
8	Houston	1.1
9	New Orleans	1.1
10	St. Louis	1.1
11	Memphis	1.1
12	Pittsburgh	1.0
13	Dallas	0.9
14	Tampa	0.9
United States		0.8
15	Las Vegas	0.8
16	Louisville	0.8
17	Phoenix	0.8
18	Salt Lake City	0.8
19	Oklahoma City	0.7
20	Cleveland	0.7
21	Raleigh	0.6
22	Buffalo	0.6
23	Milwaukee	0.6
24	Detroit	0.6
25	Riverside	0.6
26	Indianapolis	0.6
27	Richmond	0.6
28	Chicago	0.5
29	Minneapolis	0.5
30	Cincinnati	0.4
31	Philadelphia	0.4
32	Miami	0.4
33	Baltimore	0.3
34	Sacramento	0.3
35	Washington, D.C.	0.3
36	New York	0.2
37	Virginia Beach	0.2
38	Kansas City	0.1
39	Portland	0.0
40	Hartford	0.0
41	Austin	-0.2
42	Birmingham	-0.2
43	Columbus	-0.2
44	Seattle	-0.3
45	Denver	-0.3
46	Boston	-0.4
47	Providence	-0.5
48	San Francisco	-0.6
49	San Jose	-0.7
50	San Diego	-2.1

Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	San Jose	55.8
2	Washington, D.C.	54.5
3	San Francisco	53.6
4	Austin	52.1
5	Boston	51.4
6	Raleigh	50.8
7	Denver	49.4
8	Seattle	46.9
9	Minneapolis	45.1
10	Baltimore	44.4
11	New York	43.9
12	San Diego	43.0
13	Philadelphia	42.3
14	Richmond	42.1
15	Atlanta	41.8
16	Portland	41.7
17	Hartford	41.6
18	Chicago	41.1
19	Nashville	41.1
20	Charlotte	40.7
21	Columbus	40.0
22	Kansas City	39.7
23	Dallas	39.4
24	Milwaukee	39.3
25	Indianapolis	38.5
26	St. Louis	38.1
27	Pittsburgh	38.1
28	Salt Lake City	37.9
29	Los Angeles	37.6
30	Miami	37.0
31	Orlando	36.9
32	Cincinnati	36.9
33	Providence	36.7
34	Jacksonville	36.5
35	Sacramento	36.2
36	Cleveland	36.1
37	Houston	36.0
38	Buffalo	36.0
39	Birmingham	36.0
United States		35.7
40	Louisville	35.3
41	Tampa	35.0
42	Phoenix	34.9
43	New Orleans	34.7
44	Virginia Beach	34.7
45	Detroit	34.5
46	Oklahoma City	34.0
47	San Antonio	32.7
48	Memphis	31.9
49	Las Vegas	27.1
50	Riverside	24.1

Change in Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	Austin	11.5
2	Denver	9.5
3	Richmond	9.5
4	San Jose	9.3
5	Orlando	9.2
6	Seattle	9.1
7	Raleigh	8.8
8	Louisville	8.7
9	San Francisco	8.6
10	Nashville	8.5
11	Boston	8.5
12	Jacksonville	8.5
13	Philadelphia	8.3
14	San Diego	8.3
15	Birmingham	8.1
16	New Orleans	8.0
17	Baltimore	8.0
18	Tampa	7.9
19	Dallas	7.8
20	Cleveland	7.7
21	Miami	7.6
22	Pittsburgh	7.6
23	St. Louis	7.4
24	Cincinnati	7.3
25	Providence	7.3
26	Charlotte	7.2
27	New York	7.0
28	Milwaukee	6.8
United States		6.6
29	Portland	6.5
30	Atlanta	6.5
31	Houston	6.4
32	Indianapolis	6.4
33	Chicago	6.3
34	Washington, D.C.	6.3
35	Buffalo	6.3
36	Detroit	6.3
37	Kansas City	6.2
38	San Antonio	6.1
39	Sacramento	5.9
40	Columbus	5.9
41	Los Angeles	5.8
42	Virginia Beach	5.8
43	Memphis	5.7
44	Oklahoma City	5.6
45	Minneapolis	5.6
46	Phoenix	5.6
47	Salt Lake City	5.5
48	Las Vegas	5.0
49	Hartford	5.0
50	Riverside	4.5

Advanced Degrees
Adults with a post-graduate degree as a percent of adults aged 25 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	San Jose	27.7
2	Washington, D.C.	27.2
3	Boston	23.9
4	San Francisco	23.6
5	Baltimore	20.1
6	Austin	19.4
7	Seattle	19.2
8	Raleigh	19.0
9	New York	18.8
10	Hartford	18.5
11	Philadelphia	18.1
12	Denver	18.0
13	San Diego	17.0
14	Chicago	16.6
15	Atlanta	16.4
16	Richmond	16.4
17	Portland	16.2
18	Buffalo	16.2
19	Minneapolis	16.0
20	St. Louis	15.5
21	Kansas City	15.4
22	Pittsburgh	15.1
23	Columbus	14.9
24	Cleveland	14.7
25	Cincinnati	14.6
26	Nashville	14.6
27	Louisville	14.5
28	Milwaukee	14.5
29	Dallas	14.4
30	Virginia Beach	14.3
31	Miami	14.3
32	New Orleans	14.2
33	Providence	14.2
34	Birmingham	14.1
United States		14.0
35	Charlotte	14.0
36	Detroit	14.0
37	Indianapolis	13.8
38	Los Angeles	13.7
39	Salt Lake City	13.7
40	Houston	13.4
41	Sacramento	13.3
42	Phoenix	12.9
43	Tampa	12.8
44	Jacksonville	12.8
45	Orlando	12.7
46	Memphis	12.3
47	San Antonio	12.2
48	Oklahoma City	12.0
49	Las Vegas	9.3
50	Riverside	8.9

Change in Advanced Degrees
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15002)
1	San Jose	7.0
2	Austin	6.1
3	San Francisco	5.9
4	Seattle	5.6
5	Raleigh	4.9
6	Boston	4.8
7	New Orleans	4.8
8	Philadelphia	4.7
9	Louisville	4.4
10	Baltimore	4.2
11	Richmond	4.1
12	Jacksonville	4.0
13	Washington, D.C.	4.0
14	Nashville	3.9
15	Dallas	3.9
16	St. Louis	3.8
17	Denver	3.8
18	Virginia Beach	3.8
19	Cincinnati	3.8
20	Atlanta	3.8
21	San Diego	3.7
22	Cleveland	3.7
23	New York	3.6
24	Miami	3.6
25	Charlotte	3.5
26	Tampa	3.5
27	Kansas City	3.3
28	Pittsburgh	3.3
29	Birmingham	3.3
30	Orlando	3.3
31	Milwaukee	3.3
32	Chicago	3.3
33	Portland	3.2
United States		3.1
34	Houston	3.1
35	Buffalo	3.1
36	Memphis	3.1
37	Sacramento	2.9
38	Detroit	2.9
39	Minneapolis	2.9
40	Columbus	2.8
41	Providence	2.8
42	Los Angeles	2.7
43	San Antonio	2.5
44	Indianapolis	2.5
45	Oklahoma City	2.3
46	Phoenix	2.3
47	Hartford	2.2
48	Riverside	2.1
49	Las Vegas	1.9
50	Salt Lake City	1.8

Racial Disparity in Higher Education
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, adults aged 25 and older, with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Milwaukee	3.21
2	Buffalo	2.22
3	Miami	2.13
4	San Francisco	2.01
5	Hartford	2.00
6	Cleveland	1.97
7	Detroit	1.97
8	Philadelphia	1.94
9	Chicago	1.91
10	Jacksonville	1.87
11	New York	1.86
12	Denver	1.85
13	Richmond	1.85
14	St. Louis	1.82
15	Providence	1.80
16	Cincinnati	1.80
17	Louisville	1.77
18	Pittsburgh	1.77
19	Memphis	1.77
20	Raleigh	1.77
21	Kansas City	1.77
22	Minneapolis	1.76
23	Columbus	1.74
24	New Orleans	1.73
25	Seattle	1.70
26	San Diego	1.68
27	Los Angeles	1.67
28	Indianapolis	1.67
29	Las Vegas	1.65
30	Washington, D.C.	1.61
31	Baltimore	1.61
32	Orlando	1.58
33	Boston	1.58
34	Virginia Beach	1.56
35	Birmingham	1.56
United States		1.56
36	Dallas	1.55
37	Oklahoma City	1.51
38	San Antonio	1.51
39	Houston	1.49
40	Nashville	1.42
41	Sacramento	1.42
42	Charlotte	1.41
43	Atlanta	1.40
44	Austin	1.40
45	Tampa	1.37
46	Phoenix	1.37
47	Portland	1.25
48	Riverside	1.24

A fairly large percentage of adults in the St. Louis region have degrees in science, engineering, and related fields, but the proportion is small relative to the peer regions. Further, there is evidence that there is already a growing shortage of qualified workers in this field. The region has relatively high proportions of adults with degrees in the business and education fields and is below average on percentage with degrees in arts, humanities, and other similar fields.

Degrees in Science, Engineering, and Related Fields
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1	San Jose	65.6
2	San Francisco	56.3
3	Seattle	55.3
4	San Diego	52.4
5	Washington, D.C.	52.3
6	Raleigh	51.2
7	Sacramento	50.9
8	Boston	50.6
9	Houston	50.4
10	Portland	49.2
11	Baltimore	49.1
12	Denver	49.1
13	Hartford	49.0
14	Austin	47.6
15	Richmond	46.8
16	Pittsburgh	46.7
17	Los Angeles	46.5
18	Philadelphia	46.4
19	Detroit	46.4
20	Salt Lake City	46.2
21	Columbus	46.2
22	Virginia Beach	46.2
United States		46.1
23	Riverside	45.8
24	New York	45.2
25	Tampa	45.2
26	Indianapolis	45.1
27	Cincinnati	45.1
28	Minneapolis	45.1
29	Cleveland	44.8
30	Atlanta	44.8
31	New Orleans	44.8
32	Providence	44.7
33	Chicago	44.7
34	San Antonio	44.5
35	Phoenix	44.3
36	Dallas	44.2
37	Miami	44.0
38	Buffalo	43.6
39	St. Louis	43.4
40	Milwaukee	43.3
41	Orlando	42.8
42	Las Vegas	42.7
43	Jacksonville	42.3
44	Louisville	42.3
45	Charlotte	41.5
46	Birmingham	41.4
47	Kansas City	40.6
48	Memphis	40.2
49	Nashville	40.1
50	Oklahoma City	39.0

Degrees in Business
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1	Charlotte	26.6
2	Memphis	26.1
3	Miami	25.7
4	Dallas	25.0
5	Orlando	24.9
6	Las Vegas	24.4
7	Nashville	24.2
8	Atlanta	24.0
9	Jacksonville	23.6
10	Tampa	23.5
11	Birmingham	23.5
12	Phoenix	22.9
13	Houston	22.5
14	Oklahoma City	22.5
15	Detroit	22.2
16	San Antonio	22.1
17	Kansas City	21.8
18	St. Louis	21.7
19	Chicago	21.1
20	Columbus	21.1
21	Riverside	20.9
22	Louisville	20.8
23	Cincinnati	20.7
24	Cleveland	20.5
25	Milwaukee	20.4
26	Minneapolis	20.3
27	Philadelphia	20.3
28	Indianapolis	20.1
29	New York	19.8
30	Denver	19.7
United States		19.5
31	Pittsburgh	19.4
32	Raleigh	19.1
33	Salt Lake City	19.1
34	Austin	19.1
35	New Orleans	18.9
36	Richmond	18.8
37	Buffalo	18.7
38	Los Angeles	18.4
39	Virginia Beach	18.1
40	San Diego	18.0
41	Baltimore	17.9
42	Hartford	17.8
43	Providence	17.6
44	Washington, D.C.	17.3
45	Boston	17.1
46	Sacramento	17.0
47	San Francisco	15.7
48	Seattle	15.4
49	Portland	15.0
50	San Jose	14.6

Degrees in Education
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1	Oklahoma City	13.3
2	St. Louis	12.7
3	Buffalo	12.7
4	Birmingham	12.3
5	Kansas City	12.3
6	Pittsburgh	12.2
7	Milwaukee	12.2
8	Memphis	12.2
9	Cleveland	12.1
10	Virginia Beach	11.9
11	Indianapolis	11.4
12	Louisville	11.1
13	San Antonio	11.0
14	Columbus	10.9
15	Cincinnati	10.9
16	Phoenix	10.9
17	New Orleans	10.9
United States		10.7
18	Jacksonville	10.7
19	Providence	10.6
20	Hartford	10.5
21	Detroit	10.4
22	Orlando	10.3
23	Philadelphia	10.2
24	Miami	10.2
25	Las Vegas	10.0
26	Tampa	9.9
27	Chicago	9.8
28	Nashville	9.7
29	Charlotte	9.7
30	Minneapolis	9.5
31	Houston	9.4
32	Salt Lake City	9.4
33	Baltimore	9.2
34	Dallas	9.0
35	Richmond	9.0
36	Atlanta	8.8
37	New York	8.7
38	Riverside	8.4
39	Portland	8.0
40	Raleigh	8.0
41	Austin	7.4
42	Boston	7.2
43	Seattle	6.4
44	Denver	6.3
45	Sacramento	6.1
46	Washington, D.C.	6.0
47	San Diego	5.9
48	Los Angeles	5.5
49	San Francisco	4.1
50	San Jose	3.7

Degrees in Arts, Humanities, and Other Fields
Percent of population aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15012)
1	Los Angeles	29.5
2	Portland	27.8
3	Providence	27.1
4	New York	26.3
5	Nashville	26.0
6	Sacramento	26.0
7	Austin	25.9
8	Louisville	25.9
9	Richmond	25.5
10	New Orleans	25.4
11	Salt Lake City	25.3
12	Kansas City	25.3
13	Oklahoma City	25.3
14	Minneapolis	25.1
15	Boston	25.1
16	Buffalo	25.1
17	Riverside	24.9
18	Denver	24.9
19	Washington, D.C.	24.5
20	Chicago	24.4
21	Milwaukee	24.1
22	San Francisco	23.9
23	Virginia Beach	23.8
24	Baltimore	23.7
United States		23.7
25	San Diego	23.7
26	Indianapolis	23.4
27	Jacksonville	23.4
28	Cincinnati	23.3
29	Philadelphia	23.1
30	Seattle	22.9
31	Las Vegas	22.8
32	Birmingham	22.8
33	Hartford	22.7
34	Cleveland	22.6
35	San Antonio	22.4
36	Atlanta	22.3
37	St. Louis	22.3
38	Charlotte	22.2
39	Orlando	22.0
40	Phoenix	21.9
41	Dallas	21.8
42	Raleigh	21.7
43	Columbus	21.7
44	Pittsburgh	21.7
45	Memphis	21.6
46	Tampa	21.4
47	Detroit	21.0
48	Miami	20.1
49	Houston	17.7
50	San Jose	16.2

Income and Economic Opportunity

The income of residents in the St. Louis region is about average among the peer regions, but the low cost of living means residents’ dollars go further in St. Louis than in many other areas of the country. While a smaller proportion of the St. Louis population lives in poverty than in many of the peer regions, racial and other disparities are large in the region and mean there is less opportunity to thrive in the economy for some population groups. See page 25 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Income
Change in Income
Wage Structure
Poverty
Economic Opportunity

The St. Louis region is about the same as the U.S. average on measures of overall income but has relatively high racial disparity in income. When the difference in cost of living among the peer regions is considered, the St. Louis region’s income is able to purchase more goods and services due to relatively low prices. Income consists of earned income (wage and salary, supplements to wages and salaries, and proprietors’/self-employment) and unearned income (transfers and dividends, interest, and rent). The region is about average on unearned income but lags behind on the categories of earned income.

Median Household Income
In dollars, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19013)
1	San Jose	148,900
2	San Francisco	128,151
3	Washington, D.C.	117,432
4	Seattle	106,909
5	Boston	104,299
6	Denver	98,975
7	San Diego	98,928
8	Austin	94,604
9	Raleigh	92,739
10	Salt Lake City	91,891
11	New York	91,562
12	Minneapolis	91,341
13	Baltimore	90,505
14	Portland	89,312
15	Sacramento	89,237
16	Los Angeles	87,743
17	Hartford	85,723
18	Atlanta	84,876
19	Philadelphia	84,123
20	Chicago	82,914
21	Phoenix	82,884
22	Dallas	82,823
23	Riverside	82,803
24	Providence	81,784
25	Richmond	81,388
26	Nashville	80,034
27	Jacksonville	77,583
28	Charlotte	77,154
29	Indianapolis	75,824
30	Columbus	75,777
31	Kansas City	75,280
32	Cincinnati	75,062
33	Houston	74,863
United States		74,755
34	Virginia Beach	74,556
35	St. Louis	74,531
36	Orlando	71,857
37	Detroit	71,265
38	Milwaukee	70,898
39	Las Vegas	70,797
40	Miami	70,769
41	Pittsburgh	70,607
42	San Antonio	70,538
43	Louisville	69,547
44	Tampa	69,290
45	Buffalo	68,698
46	Birmingham	67,242
47	Oklahoma City	66,301
48	Cleveland	65,198
49	Memphis	64,008
50	New Orleans	61,602

Racial Disparity in Income
Ratio of non-Hispanic white to non-Hispanic black median household income, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	San Francisco	2.26
2	Milwaukee	2.21
3	Buffalo	2.17
4	Chicago	2.05
5	Cleveland	1.99
6	Cincinnati	1.98
7	Philadelphia	1.96
8	Pittsburgh	1.92
9	New Orleans	1.91
10	Detroit	1.87
11	Minneapolis	1.86
12	Oklahoma City	1.83
13	Indianapolis	1.82
14	Los Angeles	1.80
15	Hartford	1.79
16	Memphis	1.79
17	Kansas City	1.79
18	New York	1.79
19	Denver	1.78
20	Baltimore	1.78
21	Birmingham	1.77
22	St. Louis	1.77
23	Houston	1.68
24	Columbus	1.67
25	Raleigh	1.67
26	Boston	1.67
27	Dallas	1.66
28	Virginia Beach	1.66
29	Richmond	1.65
30	Las Vegas	1.62
31	Louisville	1.61
32	Seattle	1.60
33	Charlotte	1.59
34	San Antonio	1.58
35	Miami	1.58
United States		1.57
36	Jacksonville	1.53
37	San Diego	1.53
38	Washington, D.C.	1.51
39	Portland	1.51
40	Nashville	1.50
41	Sacramento	1.48
42	Atlanta	1.47
43	Phoenix	1.46
44	Orlando	1.44
45	Austin	1.34
46	Tampa	1.34
47	Riverside	1.26
48	Providence	1.07

Per Capita Income
In dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4)
1	San Jose	141,516
2	San Francisco	123,736
3	Boston	94,082
4	Seattle	92,113
5	Denver	84,788
6	New York	84,084
7	Washington, D.C.	83,010
8	Miami	77,732
9	Los Angeles	76,445
10	Minneapolis	75,164
11	Austin	75,119
12	San Diego	74,326
13	Nashville	74,035
14	Philadelphia	73,291
15	Chicago	72,512
16	Baltimore	71,420
17	Raleigh	70,628
18	Dallas	70,493
19	Hartford	69,787
20	St. Louis	69,698
21	Portland	69,435
22	Indianapolis	68,719
23	Houston	68,344
24	Richmond	68,205
25	Milwaukee	68,155
26	Sacramento	66,940
27	Pittsburgh	65,792
United States		65,470
28	Cincinnati	65,253
29	Charlotte	65,156
30	Salt Lake City	65,085
31	Atlanta	64,107
32	Providence	63,746
33	Kansas City	63,417
34	Cleveland	62,921
35	Jacksonville	62,729
36	Birmingham	62,262
37	Phoenix	61,840
38	New Orleans	61,801
39	Louisville	61,490
40	Detroit	61,322
41	Columbus	61,228
42	Oklahoma City	60,687
43	Tampa	60,091
44	Las Vegas	59,150
45	Virginia Beach	57,873
46	Memphis	56,440
47	Buffalo	56,414
48	San Antonio	55,180
49	Orlando	53,959
50	Riverside	50,407

Purchasing Power
Personal income per capita adjusted for regional price levels in constant dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (MARPI)
1	San Jose	106,066
2	San Francisco	90,665
3	Boston	72,595
4	Seattle	70,000
5	Denver	68,202
6	Nashville	66,221
7	Austin	65,662
8	Washington, D.C.	64,419
9	New York	64,252
10	Indianapolis	63,349
11	Minneapolis	63,072
12	Philadelphia	62,880
13	St. Louis	62,283
14	Milwaukee	62,023
15	Raleigh	62,018
16	Pittsburgh	60,556
17	Richmond	60,312
18	Cincinnati	60,302
19	Baltimore	60,234
20	Miami	60,217
21	Houston	59,779
22	Kansas City	59,450
23	Chicago	59,237
24	Birmingham	59,002
25	Dallas	58,823
26	Salt Lake City	58,765
27	Cleveland	58,400
28	Los Angeles	58,384
29	Charlotte	58,093
30	Louisville	57,543
31	Hartford	57,443
32	Oklahoma City	57,388
33	New Orleans	57,016
United States		56,419
34	Columbus	56,260
35	Atlanta	56,079
36	San Diego	56,070
37	Portland	55,152
38	Detroit	55,104
39	Jacksonville	55,028
40	Memphis	53,086
41	Providence	52,990
42	Las Vegas	52,935
43	Sacramento	52,627
44	Tampa	52,065
45	Buffalo	51,909
46	Phoenix	51,523
47	Virginia Beach	51,034
48	San Antonio	50,120
49	Orlando	46,424
50	Riverside	40,914

Average Earnings per Job
In dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4)
1	San Jose	164,396
2	San Francisco	124,167
3	Seattle	103,150
4	Boston	97,533
5	New York	93,485
6	Washington, D.C.	92,321
7	Denver	86,617
8	Hartford	80,637
9	Nashville	80,172
10	Minneapolis	78,695
11	Houston	78,550
12	San Diego	78,488
13	Chicago	78,066
14	Los Angeles	78,053
15	Indianapolis	77,975
16	Philadelphia	77,902
17	Portland	77,792
18	Sacramento	77,513
19	Baltimore	76,896
20	Austin	76,283
21	Charlotte	75,193
22	Dallas	74,414
23	Salt Lake City	73,402
24	Pittsburgh	73,005
25	Raleigh	72,418
26	Detroit	71,701
27	Richmond	71,611
28	Milwaukee	71,601
United States		71,586
29	Kansas City	71,538
30	Cincinnati	70,294
31	St. Louis	69,854
32	Phoenix	69,773
33	Atlanta	68,987
34	Buffalo	68,964
35	Columbus	68,576
36	Providence	68,520
37	Birmingham	67,411
38	Cleveland	67,333
39	Jacksonville	67,010
40	Oklahoma City	65,944
41	Louisville	65,202
42	Virginia Beach	63,682
43	New Orleans	63,375
44	Tampa	63,023
45	Memphis	62,031
46	Las Vegas	61,960
47	Miami	60,347
48	Riverside	60,136
49	San Antonio	59,325
50	Orlando	58,760

Average Wage per Job
In dollars, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4)
1	San Jose	168,183
2	San Francisco	126,019
3	Seattle	100,479
4	Boston	96,341
5	New York	95,390
6	Washington, D.C.	93,880
7	Denver	83,367
8	Austin	83,175
9	Los Angeles	79,609
10	Chicago	78,869
11	San Diego	78,272
12	Houston	76,685
13	Hartford	76,563
14	Dallas	76,110
15	Baltimore	75,980
16	Atlanta	75,864
17	Portland	75,704
18	Philadelphia	75,493
19	Minneapolis	75,099
20	Charlotte	74,188
21	Sacramento	73,857
22	Raleigh	73,162
23	Miami	73,039
24	Detroit	70,859
United States		70,282
25	Salt Lake City	70,080
26	Nashville	70,060
27	Phoenix	69,535
28	Pittsburgh	68,715
29	Richmond	68,144
30	Tampa	67,316
31	Cincinnati	67,183
32	Columbus	67,156
33	Cleveland	67,104
34	Jacksonville	67,032
35	Kansas City	66,913
36	St. Louis	66,560
37	Milwaukee	66,016
38	Indianapolis	65,994
39	Birmingham	64,472
40	Providence	63,865
41	Orlando	63,590
42	Memphis	63,339
43	New Orleans	63,290
44	Las Vegas	62,278
45	Louisville	61,935
46	San Antonio	61,370
47	Virginia Beach	61,311
48	Buffalo	60,955
49	Riverside	58,610
50	Oklahoma City	58,532

In recent years, the St. Louis region experienced a larger increase in per capita income than for the nation as a whole and many peer regions.. While the average wage per job in the region has increased, self-employment income has declined. This has resulted in the St. Louis region diverging from the longer-term trend of tracking the United States on average earnings per job, to now being below average. See page 25 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion.

Change in Median Household Income
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19013); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Phoenix	12.9
2	Riverside	11.9
3	Tampa	11.2
4	Jacksonville	10.7
5	Sacramento	10.1
6	Orlando	9.3
7	Miami	9.2
8	Seattle	9.0
9	Atlanta	8.7
10	San Diego	8.7
11	Denver	8.2
12	Salt Lake City	7.6
13	Austin	7.4
14	Raleigh	7.0
15	Indianapolis	6.6
16	San Jose	6.2
17	Birmingham	6.1
18	Charlotte	5.7
19	San Francisco	5.5
20	Memphis	5.2
21	Providence	5.0
22	Los Angeles	5.0
23	Nashville	4.8
24	San Antonio	4.1
25	Cleveland	4.0
26	Portland	4.0
United States		3.8
27	Buffalo	3.8
28	Las Vegas	3.7
29	Dallas	3.0
30	Philadelphia	2.8
31	Detroit	2.2
32	New Orleans	2.1
33	Cincinnati	2.0
34	Boston	1.9
35	New York	1.8
36	Louisville	1.7
37	Chicago	1.5
38	St. Louis	1.4
39	Pittsburgh	1.1
40	Richmond	0.8
41	Hartford	0.5
42	Milwaukee	-0.1
43	Minneapolis	-0.5
44	Columbus	-0.5
45	Kansas City	-0.6
46	Oklahoma City	-1.3
47	Washington, D.C.	-1.3
48	Houston	-1.7
49	Baltimore	-2.1
50	Virginia Beach	-2.8

Change in per Capita Income
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	San Jose	23.2
2	Denver	20.5
3	Miami	17.8
4	San Francisco	15.7
5	Salt Lake City	14.8
6	Phoenix	14.5
7	Nashville	14.3
8	Seattle	13.3
9	Raleigh	13.2
10	St. Louis	13.0
11	Indianapolis	12.4
12	Austin	11.8
13	Oklahoma City	10.5
14	Riverside	10.4
15	Tampa	10.2
16	Jacksonville	10.1
17	Los Angeles	9.9
18	Portland	9.8
19	Dallas	9.3
20	San Diego	9.3
21	Charlotte	9.1
22	Orlando	8.9
23	Louisville	8.8
24	Las Vegas	8.8
25	Birmingham	8.4
26	Boston	8.1
27	Sacramento	7.5
United States		7.5
28	Cincinnati	7.1
29	Milwaukee	7.0
30	Chicago	6.6
31	Richmond	6.5
32	Minneapolis	6.5
33	Providence	6.1
34	Memphis	6.1
35	Houston	6.0
36	Atlanta	5.4
37	New Orleans	4.7
38	Cleveland	4.5
39	Columbus	4.5
40	Detroit	4.2
41	Baltimore	4.0
42	Kansas City	3.9
43	Pittsburgh	3.9
44	Philadelphia	3.2
45	New York	2.6
46	Washington, D.C.	2.4
47	Virginia Beach	2.3
48	Buffalo	1.7
49	San Antonio	1.6
50	Hartford	-1.5

Change in Purchasing Power
Percent change in personal income per capita adjusted for regional price levels in constant dollars, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (MARPI)
1	San Jose	34.9
2	Salt Lake City	23.8
3	San Francisco	22.5
4	Denver	20.3
5	Nashville	19.9
6	Austin	18.4
7	Miami	17.6
8	Oklahoma City	17.4
9	Milwaukee	16.8
10	Raleigh	16.4
11	Las Vegas	16.0
12	Seattle	15.5
13	Indianapolis	15.0
14	St. Louis	14.9
15	Louisville	14.8
16	Birmingham	14.1
17	Jacksonville	13.4
18	Kansas City	12.2
19	Baltimore	12.2
20	Phoenix	12.2
21	Orlando	12.1
22	Memphis	11.9
23	New Orleans	11.5
24	Charlotte	11.4
United States		10.6
25	Cincinnati	10.4
26	Cleveland	10.2
27	Houston	10.2
28	Tampa	10.1
29	San Diego	10.0
30	Los Angeles	10.0
31	Richmond	9.6
32	Philadelphia	9.6
33	Riverside	9.5
34	Atlanta	9.1
35	Chicago	9.0
36	Minneapolis	8.7
37	Buffalo	8.4
38	Providence	8.2
39	Pittsburgh	8.1
40	Boston	8.1
41	Dallas	8.0
42	Portland	7.6
43	Columbus	7.0
44	San Antonio	6.7
45	Detroit	6.6
46	Virginia Beach	6.3
47	New York	5.9
48	Sacramento	4.1
49	Washington, D.C.	3.7
50	Hartford	-0.1

Change in Average Earnings per Job
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Denver	11.3
2	San Jose	10.3
3	Seattle	9.8
4	San Francisco	8.7
5	Salt Lake City	5.9
6	Indianapolis	5.7
7	Portland	5.2
8	Raleigh	4.7
9	Phoenix	4.7
10	Nashville	4.1
11	Oklahoma City	3.6
12	Boston	3.1
13	Jacksonville	2.7
14	Tampa	1.9
15	Las Vegas	1.1
16	Austin	1.1
17	Charlotte	0.6
18	Providence	0.3
19	Minneapolis	0.2
20	Buffalo	0.2
21	Orlando	-0.2
22	St. Louis	-0.3
23	San Diego	-0.3
24	Louisville	-0.5
United States		-0.6
25	Milwaukee	-1.1
26	Kansas City	-1.2
27	Sacramento	-1.3
28	Riverside	-1.6
29	Richmond	-1.6
30	Miami	-1.9
31	Dallas	-1.9
32	Cincinnati	-2.1
33	Columbus	-2.3
34	Birmingham	-2.4
35	Virginia Beach	-2.9
36	Baltimore	-3.1
37	Pittsburgh	-3.2
38	Los Angeles	-3.2
39	Chicago	-3.3
40	Memphis	-3.5
41	Washington, D.C.	-3.6
42	Detroit	-3.8
43	New York	-4.4
44	New Orleans	-4.6
45	Cleveland	-4.7
46	Houston	-5.9
47	Atlanta	-5.9
48	Hartford	-6.0
49	Philadelphia	-6.6
50	San Antonio	-7.9

Change in Average Wage per Job
Percent change, 2017-2022, adjusted to 2022 dollars
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAINC4); Bureau of Labor Statistics
1	Seattle	15.9
2	Austin	15.7
3	San Francisco	15.1
4	San Jose	13.8
5	Miami	11.7
6	Salt Lake City	10.7
7	Denver	9.0
8	Nashville	8.8
9	Raleigh	8.8
10	Tampa	8.6
11	Portland	8.6
12	Orlando	8.3
13	Phoenix	8.1
14	Boston	7.7
15	Charlotte	7.6
16	San Diego	7.4
17	Jacksonville	7.0
18	Las Vegas	5.9
19	Indianapolis	5.8
United States		5.6
20	Buffalo	5.6
21	Riverside	5.5
22	Atlanta	5.4
23	Richmond	5.4
24	Pittsburgh	5.2
25	Sacramento	5.2
26	Dallas	5.0
27	Chicago	4.9
28	Los Angeles	4.8
29	New York	4.6
30	Columbus	4.4
31	San Antonio	4.2
32	St. Louis	4.1
33	Cleveland	4.1
34	Washington, D.C.	3.8
35	Milwaukee	3.8
36	Memphis	3.7
37	Cincinnati	3.6
38	Philadelphia	3.5
39	Louisville	3.5
40	Virginia Beach	3.4
41	Kansas City	3.4
42	Birmingham	3.2
43	Baltimore	3.2
44	Minneapolis	3.0
45	New Orleans	2.7
46	Providence	2.5
47	Detroit	0.7
48	Hartford	-0.0
49	Oklahoma City	-0.9
50	Houston	-0.9

Most of the jobs in the St. Louis region pay what is considered a middle wage, but the percentage has declined in recent years. High-wage jobs also decreased while low-wage jobs make up an increasing share of the jobs in the region. Nationally, high-wage jobs have increased as a percentage of total jobs, while low- and middle-wage jobs have declined.

Low-Wage Jobs
Percent of jobs that earn less than two-thirds of the national median wage, 2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	Oklahoma City	35.5
2	San Antonio	35.2
3	Las Vegas	34.4
4	Miami	34.1
5	Orlando	33.0
6	Birmingham	32.6
7	Memphis	32.0
8	Riverside	30.0
9	Tampa	29.9
10	New Orleans	29.7
11	Houston	28.8
12	Jacksonville	27.4
13	Dallas	27.4
14	Virginia Beach	27.1
15	Los Angeles	27.0
16	Louisville	26.9
United States		26.6
17	Kansas City	26.4
18	Atlanta	26.4
19	Charlotte	25.8
20	St. Louis	25.6
21	Cleveland	25.3
22	Detroit	24.8
23	Cincinnati	24.7
24	Salt Lake City	24.6
25	Phoenix	24.0
26	Nashville	23.9
27	Columbus	23.6
28	Pittsburgh	23.5
29	Indianapolis	23.3
30	Buffalo	23.2
31	Chicago	22.6
32	Milwaukee	22.5
33	Richmond	22.5
34	San Diego	22.3
35	Sacramento	21.5
36	Raleigh	20.8
37	Philadelphia	20.8
38	New York	20.3
39	Austin	20.2
40	Baltimore	19.9
41	Providence	19.6
42	Denver	18.8
43	Portland	18.8
44	Minneapolis	18.0
45	Hartford	16.4
46	Washington, D.C.	15.7
47	Boston	15.4
48	Seattle	14.3
49	San Francisco	14.2
50	San Jose	11.8

Middle-Wage Jobs
Percent of jobs that earn between two-thirds and two times the national median wage, 2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	Buffalo	65.1
2	Providence	64.2
3	Minneapolis	63.2
4	Hartford	62.5
5	Louisville	62.1
6	Columbus	61.9
7	Pittsburgh	61.9
8	Milwaukee	61.5
9	Denver	61.5
10	Salt Lake City	61.0
11	Virginia Beach	61.0
12	Indianapolis	61.0
13	Phoenix	60.7
14	Portland	60.6
15	Kansas City	60.3
16	Nashville	60.3
17	St. Louis	60.3
18	Cleveland	60.1
19	Richmond	60.1
20	Cincinnati	59.6
21	Philadelphia	59.6
22	Detroit	59.0
23	New Orleans	58.3
24	Chicago	57.8
25	Jacksonville	57.7
26	Birmingham	57.6
27	Baltimore	57.6
28	San Diego	57.1
United States		57.1
29	Memphis	57.1
30	Sacramento	57.0
31	Boston	56.9
32	Riverside	56.5
33	Charlotte	56.4
34	Austin	55.8
35	Atlanta	55.6
36	Raleigh	55.5
37	Tampa	55.5
38	Oklahoma City	55.2
39	Las Vegas	55.2
40	Dallas	54.7
41	Orlando	54.3
42	San Antonio	54.2
43	New York	54.2
44	Houston	54.1
45	Seattle	53.9
46	Los Angeles	52.4
47	Miami	51.8
48	Washington, D.C.	51.1
49	San Francisco	44.9
50	San Jose	42.4

High-Wage Jobs
Percent of jobs that earn over twice the national median wage, 2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	San Jose	45.8
2	San Francisco	40.9
3	Washington, D.C.	33.2
4	Seattle	31.8
5	Boston	27.7
6	New York	25.5
7	Austin	24.0
8	Raleigh	23.6
9	Baltimore	22.5
10	Sacramento	21.5
11	Hartford	21.1
12	San Diego	20.6
13	Los Angeles	20.6
14	Portland	20.6
15	Denver	19.7
16	Philadelphia	19.7
17	Chicago	19.5
18	Minneapolis	18.8
19	Dallas	17.9
20	Atlanta	17.9
21	Charlotte	17.8
22	Richmond	17.4
23	Houston	17.1
United States		16.3
24	Detroit	16.2
25	Providence	16.2
26	Milwaukee	16.0
27	Nashville	15.8
28	Cincinnati	15.7
29	Indianapolis	15.7
30	Phoenix	15.2
31	Jacksonville	14.8
32	Tampa	14.7
33	Pittsburgh	14.6
34	Cleveland	14.6
35	Columbus	14.5
36	Salt Lake City	14.4
37	St. Louis	14.1
38	Miami	14.1
39	Riverside	13.5
40	Kansas City	13.2
41	Orlando	12.8
42	New Orleans	12.0
43	Virginia Beach	11.9
44	Buffalo	11.7
45	Louisville	10.9
46	Memphis	10.9
47	San Antonio	10.7
48	Las Vegas	10.4
49	Birmingham	9.8
50	Oklahoma City	9.3

Change in Low-Wage Jobs
Percentage point difference in low-wage jobs, 2008-2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	Las Vegas	8.3
2	Birmingham	6.2
3	Kansas City	4.5
4	Atlanta	3.7
5	Columbus	3.4
6	Jacksonville	2.8
7	Detroit	2.7
8	Oklahoma City	2.7
9	Philadelphia	2.6
10	Baltimore	2.5
11	St. Louis	2.4
12	Miami	2.2
13	Cincinnati	2.2
14	Hartford	1.9
15	Memphis	1.8
16	Riverside	1.7
17	Sacramento	1.7
18	Minneapolis	1.6
19	Orlando	1.5
20	Louisville	1.4
21	Milwaukee	1.1
22	Boston	1.0
23	Washington, D.C.	0.9
24	Cleveland	0.7
25	San Antonio	0.4
26	Chicago	0.4
27	Tampa	0.4
28	Houston	0.1
29	Charlotte	0.1
30	Richmond	0.0
31	Buffalo	-0.1
United States		-0.2
32	New York	-0.3
33	Virginia Beach	-0.4
34	Indianapolis	-0.5
35	Providence	-0.6
36	Dallas	-0.7
37	Raleigh	-1.1
38	Nashville	-1.2
39	Pittsburgh	-1.2
40	San Francisco	-1.5
41	San Diego	-1.7
42	Seattle	-2.7
43	Phoenix	-2.8
44	Los Angeles	-2.9
45	Portland	-3.5
46	Denver	-3.7
47	Salt Lake City	-4.0
48	San Jose	-4.2
49	New Orleans	-4.7
50	Austin	-8.2

Change in Middle-Wage Jobs
Percentage point difference in middle-wage jobs, 2008-2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	New Orleans	4.9
2	Denver	3.1
3	Salt Lake City	2.8
4	San Diego	2.1
5	Phoenix	2.1
6	Houston	1.9
7	Los Angeles	1.5
8	Austin	1.2
9	Virginia Beach	1.2
10	Detroit	1.0
11	Pittsburgh	0.9
12	Buffalo	0.8
13	Portland	0.7
14	Chicago	0.4
15	Indianapolis	0.3
16	Minneapolis	-0.0
17	Hartford	-0.1
18	Riverside	-0.3
19	Dallas	-0.4
United States		-0.5
20	Louisville	-0.6
21	New York	-0.7
22	Memphis	-0.7
23	Providence	-0.7
24	San Antonio	-0.8
25	Richmond	-1.0
26	Philadelphia	-1.0
27	Kansas City	-1.0
28	Nashville	-1.2
29	Raleigh	-1.2
30	Washington, D.C.	-1.3
31	St. Louis	-1.4
32	Cleveland	-1.5
33	Oklahoma City	-1.6
34	Boston	-1.6
35	Charlotte	-1.6
36	Tampa	-1.8
37	Orlando	-1.8
38	Miami	-2.0
39	Columbus	-2.0
40	Birmingham	-2.1
41	Cincinnati	-2.1
42	San Jose	-2.4
43	Atlanta	-2.5
44	Milwaukee	-2.6
45	Baltimore	-2.6
46	Sacramento	-3.7
47	Jacksonville	-3.9
48	Seattle	-5.5
49	Las Vegas	-5.7
50	San Francisco	-6.9

Change in High-Wage Jobs
Percentage point difference in high-wage jobs, 2008-2022
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	San Francisco	8.4
2	Seattle	8.2
3	Austin	7.0
4	San Jose	6.7
5	Portland	2.8
6	Nashville	2.4
7	Raleigh	2.3
8	Sacramento	2.0
9	Charlotte	1.5
10	Tampa	1.4
11	Milwaukee	1.4
12	Los Angeles	1.4
13	Providence	1.3
14	Salt Lake City	1.2
15	Dallas	1.1
16	Jacksonville	1.1
17	New York	1.0
18	Richmond	0.9
19	Cleveland	0.9
20	Phoenix	0.8
United States		0.7
21	Boston	0.6
22	Denver	0.6
23	Washington, D.C.	0.4
24	San Antonio	0.3
25	Pittsburgh	0.3
26	Orlando	0.3
27	Indianapolis	0.2
28	Baltimore	0.1
29	Cincinnati	-0.0
30	New Orleans	-0.1
31	Miami	-0.2
32	San Diego	-0.4
33	Virginia Beach	-0.7
34	Buffalo	-0.8
35	Louisville	-0.8
36	Chicago	-0.9
37	St. Louis	-1.0
38	Oklahoma City	-1.1
39	Memphis	-1.1
40	Atlanta	-1.2
41	Columbus	-1.4
42	Riverside	-1.4
43	Minneapolis	-1.6
44	Philadelphia	-1.6
45	Hartford	-1.8
46	Houston	-2.0
47	Las Vegas	-2.7
48	Kansas City	-3.5
49	Detroit	-3.6
50	Birmingham	-4.1

The St. Louis region has a lower poverty rate than that of the nation and many of the peer regions, yet there are still a substantial number of people in the region who do not have enough income for what is considered necessary to meet basic needs. The income amount that is considered poverty level varies by household composition. For example, one threshold is $21,811 for a two-adult and one-child household. Non-Hispanic blacks are more likely to be in poverty than non-Hispanic whites as are people with disabilities compared to those without disabilities. These gaps are wider in St. Louis than they are in many of the peer regions. See the Poverty performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Poverty Rate
Individuals living in poverty as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1	New Orleans	15.7
2	Memphis	15.7
3	Oklahoma City	14.4
4	Houston	14.3
5	San Antonio	14.2
6	Birmingham	13.9
7	Detroit	13.8
8	Cleveland	13.7
9	Buffalo	13.5
10	Miami	13.2
11	Las Vegas	13.1
12	Los Angeles	12.9
13	New York	12.8
United States		12.6
14	Columbus	12.4
15	Milwaukee	12.4
16	Tampa	12.3
17	Louisville	12.1
18	Orlando	12.0
19	Riverside	12.0
20	Virginia Beach	11.8
21	Cincinnati	11.8
22	Philadelphia	11.4
23	Pittsburgh	11.2
24	Chicago	11.2
25	Sacramento	11.2
26	Providence	11.0
27	Jacksonville	11.0
28	St. Louis	11.0
29	Indianapolis	10.8
30	Phoenix	10.8
31	Richmond	10.7
32	Kansas City	10.7
33	San Diego	10.6
34	Dallas	10.3
35	Baltimore	10.1
36	Hartford	10.1
37	Atlanta	10.0
38	Nashville	9.8
39	Charlotte	9.8
40	Portland	9.5
41	Austin	9.4
42	San Francisco	9.2
43	Boston	9.2
44	Minneapolis	8.8
45	Seattle	8.6
46	Denver	8.3
47	Washington, D.C.	7.9
48	Raleigh	7.9
49	Salt Lake City	7.4
50	San Jose	7.3

Change in Poverty Rate
Percentage point difference in percentage of individuals living in poverty, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1	Washington, D.C.	-0.5
2	Buffalo	-0.7
3	Hartford	-0.8
4	Pittsburgh	-0.9
5	Baltimore	-1.2
6	Richmond	-1.2
7	Virginia Beach	-1.3
8	Boston	-1.5
9	Oklahoma City	-1.7
10	Cleveland	-1.9
11	Minneapolis	-1.9
12	New York	-2.0
13	Philadelphia	-2.0
14	Houston	-2.1
15	Kansas City	-2.2
16	Providence	-2.5
17	Columbus	-2.6
18	San Francisco	-2.7
19	Birmingham	-2.9
20	San Antonio	-3.0
21	Seattle	-3.1
22	Cincinnati	-3.2
23	Las Vegas	-3.3
24	St. Louis	-3.3
25	Chicago	-3.3
United States		-3.3
26	Milwaukee	-3.5
27	San Jose	-3.5
28	Indianapolis	-3.6
29	Detroit	-3.6
30	New Orleans	-3.7
31	Louisville	-4.0
32	Tampa	-4.1
33	Memphis	-4.2
34	Miami	-4.2
35	Denver	-4.4
36	San Diego	-4.4
37	Nashville	-4.4
38	Portland	-4.5
39	Jacksonville	-4.7
40	Dallas	-4.7
41	Raleigh	-4.8
42	Orlando	-4.9
43	Charlotte	-5.3
44	Salt Lake City	-5.4
45	Sacramento	-5.7
46	Austin	-6.1
47	Atlanta	-6.6
48	Phoenix	-6.6
49	Riverside	-7.1
50	Los Angeles	-13.6

Racial Disparity in Poverty Rate
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white poverty rate, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Minneapolis	4.11
2	Chicago	3.64
3	Buffalo	3.53
4	Milwaukee	3.51
5	Pittsburgh	3.48
6	St. Louis	3.36
7	Denver	3.25
8	Louisville	3.24
9	Indianapolis	3.12
10	Cleveland	3.08
11	Philadelphia	3.08
12	San Francisco	2.95
13	Jacksonville	2.89
14	Richmond	2.86
15	Memphis	2.79
16	Detroit	2.74
17	Dallas	2.73
18	Cincinnati	2.73
19	Washington, D.C.	2.64
20	Virginia Beach	2.63
21	Birmingham	2.62
22	Kansas City	2.61
23	Nashville	2.58
24	Hartford	2.57
25	Houston	2.56
26	Columbus	2.54
27	New York	2.51
28	New Orleans	2.47
29	Raleigh	2.45
30	Boston	2.45
31	Seattle	2.36
32	Baltimore	2.30
United States		2.24
33	Charlotte	2.23
34	Portland	2.22
35	Las Vegas	2.20
36	Miami	2.17
37	Los Angeles	2.15
38	Atlanta	2.09
39	Sacramento	2.08
40	Oklahoma City	2.05
41	San Antonio	2.02
42	Phoenix	2.01
43	Austin	1.81
44	Riverside	1.74
45	Providence	1.73
46	Orlando	1.70
47	San Diego	1.66
48	Tampa	1.64

Children in Poverty
Percent of children under age 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1	Memphis	22.4
2	New Orleans	21.9
3	Houston	20.8
4	Detroit	20.5
5	San Antonio	20.1
6	Cleveland	19.7
7	Oklahoma City	18.1
8	Birmingham	17.9
9	Buffalo	17.7
10	Las Vegas	17.6
11	Miami	17.5
12	New York	16.7
13	Columbus	16.5
14	Louisville	16.4
15	Milwaukee	16.3
United States		16.3
16	Los Angeles	16.2
17	Virginia Beach	16.0
18	Orlando	15.5
19	Riverside	15.5
20	Jacksonville	15.5
21	Tampa	15.3
22	Chicago	15.2
23	Philadelphia	14.8
24	St. Louis	14.6
25	Pittsburgh	14.1
26	Indianapolis	14.0
27	Phoenix	13.9
28	Dallas	13.8
29	Cincinnati	13.6
30	Richmond	13.6
31	Kansas City	13.5
32	Hartford	13.4
33	Providence	13.1
34	Charlotte	13.1
35	Sacramento	13.0
36	Atlanta	12.8
37	Nashville	12.7
38	San Diego	12.4
39	Baltimore	12.4
40	Denver	11.2
41	Portland	10.6
42	Minneapolis	10.3
43	Austin	9.9
44	Washington, D.C.	9.5
45	Boston	9.4
46	Raleigh	9.3
47	San Francisco	9.3
48	Seattle	9.3
49	Salt Lake City	7.6
50	San Jose	6.5

Racial Disparity in Childhood Poverty
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, percent of children under 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Minneapolis	6.73
2	St. Louis	6.29
3	San Francisco	6.22
4	Denver	6.17
5	Pittsburgh	6.00
6	Chicago	5.35
7	Hartford	5.13
8	Milwaukee	4.87
9	Philadelphia	4.67
10	Buffalo	4.55
11	Birmingham	4.54
12	Louisville	4.44
13	Indianapolis	4.40
14	Miami	4.37
15	Richmond	4.33
16	Sacramento	4.27
17	Virginia Beach	4.20
18	Nashville	4.19
19	Memphis	4.18
20	Washington, D.C.	4.11
21	Boston	4.09
22	Raleigh	4.02
23	Cleveland	3.91
24	Jacksonville	3.84
25	Dallas	3.82
26	Houston	3.72
27	Los Angeles	3.71
28	Columbus	3.46
29	Cincinnati	3.41
30	Kansas City	3.36
31	Seattle	3.28
32	Atlanta	3.05
United States		2.92
33	New Orleans	2.90
34	Detroit	2.88
35	Las Vegas	2.85
36	Charlotte	2.77
37	Portland	2.72
38	Baltimore	2.68
39	Austin	2.68
40	Tampa	2.61
41	Oklahoma City	2.58
42	Riverside	2.53
43	Phoenix	2.51
44	New York	2.50
45	Providence	2.47
46	Orlando	2.36
47	San Antonio	2.25
48	San Diego	2.02

Seniors in Poverty
Percent of adults aged 65 and older, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17001)
1	Miami	15.9
2	Los Angeles	13.7
3	New Orleans	13.6
4	New York	13.4
5	Tampa	12.9
6	Providence	12.7
7	Houston	12.5
8	Birmingham	12.3
9	Riverside	12.3
10	Memphis	12.2
11	San Antonio	11.8
12	Baltimore	11.7
13	Orlando	11.6
14	Milwaukee	11.6
15	Cleveland	11.5
16	Boston	11.2
17	Las Vegas	11.1
United States		10.9
18	San Francisco	10.8
19	Buffalo	10.7
20	Detroit	10.6
21	Chicago	10.5
22	Philadelphia	10.5
23	Jacksonville	10.0
24	Phoenix	9.9
25	Sacramento	9.7
26	Kansas City	9.7
27	Seattle	9.7
28	Atlanta	9.7
29	Portland	9.7
30	Dallas	9.6
31	St. Louis	9.6
32	San Diego	9.5
33	Oklahoma City	9.5
34	Cincinnati	9.4
35	Pittsburgh	9.4
36	Columbus	9.3
37	Nashville	9.1
38	Virginia Beach	9.0
39	Charlotte	8.9
40	Richmond	8.9
41	Raleigh	8.7
42	Indianapolis	8.7
43	Louisville	8.6
44	San Jose	8.6
45	Hartford	8.3
46	Minneapolis	8.1
47	Austin	8.0
48	Washington, D.C.	7.8
49	Salt Lake City	7.7
50	Denver	7.1

Persons with Disabilities in Poverty
Percent of persons with disabilities, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18130)
1	Memphis	24.0
2	Cleveland	23.8
3	New York	23.1
4	Milwaukee	22.9
5	Providence	22.7
6	Detroit	22.5
7	Philadelphia	22.5
8	Buffalo	22.1
9	Birmingham	21.9
10	Cincinnati	21.7
11	New Orleans	21.7
12	Columbus	21.7
13	Boston	21.1
14	Miami	20.8
United States		20.7
15	Louisville	20.4
16	Los Angeles	20.3
17	St. Louis	20.0
18	San Antonio	19.9
19	Chicago	19.9
20	Baltimore	19.8
21	Oklahoma City	19.7
22	Kansas City	19.6
23	Indianapolis	19.6
24	Richmond	19.5
25	Houston	19.5
26	Portland	19.5
27	Pittsburgh	19.1
28	Orlando	18.8
29	Minneapolis	18.7
30	Jacksonville	18.5
31	Tampa	18.5
32	Virginia Beach	18.3
33	San Francisco	18.2
34	Charlotte	18.2
35	San Diego	17.6
36	Sacramento	17.4
37	Seattle	17.4
38	Riverside	17.3
39	Phoenix	17.0
40	Hartford	16.7
41	Las Vegas	16.6
42	Dallas	16.6
43	Denver	16.6
44	Nashville	16.4
45	San Jose	16.0
46	Atlanta	15.6
47	Austin	15.4
48	Washington, D.C.	14.3
49	Salt Lake City	14.1
50	Raleigh	13.0

Disparity in Poverty Rates of Adults by Disability Status
Ratio of disabled adults to adults without disabilities, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18130)
1	Minneapolis	3.50
2	Boston	3.39
3	San Jose	3.19
4	Portland	3.15
5	Providence	3.12
6	Milwaukee	3.10
7	Philadelphia	3.08
8	Charlotte	3.08
9	Jacksonville	2.97
10	Denver	2.97
11	Kansas City	2.94
12	Baltimore	2.90
13	San Francisco	2.88
14	Richmond	2.87
15	St. Louis	2.86
16	Seattle	2.85
17	Columbus	2.81
18	Cincinnati	2.79
19	Indianapolis	2.79
20	Cleveland	2.78
21	Hartford	2.75
22	Chicago	2.72
23	Washington, D.C.	2.67
24	New York	2.65
25	Louisville	2.64
26	Salt Lake City	2.64
27	Detroit	2.58
28	Buffalo	2.48
29	Nashville	2.47
United States		2.45
30	Dallas	2.44
31	Pittsburgh	2.40
32	Birmingham	2.40
33	Memphis	2.34
34	San Diego	2.28
35	Phoenix	2.27
36	Sacramento	2.27
37	Atlanta	2.26
38	Orlando	2.18
39	Virginia Beach	2.18
40	Raleigh	2.17
41	Tampa	2.14
42	New Orleans	2.10
43	Riverside	2.06
44	Los Angeles	2.04
45	Austin	2.00
46	Miami	1.98
47	Oklahoma City	1.84
48	Houston	1.81
49	Las Vegas	1.78
50	San Antonio	1.75

Low-Income Population
Population with income at 200% of poverty level or below as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B17002)
1	Memphis	34.1
2	New Orleans	33.8
3	Oklahoma City	32.6
4	San Antonio	31.9
5	Houston	31.8
6	Las Vegas	31.7
7	Miami	31.6
8	Birmingham	30.6
9	Orlando	30.2
10	Riverside	30.1
11	Los Angeles	29.4
12	Buffalo	29.3
13	Tampa	29.2
United States		28.4
14	Detroit	28.3
15	Cleveland	28.2
16	Louisville	27.1
17	Milwaukee	26.7
18	Virginia Beach	26.6
19	Columbus	26.4
20	Phoenix	26.2
21	New York	25.9
22	Jacksonville	25.8
23	Indianapolis	25.8
24	Dallas	25.7
25	Cincinnati	25.4
26	Sacramento	25.3
27	Charlotte	25.3
28	Atlanta	25.0
29	Kansas City	24.9
30	Chicago	24.6
31	Pittsburgh	24.5
32	St. Louis	24.4
33	Philadelphia	24.1
34	San Diego	24.0
35	Providence	23.8
36	Nashville	23.7
37	Richmond	23.6
38	Portland	22.2
39	Baltimore	22.0
40	Salt Lake City	21.6
41	Hartford	21.2
42	Austin	21.2
43	Raleigh	19.8
44	Minneapolis	19.7
45	Denver	19.6
46	Boston	19.4
47	San Francisco	19.0
48	Seattle	18.5
49	Washington, D.C.	17.5
50	San Jose	16.8

The St. Louis region ranks about in the middle of the peer regions on two metrics that indicate the amount of inequality between the rich and the poor. Also, on a measure of income inequality between sexes, the region has a gap that ranks lower than average among the peer regions. The Gini index is a measure of income inequality where a score of zero represents a community where everyone receives equal income and one represents a community where one person collects all the income. See the Income Inequality performance indicator on OneSTL for further discussion.

Income Inequality
Gini coefficient, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19083)
1	New York	0.518
2	Miami	0.515
3	Los Angeles	0.500
4	San Francisco	0.500
5	Boston	0.494
6	New Orleans	0.493
7	Birmingham	0.489
8	Tampa	0.489
9	San Jose	0.487
10	Cleveland	0.486
United States		0.486
11	Chicago	0.483
12	Philadelphia	0.483
13	Orlando	0.483
14	Houston	0.482
15	Memphis	0.480
16	Milwaukee	0.478
17	Detroit	0.477
18	Charlotte	0.477
19	Louisville	0.476
20	Seattle	0.474
21	Oklahoma City	0.474
22	Buffalo	0.473
23	Pittsburgh	0.473
24	Hartford	0.472
25	Cincinnati	0.472
26	Las Vegas	0.471
27	St. Louis	0.470
28	Dallas	0.470
29	Indianapolis	0.469
30	Columbus	0.467
31	Baltimore	0.465
32	Kansas City	0.464
33	Providence	0.464
34	Richmond	0.463
35	Austin	0.461
36	Atlanta	0.461
37	Sacramento	0.460
38	San Diego	0.459
39	Portland	0.458
40	San Antonio	0.457
41	Nashville	0.456
42	Phoenix	0.455
43	Jacksonville	0.453
44	Minneapolis	0.452
45	Denver	0.451
46	Virginia Beach	0.449
47	Washington, D.C.	0.448
48	Raleigh	0.445
49	Riverside	0.437
50	Salt Lake City	0.426

Income Gap
Ratio of income of those at the 80th percentile on the income distribution to those at the 20th percentile, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B19080)
1	New York	6.11
2	New Orleans	5.58
3	Los Angeles	5.46
4	Boston	5.40
5	Philadelphia	5.33
6	San Francisco	5.31
7	Miami	5.29
8	Birmingham	5.20
9	Cleveland	5.12
10	Buffalo	5.12
11	Baltimore	5.09
12	Providence	5.05
13	Detroit	5.04
14	Memphis	4.95
15	Hartford	4.93
16	Houston	4.92
17	Chicago	4.92
United States		4.92
18	Pittsburgh	4.88
19	Milwaukee	4.84
20	Tampa	4.78
21	Oklahoma City	4.77
22	Cincinnati	4.72
23	San Diego	4.67
24	Seattle	4.66
25	St. Louis	4.63
26	Sacramento	4.62
27	Richmond	4.56
28	San Antonio	4.56
29	Indianapolis	4.52
30	Dallas	4.50
31	Columbus	4.49
32	Charlotte	4.43
33	Louisville	4.43
34	Riverside	4.42
35	Kansas City	4.41
36	Orlando	4.40
37	Las Vegas	4.38
38	Portland	4.36
39	Virginia Beach	4.36
40	Washington, D.C.	4.35
41	Denver	4.32
42	Atlanta	4.29
43	San Jose	4.29
44	Raleigh	4.26
45	Austin	4.25
46	Jacksonville	4.23
47	Minneapolis	4.22
48	Phoenix	4.08
49	Nashville	4.07
50	Salt Lake City	3.81

Gender Wage Gap
Ratio of female to male median earnings for full-time year-round workers, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B24022)
1	Los Angeles	0.90
2	Columbus	0.88
3	Las Vegas	0.88
4	Tampa	0.87
5	San Diego	0.86
6	Miami	0.86
7	Phoenix	0.86
8	Hartford	0.86
9	New York	0.85
10	Sacramento	0.85
11	Buffalo	0.85
12	San Francisco	0.85
13	Washington, D.C.	0.85
14	Minneapolis	0.84
15	Philadelphia	0.84
16	Boston	0.84
17	Memphis	0.84
18	Louisville	0.83
19	Nashville	0.83
20	Houston	0.83
21	Portland	0.83
22	Richmond	0.83
23	Riverside	0.83
24	Cleveland	0.82
25	Providence	0.82
United States		0.82
26	Atlanta	0.82
27	Raleigh	0.82
28	Virginia Beach	0.82
29	San Antonio	0.82
30	Dallas	0.82
31	Milwaukee	0.82
32	Baltimore	0.81
33	Denver	0.81
34	Charlotte	0.81
35	Salt Lake City	0.81
36	Kansas City	0.81
37	Orlando	0.81
38	Chicago	0.81
39	Austin	0.79
40	New Orleans	0.79
41	Pittsburgh	0.79
42	Jacksonville	0.79
43	Indianapolis	0.79
44	Seattle	0.79
45	Cincinnati	0.79
46	Detroit	0.77
47	Oklahoma City	0.77
48	St. Louis	0.77
49	Birmingham	0.76
50	San Jose	0.75

Economy

Metrics on the economy indicate some strengths for the St. Louis region, as well as some challenges. The region has a diversity of employment with substantial changes in some industries due to the pandemic. Otherwise, the regional employment has held fairly steady while employment and income took dramatic swings in other regions. Employment is not increasing at the same rate as in many other regions. The region is above average on employment-population ratio and has relatively low unemployment. The region has assets important to the freight industry but is below average on foreign exports. St. Louis also shows potential on some measures of innovation. See page 17 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion on the topics in this section, including more detailed data on what is happening within the St. Louis region. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Broad Measures
Workforce
Employment by Industry
Industry Change
Freight and Exports
Innovation

The economy of the St. Louis region has remained fairly steady relative to many of the peer regions. Employment has grown in the region, but growth in the region is low relative to the peer regions. Gross domestic product (GDP) and change in GDP are about average among the peer regions. The unemployment rate in St. Louis is currently lower than the national average and than many of the peer regions. The gap between the unemployment rate of persons with disabilities compared to those without is about the same as the national average while the gap between black adults compared to white adults is larger in St. Louis than in most of the peer regions.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Dollars per capita, 2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAGDP2); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01003)
1	San Jose	208,155
2	San Francisco	159,207
3	Seattle	128,352
4	Boston	116,654
5	New York	110,267
6	Salt Lake City	106,942
7	Washington, D.C.	103,647
8	Denver	96,722
9	Los Angeles	95,357
10	Hartford	94,069
11	Nashville	91,748
12	Austin	91,716
13	San Diego	90,240
14	Chicago	88,211
15	Minneapolis	87,709
16	Dallas	86,727
17	Houston	86,264
18	Indianapolis	86,077
19	Baltimore	85,130
20	Atlanta	84,508
21	Philadelphia	83,075
22	Charlotte	83,058
23	Cincinnati	82,059
24	Richmond	81,651
25	Portland	81,430
26	Raleigh	80,625
27	Cleveland	78,904
28	Miami	78,796
29	Columbus	78,243
30	Milwaukee	77,294
31	Pittsburgh	77,255
United States		77,243
32	Kansas City	76,727
33	New Orleans	75,455
34	St. Louis	74,982
35	Sacramento	72,941
36	Buffalo	72,919
37	Memphis	72,266
38	Phoenix	72,191
39	Birmingham	70,822
40	Louisville	70,666
41	Orlando	70,354
42	Detroit	70,278
43	Jacksonville	69,920
44	Las Vegas	69,190
45	Tampa	66,676
46	Oklahoma City	64,919
47	Virginia Beach	64,535
48	Providence	63,072
49	San Antonio	61,409
50	Riverside	50,972

Change in Gross Domestic Product per Capita
Percent change, in chained 2017 dollars, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (CAGDP9); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B01003)
1	San Jose	40.4
2	San Francisco	28.3
3	Seattle	20.3
4	Austin	19.9
5	Denver	19.4
6	Miami	18.4
7	Phoenix	18.3
8	Salt Lake City	16.8
9	San Diego	16.6
10	Nashville	15.9
11	Tampa	15.5
12	Boston	14.7
13	Dallas	14.1
14	Los Angeles	14.0
15	New York	13.0
16	Birmingham	12.4
17	Riverside	12.2
18	Portland	11.5
19	Jacksonville	11.2
20	Las Vegas	10.9
21	Orlando	10.5
22	Raleigh	10.3
23	Louisville	10.1
24	San Antonio	10.0
25	Sacramento	9.7
26	Indianapolis	9.0
27	St. Louis	8.9
United States		8.7
28	Atlanta	8.1
29	Richmond	7.5
30	Cleveland	7.3
31	Washington, D.C.	7.0
32	Columbus	6.9
33	Memphis	6.2
34	Charlotte	5.9
35	Chicago	5.6
36	Milwaukee	5.5
37	Buffalo	5.2
38	Kansas City	5.1
39	Minneapolis	4.9
40	Detroit	4.4
41	Cincinnati	3.9
42	Baltimore	3.9
43	Houston	2.4
44	Providence	2.4
45	Philadelphia	2.2
46	Pittsburgh	1.1
47	Virginia Beach	0.7
48	Hartford	-0.5
49	Oklahoma City	-3.0
50	New Orleans	-3.2

Change in Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Austin	22.8
2	Raleigh	14.6
3	Riverside	14.2
4	Nashville	14.1
5	Phoenix	13.7
6	Dallas	13.7
7	Jacksonville	12.2
8	Tampa	12.1
9	Salt Lake City	12.1
10	Orlando	11.6
11	Charlotte	10.8
12	Las Vegas	10.8
13	Sacramento	9.4
14	Atlanta	9.2
15	Denver	8.3
16	San Antonio	8.3
17	Houston	7.5
18	Indianapolis	7.1
19	Miami	6.8
20	San Diego	5.6
21	Seattle	5.4
22	Oklahoma City	5.3
23	Columbus	5.0
24	San Jose	4.5
25	Birmingham	4.5
United States		4.1
26	Portland	4.0
27	Philadelphia	3.7
28	Richmond	3.7
29	San Francisco	3.5
30	Cincinnati	3.4
31	Memphis	2.8
32	Kansas City	2.8
33	Louisville	2.4
34	Los Angeles	2.3
35	New York	1.4
36	St. Louis	1.3
37	Boston	1.3
38	Washington, D.C.	1.2
39	Virginia Beach	0.7
40	Chicago	0.2
41	Providence	0.1
42	Minneapolis	-0.0
43	Detroit	-0.3
44	Baltimore	-0.5
45	Cleveland	-1.1
46	Hartford	-1.7
47	Milwaukee	-1.8
48	Pittsburgh	-2.2
49	New Orleans	-3.3
50	Buffalo	-3.5

Change in Employment
Percent change, 2021-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Las Vegas	9.6
2	Orlando	8.7
3	Austin	8.7
4	Nashville	6.6
5	Dallas	6.5
6	San Diego	6.4
7	San Antonio	5.8
8	San Francisco	5.8
9	New York	5.7
10	Raleigh	5.7
11	Houston	5.6
12	Tampa	5.5
13	Miami	5.5
14	Riverside	5.4
15	Los Angeles	5.4
16	San Jose	5.3
17	Atlanta	5.1
18	Philadelphia	5.0
19	Jacksonville	5.0
20	Portland	4.8
21	Seattle	4.7
22	Sacramento	4.7
23	Charlotte	4.5
24	Denver	4.5
25	Phoenix	4.4
26	Indianapolis	4.4
United States		4.3
27	Salt Lake City	4.2
28	Chicago	4.1
29	Richmond	4.0
30	Detroit	3.8
31	Boston	3.8
32	Oklahoma City	3.7
33	Providence	3.5
34	Columbus	3.5
35	Cincinnati	3.5
36	Kansas City	3.3
37	Buffalo	3.3
38	Louisville	3.0
39	Memphis	2.9
40	Washington, D.C.	2.9
41	St. Louis	2.9
42	New Orleans	2.9
43	Pittsburgh	2.9
44	Minneapolis	2.8
45	Birmingham	2.8
46	Baltimore	2.2
47	Milwaukee	2.2
48	Hartford	2.1
49	Virginia Beach	2.1
50	Cleveland	1.8

Unemployment Rate
Unemployed individuals who are looking for work as a percent of the labor force, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
1	Las Vegas	6.0
2	Cleveland	4.7
3	Chicago	4.6
4	Los Angeles	4.5
5	Pittsburgh	4.5
6	New York	4.3
7	Memphis	4.2
8	Houston	4.2
9	Hartford	4.2
10	Riverside	4.1
11	Philadelphia	4.1
12	Portland	4.0
13	Detroit	3.8
14	New Orleans	3.8
15	Sacramento	3.7
United States		3.6
16	San Antonio	3.6
17	Buffalo	3.6
18	Dallas	3.5
19	Louisville	3.5
20	Cincinnati	3.5
21	Providence	3.5
22	San Diego	3.4
23	Charlotte	3.4
24	Seattle	3.4
25	Boston	3.4
26	Columbus	3.4
27	Phoenix	3.4
28	Baltimore	3.2
29	Virginia Beach	3.2
30	Milwaukee	3.2
31	Raleigh	3.1
32	Washington, D.C.	3.0
33	Richmond	3.0
34	San Francisco	3.0
35	Denver	3.0
36	Orlando	2.9
37	Atlanta	2.9
38	Austin	2.9
39	Jacksonville	2.8
40	Tampa	2.8
41	Oklahoma City	2.8
42	Miami	2.8
43	Indianapolis	2.8
44	St. Louis	2.8
45	Nashville	2.7
46	San Jose	2.7
47	Kansas City	2.6
48	Minneapolis	2.6
49	Birmingham	2.4
50	Salt Lake City	2.3

Change in Unemployment Rate
Percentage point change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
1	Las Vegas	0.8
2	Denver	0.4
3	Portland	0.1
4	San Antonio	0.1
5	Los Angeles	-0.0
6	Boston	-0.1
7	New York	-0.1
8	Memphis	-0.1
9	Nashville	-0.2
10	Dallas	-0.2
11	Hartford	-0.2
12	Chicago	-0.2
13	Austin	-0.3
14	Milwaukee	-0.3
15	San Francisco	-0.4
16	Indianapolis	-0.5
17	Louisville	-0.5
18	Seattle	-0.6
19	San Jose	-0.6
20	San Diego	-0.6
21	Washington, D.C.	-0.6
22	Pittsburgh	-0.6
23	Philadelphia	-0.6
24	Minneapolis	-0.7
25	Columbus	-0.7
United States		-0.7
26	Salt Lake City	-0.7
27	Detroit	-0.7
28	Cincinnati	-0.8
29	Oklahoma City	-0.8
30	Houston	-0.8
31	Sacramento	-0.8
32	Cleveland	-0.8
33	Raleigh	-0.9
34	Charlotte	-0.9
35	Richmond	-0.9
36	Virginia Beach	-0.9
37	Baltimore	-0.9
38	Phoenix	-0.9
39	New Orleans	-1.0
40	Riverside	-1.0
41	St. Louis	-1.0
42	Orlando	-1.0
43	Providence	-1.1
44	Kansas City	-1.2
45	Tampa	-1.3
46	Jacksonville	-1.3
47	Miami	-1.6
48	Atlanta	-1.7
49	Buffalo	-1.7
50	Birmingham	-1.8

Racial Disparity in Unemployment Rate
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white unemployment rate, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Milwaukee	4.79
2	Cleveland	4.48
3	Chicago	3.30
4	Louisville	3.26
5	Birmingham	3.25
6	Nashville	3.17
7	Detroit	3.12
8	Indianapolis	3.08
9	Minneapolis	3.00
10	St. Louis	2.86
11	Memphis	2.84
12	Pittsburgh	2.83
13	Richmond	2.77
14	Jacksonville	2.69
15	Buffalo	2.66
16	Kansas City	2.60
17	Columbus	2.54
18	Washington, D.C.	2.48
19	Portland	2.44
20	Cincinnati	2.42
21	Phoenix	2.41
22	Atlanta	2.35
23	New York	2.33
United States		2.30
24	Denver	2.27
25	Virginia Beach	2.24
26	Philadelphia	2.23
27	Boston	2.23
28	Austin	2.17
29	San Francisco	2.17
30	Raleigh	2.17
31	Miami	2.09
32	Dallas	2.06
33	Charlotte	2.04
34	Orlando	1.97
35	Las Vegas	1.96
36	Sacramento	1.93
37	Houston	1.92
38	Tampa	1.91
39	New Orleans	1.90
40	Los Angeles	1.87
41	Baltimore	1.80
42	Providence	1.72
43	Seattle	1.59
44	Riverside	1.56
45	San Antonio	1.55
46	Oklahoma City	1.54
47	Hartford	1.51
48	San Diego	1.04

Disparity in Unemployment Rate of Adults by Disability Status
Ratio of disabled adults to adults without disabilities, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1	Richmond	3.42
2	Cincinnati	3.24
3	Birmingham	3.18
4	Boston	3.17
5	Minneapolis	3.16
6	Kansas City	3.10
7	Nashville	3.10
8	Raleigh	3.03
9	Charlotte	2.93
10	Orlando	2.86
11	Hartford	2.82
12	Buffalo	2.81
13	Memphis	2.78
14	Pittsburgh	2.76
15	San Francisco	2.73
16	Jacksonville	2.68
17	New York	2.66
18	Austin	2.65
19	San Jose	2.57
20	San Diego	2.54
21	Chicago	2.53
22	Baltimore	2.53
23	Portland	2.51
24	Milwaukee	2.47
25	Denver	2.46
26	Seattle	2.46
27	Atlanta	2.43
28	Providence	2.40
United States		2.40
29	Indianapolis	2.38
30	Miami	2.33
31	Washington, D.C.	2.31
32	Columbus	2.28
33	Riverside	2.28
34	Detroit	2.26
35	St. Louis	2.20
36	Philadelphia	2.11
37	Tampa	2.11
38	Los Angeles	2.09
39	Cleveland	2.07
40	Dallas	2.06
41	Oklahoma City	2.01
42	Houston	1.99
43	Phoenix	1.98
44	Salt Lake City	1.85
45	Sacramento	1.84
46	Louisville	1.73
47	New Orleans	1.71
48	Las Vegas	1.71
49	Virginia Beach	1.70
50	San Antonio	1.58

The employment-population ratio indicates the proportion of the traditional working-age population that is employed, including those not looking for work. St. Louis ranks above average on this metric and had larger growth than the nation in recent years, a positive economic indicator. The other tables in this section provide characteristics of the region’s workforce—a relatively small percentage of foreign-born workers but high proportion of foreign-born workers who are college educated and about average on percentage of young adults who are college-educated. There are also indications of areas for opportunity to engage population groups with a relatively low employment rate, including people with disabilities and a sizeable percentage of youth who are not in school or working.

Employment- Population Ratio
Ratio of employees aged 18-64 to total population aged 18-64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1	Denver	82.4
2	Minneapolis	82.2
3	Salt Lake City	81.5
4	Washington, D.C.	80.1
5	Austin	80.1
6	Nashville	79.6
7	Indianapolis	79.5
8	Kansas City	79.4
9	Boston	79.2
10	Raleigh	79.1
11	Hartford	78.9
12	Charlotte	78.6
13	Richmond	78.5
14	Milwaukee	78.4
15	Portland	78.3
16	Columbus	78.3
17	Louisville	78.2
18	Baltimore	78.1
19	Seattle	78.1
20	Dallas	77.9
21	Cincinnati	77.6
22	St. Louis	77.5
23	San Francisco	77.4
24	Atlanta	77.2
25	Chicago	77.1
26	San Jose	76.9
27	Philadelphia	76.7
28	Providence	76.6
29	Phoenix	76.5
30	Miami	76.5
31	Pittsburgh	76.4
32	Jacksonville	76.4
33	Cleveland	76.3
34	Orlando	75.9
35	Buffalo	75.5
United States		75.1
36	San Diego	75.1
37	Tampa	74.9
38	New York	74.8
39	Oklahoma City	74.8
40	Houston	74.7
41	Birmingham	74.3
42	San Antonio	74.2
43	Virginia Beach	74.0
44	Los Angeles	74.0
45	Sacramento	73.8
46	Las Vegas	73.7
47	Detroit	73.7
48	Memphis	73.6
49	New Orleans	72.0
50	Riverside	71.3

Change in Employment- Population Ratio
Percentage point difference, 2017-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1	Birmingham	5.0
2	Riverside	3.9
3	Philadelphia	3.8
4	Jacksonville	3.7
5	Charlotte	3.4
6	Hartford	3.4
7	Indianapolis	3.4
8	Miami	3.3
9	Sacramento	3.2
10	Phoenix	3.0
11	San Antonio	2.9
12	Tampa	2.9
13	Richmond	2.7
14	Austin	2.5
15	Louisville	2.5
16	Cleveland	2.5
17	Houston	2.4
18	Chicago	2.4
19	Memphis	2.4
20	Orlando	2.3
21	New Orleans	2.3
22	Detroit	2.3
23	Atlanta	2.2
24	Salt Lake City	2.2
25	Dallas	2.1
United States		2.0
26	Baltimore	2.0
27	Denver	2.0
28	Milwaukee	1.9
29	Columbus	1.7
30	Providence	1.7
31	Raleigh	1.6
32	Nashville	1.5
33	Cincinnati	1.5
34	Seattle	1.4
35	Los Angeles	1.4
36	New York	1.3
37	San Diego	1.2
38	St. Louis	1.2
39	Portland	1.2
40	Boston	1.2
41	Pittsburgh	1.1
42	Washington, D.C.	1.0
43	Kansas City	1.0
44	Las Vegas	0.7
45	Oklahoma City	0.7
46	San Francisco	0.6
47	San Jose	0.4
48	Buffalo	0.3
49	Virginia Beach	0.2
50	Minneapolis	0.1

Employment Rate for Adults with Disabilities
Percent of disabled adults aged 18 - 64, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B18120)
1	Austin	61.4
2	Salt Lake City	58.5
3	Denver	58.0
4	Washington, D.C.	54.6
5	Dallas	53.7
6	Raleigh	52.8
7	Minneapolis	52.7
8	Seattle	52.1
9	Phoenix	52.0
10	Las Vegas	51.4
11	Nashville	51.1
12	San Antonio	50.5
13	Indianapolis	50.1
14	Portland	49.5
15	Oklahoma City	49.4
16	Houston	49.3
17	Columbus	49.3
18	Louisville	48.8
19	San Diego	48.7
20	San Francisco	48.7
21	Atlanta	48.2
22	Kansas City	48.0
23	Baltimore	47.8
24	St. Louis	47.3
25	Cincinnati	46.6
26	Boston	46.3
27	San Jose	45.8
28	Pittsburgh	45.7
29	Richmond	45.7
30	Jacksonville	45.5
31	Chicago	45.1
32	Virginia Beach	45.0
33	Miami	44.9
34	Sacramento	44.8
35	Hartford	44.8
36	Charlotte	44.8
37	Milwaukee	44.7
38	Los Angeles	44.5
United States		44.5
39	Philadelphia	44.5
40	Orlando	44.5
41	Providence	44.4
42	Cleveland	43.9
43	New Orleans	42.3
44	Birmingham	42.0
45	Tampa	41.7
46	Buffalo	41.1
47	New York	40.8
48	Detroit	40.6
49	Riverside	39.5
50	Memphis	39.4

Foreign-Born Workers
Percent of all employed persons, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0501)
1	Miami	50.4
2	San Jose	50.3
3	Los Angeles	37.5
4	San Francisco	36.9
5	New York	35.9
6	Washington, D.C.	29.8
7	Houston	29.7
8	Riverside	27.9
9	Las Vegas	27.0
10	San Diego	26.9
11	Seattle	25.4
12	Orlando	24.9
13	Boston	24.0
14	Dallas	23.8
15	Sacramento	23.5
16	Chicago	22.2
17	Tampa	18.9
18	Atlanta	18.9
19	Austin	18.6
20	Hartford	17.4
United States		17.4
21	Phoenix	17.2
22	Raleigh	16.7
23	Salt Lake City	16.5
24	Providence	16.5
25	Portland	15.2
26	Philadelphia	14.7
27	Baltimore	14.3
28	Denver	14.2
29	Charlotte	14.1
30	San Antonio	13.9
31	Minneapolis	13.2
32	Jacksonville	12.5
33	Detroit	12.2
34	Columbus	11.8
35	Indianapolis	11.1
36	Oklahoma City	11.0
37	Nashville	10.7
38	Richmond	10.4
39	Milwaukee	9.5
40	New Orleans	8.7
41	Kansas City	8.5
42	Louisville	8.1
43	Virginia Beach	8.1
44	Buffalo	7.6
45	Memphis	7.5
46	Cleveland	6.9
47	Cincinnati	6.9
48	St. Louis	5.7
49	Pittsburgh	4.7

College-Educated Young Adults
Adults aged 25-34 with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2016
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15001)
1	Boston	58.0
2	San Jose	57.5
3	San Francisco	56.2
4	Washington, D.C.	54.5
5	Raleigh	49.9
6	Pittsburgh	48.0
7	New York	47.8
8	Seattle	46.6
9	Austin	45.7
10	Minneapolis	45.4
11	Chicago	45.2
12	Denver	44.7
13	Hartford	44.6
14	Philadelphia	43.7
15	Baltimore	43.7
16	Portland	42.5
17	Nashville	41.9
18	Kansas City	40.9
19	Milwaukee	40.8
20	Columbus	40.6
21	Richmond	40.3
22	St. Louis	39.7
23	Buffalo	39.3
24	San Diego	39.1
25	Cincinnati	39.0
26	Atlanta	38.8
27	Charlotte	38.5
28	Los Angeles	37.8
29	Providence	37.7
30	Indianapolis	37.4
31	New Orleans	35.7
32	Cleveland	35.7
33	Dallas	35.5
United States		34.9
34	Salt Lake City	34.8
35	Orlando	34.1
36	Detroit	34.0
37	Oklahoma City	33.4
38	Houston	33.2
39	Birmingham	32.4
40	Sacramento	32.2
41	Louisville	31.7
42	Virginia Beach	31.7
43	Miami	31.5
44	Tampa	31.1
45	Jacksonville	30.0
46	Phoenix	29.4
47	Memphis	29.2
48	San Antonio	27.8
49	Las Vegas	22.5
50	Riverside	20.1

Change in College- Educated Young Adults
Percentage point difference, 2012-2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B15001)
1	Austin	17.3
2	San Jose	15.8
3	Seattle	14.2
4	Denver	13.9
5	Jacksonville	13.6
6	Providence	11.1
7	Miami	11.0
8	Dallas	10.8
9	Atlanta	10.6
10	New Orleans	10.5
11	San Diego	10.4
12	San Francisco	10.3
13	Raleigh	10.3
14	Tampa	10.2
15	Los Angeles	10.2
16	Philadelphia	10.1
17	Boston	10.0
18	Louisville	9.8
19	Kansas City	9.6
20	Orlando	9.3
21	New York	8.9
22	Richmond	8.9
23	Cleveland	8.7
24	Virginia Beach	8.6
25	San Antonio	8.6
26	Cincinnati	8.0
27	Sacramento	7.9
28	Phoenix	7.7
29	Chicago	7.7
United States		7.5
30	Birmingham	7.5
31	Nashville	7.5
32	Salt Lake City	7.5
33	Detroit	7.2
34	Memphis	7.2
35	Portland	7.1
36	Washington, D.C.	7.0
37	Indianapolis	6.5
38	Milwaukee	6.3
39	Houston	6.3
40	Charlotte	6.2
41	Minneapolis	5.8
42	St. Louis	5.7
43	Riverside	5.5
44	Baltimore	5.2
45	Hartford	4.2
46	Pittsburgh	4.0
47	Oklahoma City	3.9
48	Las Vegas	3.4
49	Columbus	2.8
50	Buffalo	2.2

College-Educated Foreign-Born Adults
Percent of foreign-born adults aged 25 and older with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0501)
1	Pittsburgh	61.8
2	San Jose	57.7
3	Baltimore	51.6
4	Raleigh	51.2
5	St. Louis	50.7
6	Seattle	50.6
7	Austin	49.0
8	San Francisco	48.2
9	Cincinnati	48.0
10	Washington, D.C.	47.6
11	Cleveland	46.1
12	Detroit	43.5
13	Boston	43.2
14	Philadelphia	43.0
15	Richmond	42.8
16	Memphis	42.3
17	Atlanta	42.1
18	Virginia Beach	41.9
19	Columbus	41.6
20	Buffalo	41.1
21	Charlotte	38.9
22	Louisville	38.8
23	Jacksonville	38.7
24	Minneapolis	38.3
25	Orlando	38.0
26	Portland	37.8
27	Hartford	36.9
28	Milwaukee	36.9
29	Kansas City	36.8
30	New York	36.1
31	San Diego	36.1
32	Dallas	35.8
33	Chicago	35.8
34	Indianapolis	35.6
35	Nashville	35.2
United States		34.7
36	Denver	34.1
37	Tampa	33.7
38	Sacramento	33.2
39	Houston	32.4
40	Miami	32.0
41	New Orleans	30.3
42	Los Angeles	29.6
43	San Antonio	28.7
44	Salt Lake City	28.4
45	Phoenix	28.3
46	Oklahoma City	27.0
47	Las Vegas	24.0
48	Providence	22.8
49	Riverside	21.3

Disconnected Youth
Youth aged 16 to 24 not in school and not working as a percent of all youth, 2015-2019
Source: IPUMS-USA, University of Minnesota
1	Memphis	10.6
2	Riverside	10.5
3	New Orleans	10.4
4	Las Vegas	10.1
5	San Antonio	9.7
6	Birmingham	9.1
7	Houston	8.9
8	Miami	8.8
9	Phoenix	8.6
10	Tampa	8.4
11	New York	8.4
12	Detroit	8.1
13	Atlanta	8.0
14	Sacramento	7.7
15	Philadelphia	7.7
United States		7.6
16	Los Angeles	7.6
17	Baltimore	7.4
18	Oklahoma City	7.4
19	Indianapolis	7.4
20	Orlando	7.4
21	Chicago	7.3
22	Dallas	7.3
23	Louisville	7.3
24	Milwaukee	7.3
25	Charlotte	7.2
26	Jacksonville	7.0
27	Cleveland	7.0
28	Portland	6.6
29	St. Louis	6.4
30	Hartford	6.3
31	San Diego	6.2
32	Nashville	6.1
33	Richmond	6.0
34	Kansas City	5.9
35	Washington, D.C.	5.9
36	Virginia Beach	5.8
37	Cincinnati	5.8
38	Raleigh	5.7
39	Seattle	5.7
40	Buffalo	5.7
41	San Francisco	5.6
42	Providence	5.6
43	Pittsburgh	5.5
44	Austin	5.4
45	Denver	5.4
46	Columbus	5.3
47	San Jose	5.2
48	Salt Lake City	5.0
49	Boston	3.8
50	Minneapolis	3.6

The St. Louis region is similar to the nation in the composition of employment by industry. The two exceptions are that St. Louis has a larger proportion of employment in the health and social assistance sector and a smaller percentage in the government sector.

Government Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Sacramento	23.1
2	Washington, D.C.	21.7
3	Virginia Beach	19.7
4	Oklahoma City	18.9
5	San Diego	16.1
6	Baltimore	16.0
7	Buffalo	15.9
8	Richmond	15.9
9	Hartford	15.9
10	Columbus	15.8
11	Birmingham	15.7
12	San Antonio	15.5
13	Riverside	15.0
14	Austin	14.6
United States		14.5
15	Raleigh	13.9
16	Salt Lake City	13.7
17	Houston	13.3
18	New York	13.2
19	Kansas City	13.0
20	Memphis	12.8
21	Denver	12.8
22	San Francisco	12.6
23	Providence	12.6
24	Seattle	12.5
25	Cleveland	12.4
26	Minneapolis	12.3
27	Portland	12.2
28	New Orleans	12.2
29	Charlotte	12.0
30	Indianapolis	12.0
31	Los Angeles	11.7
32	Cincinnati	11.5
33	Atlanta	11.2
34	Dallas	11.2
35	Boston	11.1
36	Chicago	11.1
37	Philadelphia	11.0
38	Nashville	10.8
39	Miami	10.8
40	St. Louis	10.7
41	Louisville	10.4
42	Phoenix	10.3
43	Tampa	10.3
44	Jacksonville	10.0
45	Las Vegas	9.9
46	Pittsburgh	9.6
47	Milwaukee	9.4
48	Detroit	9.2
49	Orlando	9.0
50	San Jose	8.3

Health and Social Assistance Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Philadelphia	18.0
2	New York	17.2
3	Hartford	16.9
4	Pittsburgh	16.7
5	Milwaukee	16.4
6	Providence	16.4
7	Cleveland	15.6
8	St. Louis	15.5
9	Los Angeles	15.4
10	Minneapolis	15.3
11	Sacramento	15.2
12	Riverside	14.8
13	Baltimore	14.6
14	Oklahoma City	13.7
15	Detroit	13.6
16	Buffalo	13.6
United States		13.5
17	Cincinnati	13.3
18	Indianapolis	13.3
19	Phoenix	13.2
20	New Orleans	13.1
21	San Diego	12.9
22	Portland	12.8
23	Kansas City	12.8
24	San Antonio	12.8
25	Columbus	12.5
26	Richmond	12.3
27	San Jose	12.1
28	Virginia Beach	12.1
29	Nashville	12.0
30	Birmingham	11.9
31	Raleigh	11.1
32	Houston	11.0
33	Atlanta	10.7
34	Denver	10.5
35	Dallas	10.1
36	Washington, D.C.	10.0
37	Las Vegas	9.7
38	Austin	9.3
39	Charlotte	8.7

Retail Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Miami	11.8
2	Tampa	11.2
3	Riverside	10.9
4	Jacksonville	10.8
5	Orlando	10.8
6	Providence	10.8
7	San Antonio	10.6
8	New Orleans	10.6
9	Phoenix	10.6
10	Oklahoma City	10.4
11	Buffalo	10.4
12	Birmingham	10.4
13	Las Vegas	10.4
14	Virginia Beach	10.3
15	Charlotte	10.2
16	Raleigh	10.2
United States		10.1
17	Atlanta	10.1
18	Pittsburgh	10.1
19	Detroit	10.0
20	Kansas City	9.7
21	Houston	9.7
22	Salt Lake City	9.7
23	Memphis	9.5
24	Portland	9.5
25	Sacramento	9.5
26	Richmond	9.5
27	Philadelphia	9.5
28	Dallas	9.4
29	St. Louis	9.4
30	Chicago	9.2
31	Nashville	9.2
32	Louisville	9.2
33	Cleveland	9.1
34	Cincinnati	9.1
35	Austin	9.1
36	Minneapolis	9.1
37	San Diego	9.0
38	Columbus	8.9
39	Los Angeles	8.9
40	Baltimore	8.9
41	Indianapolis	8.9
42	Hartford	8.9
43	New York	8.8
44	Milwaukee	8.8
45	Denver	8.6
46	Seattle	8.5
47	Washington, D.C.	7.9
48	San Francisco	7.6
49	San Jose	6.4

Leisure and Hospitality Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Las Vegas	25.9
2	Orlando	19.1
3	New Orleans	13.8
4	San Diego	12.6
5	San Antonio	12.2
6	Los Angeles	11.7
7	Miami	11.5
8	Virginia Beach	11.4
9	Oklahoma City	11.3
10	Providence	11.2
11	Jacksonville	11.2
12	Nashville	10.9
13	Tampa	10.9
14	Austin	10.9
15	Riverside	10.8
16	Cincinnati	10.7
17	Charlotte	10.5
18	Denver	10.5
19	Houston	10.4
United States		10.4
20	Raleigh	10.4
21	Sacramento	10.2
22	Phoenix	10.2
23	St. Louis	10.1
24	Buffalo	10.0
25	Kansas City	9.9
26	Atlanta	9.7
27	Pittsburgh	9.7
28	Dallas	9.7
29	Louisville	9.7
30	San Francisco	9.6
31	Chicago	9.5
32	Memphis	9.4
33	Richmond	9.4
34	Indianapolis	9.3
35	Portland	9.3
36	Columbus	9.3
37	Cleveland	9.1
38	Boston	9.1
39	Washington, D.C.	9.1
40	Minneapolis	9.0
41	Detroit	8.9
42	Milwaukee	8.9
43	Seattle	8.8
44	New York	8.8
45	Birmingham	8.7
46	Baltimore	8.7
47	Philadelphia	8.6
48	San Jose	8.3
49	Salt Lake City	8.2
50	Hartford	7.9

Manufacturing Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	San Jose	15.5
2	Milwaukee	13.5
3	Detroit	12.4
4	Louisville	12.2
5	Cleveland	11.3
6	Minneapolis	10.4
7	Cincinnati	10.4
8	Portland	10.3
9	Buffalo	9.8
10	Hartford	9.7
11	Chicago	8.6
12	Providence	8.6
United States		8.4
13	Charlotte	8.4
14	Indianapolis	8.3
15	St. Louis	8.3
16	Salt Lake City	7.9
17	Los Angeles	7.7
18	Nashville	7.7
19	San Diego	7.7
20	Seattle	7.6
21	Kansas City	7.6
22	Virginia Beach	7.3
23	Dallas	7.3
24	Pittsburgh	7.2
25	Birmingham	7.0
26	Houston	6.9
27	Memphis	6.7
28	Boston	6.6
29	Columbus	6.5
30	Phoenix	6.4
31	San Francisco	6.3
32	Riverside	6.0
33	Philadelphia	5.9
34	Atlanta	5.9
35	Austin	5.5
36	New Orleans	5.3
37	Oklahoma City	5.2
38	San Antonio	5.0
39	Tampa	5.0
40	Raleigh	4.8
41	Richmond	4.7
42	Denver	4.5
43	Jacksonville	4.5
44	Baltimore	4.2
45	Sacramento	3.8
46	Orlando	3.7
47	New York	3.5
48	Miami	3.4
49	Las Vegas	2.7
50	Washington, D.C.	1.7

Financial Activities Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Jacksonville	9.5
2	Tampa	9.4
3	Phoenix	9.4
4	Charlotte	9.2
5	Hartford	9.0
6	San Antonio	8.8
7	Dallas	8.8
8	New York	8.1
9	Richmond	8.1
10	Salt Lake City	7.9
11	Birmingham	7.9
12	Minneapolis	7.7
13	Philadelphia	7.5
14	Miami	7.5
15	Columbus	7.5
16	Denver	7.4
17	Louisville	7.0
18	Kansas City	7.0
19	Cleveland	7.0
20	St. Louis	6.9
21	Cincinnati	6.9
22	Nashville	6.8
23	Chicago	6.8
24	Boston	6.7
25	Indianapolis	6.6
26	Atlanta	6.6
27	Pittsburgh	6.5
28	Orlando	6.4
29	Providence	6.4
30	Detroit	6.3
31	Portland	6.2
32	Buffalo	6.2
33	Austin	6.1
34	Milwaukee	5.9
United States		5.9
35	San Francisco	5.9
36	Raleigh	5.7
37	Houston	5.5
38	Baltimore	5.5
39	Las Vegas	5.4
40	Oklahoma City	5.4
41	Los Angeles	5.3
42	New Orleans	5.1
43	Virginia Beach	5.1
44	San Diego	5.0
45	Seattle	4.9
46	Sacramento	4.9
47	Washington, D.C.	4.7
48	Memphis	4.2
49	San Jose	3.3
50	Riverside	2.8

Information Sector Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	San Jose	9.2
2	Seattle	6.9
3	San Francisco	6.2
4	Los Angeles	4.2
5	Austin	4.1
6	Atlanta	3.8
7	Raleigh	3.5
8	Denver	3.4
9	New York	3.3
10	Salt Lake City	3.1
11	Boston	3.0
12	Nashville	2.8
13	Washington, D.C.	2.4
14	Portland	2.2
15	Dallas	2.2
16	St. Louis	2.0
United States		2.0
17	Miami	2.0
18	Charlotte	2.0
19	Tampa	1.9
20	Orlando	1.9
21	Pittsburgh	1.9
22	Phoenix	1.9
23	Philadelphia	1.8
24	Jacksonville	1.7
25	Chicago	1.7
26	New Orleans	1.7
27	Birmingham	1.7
28	San Antonio	1.7
29	Columbus	1.6
30	Hartford	1.6
31	Minneapolis	1.5
32	Kansas City	1.5
33	Cleveland	1.5
34	Detroit	1.5
35	Milwaukee	1.5
36	San Diego	1.4
37	Louisville	1.3
38	Las Vegas	1.2
39	Cincinnati	1.2
40	Baltimore	1.2
41	Virginia Beach	1.2
42	Providence	1.1
43	Indianapolis	1.1
44	Buffalo	1.1
45	Houston	1.0
46	Sacramento	1.0
47	Richmond	1.0
48	Oklahoma City	0.9
49	Memphis	0.8
50	Riverside	0.6

Professional and Business Services Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Washington, D.C.	24.3
2	San Jose	21.9
3	Austin	21.4
4	San Francisco	21.3
5	Raleigh	20.6
6	Detroit	19.9
7	Atlanta	19.7
8	Denver	19.6
9	Tampa	19.4
10	Orlando	19.4
11	Boston	19.3
12	Seattle	18.8
13	Dallas	18.7
14	San Diego	18.6
15	Chicago	18.4
16	Baltimore	18.1
17	Miami	18.1
18	Richmond	18.0
19	Salt Lake City	17.9
20	Nashville	17.5
21	Charlotte	17.3
22	Kansas City	17.2
23	Phoenix	16.9
24	Indianapolis	16.7
25	Columbus	16.6
26	Houston	16.6
27	New York	16.5
28	Pittsburgh	16.5
29	Philadelphia	16.5
30	Cincinnati	16.5
31	Portland	16.3
32	Jacksonville	16.2
33	Los Angeles	16.1
34	Minneapolis	15.7
35	St. Louis	15.6
36	Memphis	15.1
37	Virginia Beach	15.0
38	Las Vegas	14.9
United States		14.8
39	Cleveland	14.7
40	Milwaukee	14.4
41	San Antonio	14.3
42	Sacramento	13.9
43	Buffalo	13.7
44	New Orleans	13.6
45	Birmingham	13.6
46	Oklahoma City	13.4
47	Louisville	13.4
48	Hartford	13.1
49	Providence	13.0
50	Riverside	10.8

Transportation and Warehousing Employment
Percent of total employment, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Memphis	13.2
2	Riverside	12.9
3	Louisville	9.5
4	Columbus	8.2
5	Indianapolis	8.0
6	Jacksonville	7.2
7	Dallas	6.5
8	Atlanta	6.5
9	Nashville	6.4
10	Las Vegas	6.4
11	Chicago	6.1
12	Kansas City	6.0
13	Charlotte	5.9
14	Cincinnati	5.9
15	Houston	5.7
16	Salt Lake City	5.6
17	Baltimore	5.6
18	Miami	5.4
19	Birmingham	5.4
20	New Orleans	5.1
21	Phoenix	5.0
22	Oklahoma City	4.9
23	Richmond	4.9
24	Detroit	4.9
25	Philadelphia	4.8
26	Denver	4.8
27	St. Louis	4.5
28	Seattle	4.5
29	Hartford	4.4
30	Orlando	4.4
United States		4.4
31	Portland	4.3
32	New York	4.2
33	Los Angeles	4.2
34	San Francisco	4.2
35	Pittsburgh	4.1
36	Minneapolis	4.1
37	Milwaukee	4.0
38	Buffalo	4.0
39	San Antonio	4.0
40	Virginia Beach	3.8
41	Sacramento	3.8
42	Cleveland	3.4
43	Raleigh	3.4
44	Tampa	3.4
45	Providence	3.3
46	Austin	2.7
47	San Diego	2.6
48	Washington, D.C.	2.3
49	San Jose	1.7

In recent years, the St. Louis region and the nation have seen substantial employment changes in some industries in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The leisure and hospitality and the transportation and warehousing industries are particularly noteworthy. Due to public health policies and changes in consumer behavior at the start of the pandemic the leisure and hospitality industry experienced large declines in employment. Those same factors resulted in increased growth in the transportation and warehousing industry as online shopping boomed during the pandemic.

Change in Government Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Houston	6.3
2	Las Vegas	5.3
3	Dallas	4.6
4	Sacramento	4.6
5	Birmingham	4.3
6	Nashville	3.9
7	Indianapolis	3.3
8	Austin	3.1
9	Memphis	2.8
10	Washington, D.C.	2.5
11	San Antonio	2.2
12	Denver	1.9
13	Charlotte	1.8
14	Raleigh	1.8
15	Atlanta	1.6
16	Columbus	1.4
17	Jacksonville	1.2
18	Salt Lake City	0.9
19	San Jose	0.4
20	Phoenix	0.3
21	San Diego	0.2
22	Orlando	-0.2
23	Richmond	-0.5
24	Boston	-0.5
25	Providence	-0.5
26	Riverside	-0.6
27	Hartford	-0.8
United States		-0.8
28	Philadelphia	-0.9
29	Detroit	-1.2
30	Oklahoma City	-1.3
31	Baltimore	-1.3
32	Cincinnati	-1.4
33	Kansas City	-2.2
34	Miami	-2.3
35	New York	-2.3
36	Los Angeles	-2.4
37	San Francisco	-2.5
38	Minneapolis	-2.8
39	Tampa	-2.8
40	Virginia Beach	-3.2
41	Buffalo	-4.0
42	St. Louis	-4.3
43	Portland	-4.3
44	Pittsburgh	-4.5
45	Chicago	-4.6
46	Cleveland	-4.6
47	Louisville	-5.7
48	Seattle	-6.1
49	New Orleans	-6.6
50	Milwaukee	-6.9

Change in Health and Social Assistance Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Las Vegas	22.3
2	Raleigh	19.2
3	Riverside	18.6
4	Phoenix	17.7
5	Austin	17.3
6	Sacramento	14.3
7	San Diego	13.2
8	Atlanta	12.7
9	San Jose	12.2
10	New York	12.1
11	Los Angeles	11.0
12	Nashville	10.6
13	Charlotte	10.4
14	Oklahoma City	10.2
15	Indianapolis	10.1
16	Houston	9.4
17	Dallas	7.8
18	Portland	7.7
19	Philadelphia	6.3
20	New Orleans	5.6
United States		5.3
21	Kansas City	5.2
22	Minneapolis	4.4
23	Denver	4.4
24	Washington, D.C.	4.3
25	Cincinnati	2.8
26	San Antonio	2.6
27	Columbus	2.4
28	Birmingham	1.7
29	Virginia Beach	1.5
30	St. Louis	0.6
31	Richmond	0.6
32	Milwaukee	-0.1
33	Hartford	-0.5
34	Cleveland	-1.8
35	Providence	-2.5
36	Baltimore	-2.6
37	Pittsburgh	-3.2
38	Detroit	-3.9
39	Buffalo	-6.8

Change in Retail Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Austin	8.9
2	Phoenix	5.9
3	Jacksonville	5.8
4	Charlotte	5.8
5	Salt Lake City	5.6
6	Oklahoma City	4.6
7	San Antonio	4.2
8	Nashville	4.1
9	Atlanta	3.7
10	Las Vegas	3.5
11	Tampa	3.4
12	Dallas	3.2
13	Houston	1.7
14	Raleigh	1.6
15	Orlando	0.6
16	Riverside	-0.2
17	Birmingham	-0.5
18	Sacramento	-0.6
19	Denver	-1.2
20	Richmond	-1.5
21	Providence	-1.5
22	Miami	-1.7
23	Columbus	-1.8
24	Portland	-1.9
United States		-2.0
25	Indianapolis	-3.4
26	Philadelphia	-3.7
27	Seattle	-3.7
28	Kansas City	-3.7
29	Los Angeles	-4.0
30	Cleveland	-4.9
31	Cincinnati	-5.5
32	Chicago	-5.8
33	Detroit	-5.8
34	Louisville	-5.9
35	New Orleans	-6.1
36	Washington, D.C.	-6.5
37	Minneapolis	-6.6
38	Pittsburgh	-6.9
39	San Diego	-7.1
40	Memphis	-7.4
41	Milwaukee	-7.9
42	St. Louis	-8.1
43	Virginia Beach	-8.5
44	Hartford	-8.5
45	Baltimore	-8.8
46	Buffalo	-9.2
47	New York	-9.8
48	San Francisco	-11.3
49	San Jose	-14.1

Change in Leisure and Hospitality Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Nashville	10.6
2	Austin	10.2
3	Salt Lake City	8.9
4	Riverside	8.0
5	Houston	7.1
6	Dallas	6.3
7	Oklahoma City	5.6
8	Phoenix	5.4
9	Sacramento	5.2
10	Tampa	5.0
11	Raleigh	4.2
12	Orlando	3.4
13	San Antonio	3.0
14	Jacksonville	2.2
15	Charlotte	1.5
16	Denver	0.5
17	Kansas City	0.5
18	Atlanta	-0.1
19	Miami	-0.5
20	Columbus	-0.8
21	San Diego	-1.1
22	Cincinnati	-1.3
United States		-1.3
23	Los Angeles	-1.9
24	Richmond	-2.1
25	Providence	-2.2
26	Indianapolis	-2.5
27	Las Vegas	-3.2
28	Philadelphia	-3.4
29	Virginia Beach	-4.5
30	Milwaukee	-4.9
31	Louisville	-5.2
32	St. Louis	-6.1
33	Seattle	-6.2
34	New York	-6.3
35	Birmingham	-6.4
36	Hartford	-6.4
37	Portland	-6.5
38	San Jose	-6.6
39	Minneapolis	-6.6
40	Pittsburgh	-6.7
41	Chicago	-7.3
42	Boston	-7.6
43	Washington, D.C.	-8.9
44	Cleveland	-9.0
45	Memphis	-9.1
46	Detroit	-10.3
47	Buffalo	-11.5
48	San Francisco	-12.6
49	Baltimore	-12.7
50	New Orleans	-13.4

Change in Manufacturing Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Las Vegas	25.1
2	Austin	22.6
3	Phoenix	18.7
4	Orlando	17.6
5	San Antonio	16.2
6	Sacramento	12.9
7	Raleigh	12.0
8	Jacksonville	11.0
9	Dallas	10.7
10	Salt Lake City	10.5
11	Tampa	10.4
12	San Francisco	9.6
13	Virginia Beach	9.2
14	San Jose	7.4
15	San Diego	7.3
16	Atlanta	6.9
17	Miami	6.5
18	Kansas City	6.4
19	Oklahoma City	6.4
20	Minneapolis	3.7
21	Charlotte	3.7
22	Denver	3.6
23	Baltimore	3.5
24	Washington, D.C.	3.3
25	Memphis	3.3
26	Birmingham	3.2
United States		3.1
27	Indianapolis	2.7
28	Buffalo	2.7
29	Portland	2.7
30	Columbus	2.5
31	Houston	1.9
32	Nashville	1.9
33	St. Louis	1.3
34	Louisville	1.2
35	Riverside	1.0
36	Cincinnati	0.9
37	Richmond	0.9
38	Providence	0.2
39	Philadelphia	-1.2
40	Boston	-1.3
41	Detroit	-2.3
42	Chicago	-2.4
43	Milwaukee	-2.5
44	Cleveland	-2.8
45	Pittsburgh	-3.4
46	New Orleans	-3.6
47	Hartford	-3.8
48	New York	-5.1
49	Los Angeles	-6.7
50	Seattle	-10.0

Change in Financial Activities Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Austin	29.9
2	Raleigh	28.0
3	Charlotte	25.2
4	Tampa	22.0
5	Dallas	21.5
6	Orlando	20.4
7	Phoenix	17.7
8	Atlanta	16.8
9	Miami	16.2
10	Las Vegas	15.7
11	Nashville	15.0
12	Richmond	13.2
13	Indianapolis	12.2
14	Houston	11.5
15	Salt Lake City	10.6
16	San Antonio	9.8
17	Jacksonville	9.4
18	Cleveland	9.3
19	Oklahoma City	8.7
20	Denver	8.0
21	Detroit	7.9
22	Portland	7.6
23	St. Louis	7.3
United States		7.0
24	Philadelphia	6.0
25	Cincinnati	5.6
26	Virginia Beach	5.3
27	San Jose	5.3
28	Seattle	5.2
29	Riverside	4.7
30	Birmingham	3.5
31	San Diego	3.2
32	Chicago	3.2
33	New York	3.1
34	Louisville	2.6
35	Minneapolis	1.9
36	Pittsburgh	1.8
37	San Francisco	1.4
38	Columbus	0.4
39	Boston	0.1
40	Sacramento	-0.6
41	Washington, D.C.	-1.3
42	Milwaukee	-1.4
43	Providence	-1.8
44	Kansas City	-2.5
45	Memphis	-2.8
46	Los Angeles	-3.4
47	New Orleans	-5.0
48	Baltimore	-6.2
49	Buffalo	-8.4
50	Hartford	-9.6

Change in Information Sector Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Austin	68.5
2	San Francisco	44.2
3	Jacksonville	44.1
4	Nashville	34.2
5	Seattle	31.0
6	New Orleans	30.1
7	San Jose	24.7
8	Birmingham	23.7
9	Salt Lake City	17.2
10	Charlotte	16.7
11	Pittsburgh	15.1
12	Las Vegas	14.9
13	Raleigh	14.8
14	Phoenix	14.3
15	Tampa	13.8
16	Cleveland	13.7
17	Philadelphia	13.4
18	Denver	13.0
19	Orlando	10.7
20	Atlanta	10.6
United States		9.2
21	Washington, D.C.	9.0
22	New York	8.7
23	Miami	8.4
24	Dallas	8.0
25	Los Angeles	7.9
26	Portland	6.2
27	Columbus	4.6
28	Boston	2.4
29	Chicago	2.4
30	St. Louis	2.1
31	Houston	1.9
32	Detroit	0.7
33	Memphis	-1.8
34	Cincinnati	-2.2
35	Baltimore	-4.6
36	Kansas City	-5.1
37	San Diego	-6.0
38	Louisville	-6.5
39	Providence	-8.1
40	Milwaukee	-8.8
41	San Antonio	-10.6
42	Richmond	-10.7
43	Minneapolis	-10.7
44	Riverside	-12.1
45	Hartford	-15.2
46	Sacramento	-16.7
47	Buffalo	-16.9
48	Virginia Beach	-17.0
49	Indianapolis	-17.6
50	Oklahoma City	-24.7

Change in Professional and Business Services Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Austin	46.9
2	Dallas	28.9
3	Raleigh	25.1
4	Seattle	24.4
5	Orlando	22.9
6	Tampa	22.8
7	Riverside	22.1
8	Nashville	21.8
9	San Diego	19.3
10	San Antonio	18.1
11	Denver	18.1
12	Jacksonville	17.7
13	Miami	16.6
14	Las Vegas	16.5
15	Salt Lake City	15.4
16	Phoenix	13.6
17	Indianapolis	12.5
18	Atlanta	12.4
19	Birmingham	12.0
20	Charlotte	11.6
21	Houston	11.6
22	Sacramento	11.4
23	Cincinnati	10.6
24	San Francisco	10.3
25	Portland	10.1
United States		9.8
26	Oklahoma City	9.4
27	Boston	9.3
28	Richmond	9.2
29	Los Angeles	9.0
30	Baltimore	8.4
31	Virginia Beach	8.3
32	Washington, D.C.	7.7
33	San Jose	7.5
34	Philadelphia	6.8
35	New York	6.1
36	Louisville	5.7
37	Columbus	5.2
38	Pittsburgh	4.5
39	Chicago	4.2
40	Buffalo	4.1
41	Providence	3.9
42	Memphis	3.7
43	St. Louis	3.6
44	Hartford	1.4
45	Detroit	1.1
46	Kansas City	1.0
47	New Orleans	0.9
48	Minneapolis	-0.1
49	Cleveland	-0.6
50	Milwaukee	-3.8

Change in Transportation and Warehousing Employment
Percent change, 2017-2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics
1	Raleigh	81.1
2	Riverside	78.6
3	Austin	66.5
4	Oklahoma City	57.9
5	Las Vegas	56.0
6	Nashville	51.5
7	Columbus	50.2
8	Orlando	48.3
9	Jacksonville	47.9
10	Sacramento	47.8
11	Cincinnati	47.0
12	Hartford	45.1
13	San Antonio	43.5
14	Tampa	43.3
15	Phoenix	41.7
16	Charlotte	40.7
17	Detroit	37.6
18	Dallas	34.3
19	Denver	33.6
20	Philadelphia	33.5
21	Baltimore	33.4
22	Atlanta	31.8
23	Miami	31.5
24	Kansas City	30.7
25	Houston	29.8
26	Indianapolis	29.4
27	Portland	29.4
28	Birmingham	28.9
29	Milwaukee	28.6
United States		28.4
30	Salt Lake City	28.1
31	Richmond	27.8
32	San Diego	25.6
33	Louisville	25.2
34	San Jose	24.7
35	Buffalo	22.9
36	Memphis	22.6
37	St. Louis	19.5
38	Chicago	19.0
39	San Francisco	18.7
40	Cleveland	17.6
41	Virginia Beach	16.7
42	Seattle	15.1
43	Washington, D.C.	14.8
44	Los Angeles	14.4
45	New York	13.2
46	Providence	12.9
47	Minneapolis	9.1
48	Pittsburgh	4.6
49	New Orleans	-0.4

The region has many assets in the freight industry, exemplified by the metrics in this section. St. Louis has a large volume and value of freight imported to, exported from, or shipped within the region compared to most of the peer regions. This section also includes indication of an area for potential growth for the region, as the amount of foreign exports is below average.

Foreign Exports
In billions of dollars, 2018
Source: International Trade Administration
1	Houston	120.7
2	New York	97.7
3	Los Angeles	64.8
4	Seattle	59.7
5	Chicago	47.3
6	Detroit	44.1
7	New Orleans	36.6
8	Dallas	36.3
9	Miami	35.7
10	San Francisco	27.4
11	Cincinnati	27.4
12	Boston	24.5
13	Atlanta	24.1
14	Philadelphia	23.7
15	San Jose	22.2
16	Portland	21.4
17	San Diego	20.2
Peer Average		20.0
18	Minneapolis	20.0
19	Charlotte	14.1
20	Phoenix	13.6
21	Washington, D.C.	13.6
22	Hartford	13.1
23	Austin	12.9
24	Memphis	12.7
25	San Antonio	11.7
26	Indianapolis	11.1
27	St. Louis	10.9
28	Pittsburgh	9.8
29	Salt Lake City	9.7
30	Riverside	9.7
31	Cleveland	9.4
32	Louisville	9.0
33	Nashville	8.7
34	Columbus	7.5
35	Milwaukee	7.3
36	Kansas City	7.3
37	Providence	6.2
38	Sacramento	6.2
39	Baltimore	6.0
40	Buffalo	5.3
41	Tampa	5.0
42	Denver	4.5
43	Virginia Beach	4.0
44	Richmond	3.5
45	Raleigh	3.2
46	Orlando	3.1
47	Jacksonville	2.4
48	Birmingham	2.2
49	Las Vegas	2.2
50	Oklahoma City	1.5

Freight Tonnage
Amount of freight imported to, exported from, or shipped within the region in thousands of tons, 2020
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Freight Analysis Framework 5.4.1 Note: The geography is Combined Statistical Areas.
1	Houston	1,514,426
2	New York	1,259,118
3	Los Angeles	1,146,073
4	Chicago	1,039,539
5	Dallas	890,814
6	New Orleans	725,077
7	Detroit	561,465
8	San Francisco	535,566
9	Minneapolis	527,700
10	Seattle	492,677
11	Philadelphia	489,677
12	Atlanta	462,093
13	Boston	459,490
14	Miami	417,809
15	San Antonio	378,955
Peer Average		372,271
16	St. Louis	369,500
17	Portland	356,509
18	Austin	345,564
19	Washington, D.C.	311,650
20	Nashville	292,323
21	Denver	291,735
22	Cleveland	290,138
23	Pittsburgh	286,622
24	Phoenix	256,753
25	Kansas City	250,193
26	Columbus	249,500
27	Indianapolis	227,168
28	Salt Lake City	222,799
29	Cincinnati	210,367
30	Tampa	203,703
31	Milwaukee	200,805
32	Birmingham	192,439
33	Baltimore	182,856
34	Orlando	176,813
35	Virginia Beach	175,334
36	Raleigh	157,431
37	Louisville	143,117
38	Buffalo	139,549
39	Jacksonville	135,110
40	San Diego	133,074
41	Sacramento	132,495
42	Charlotte	125,880
43	Las Vegas	122,401
44	Oklahoma City	121,630
45	Richmond	120,001
46	Memphis	91,357
47	Hartford	81,429

Freight Value
Value of freight imported to, exported from, or shipped within the region in millions of dollars, 2020
Source: Federal Highway Administration, Freight Analysis Framework 5.4.1 Note: The geography is Combined Statistical Areas.
1	New York	2,391,429
2	Los Angeles	2,356,269
3	Chicago	1,519,918
4	Houston	1,205,817
5	Dallas	1,065,900
6	San Francisco	898,492
7	Detroit	890,982
8	Atlanta	748,506
9	Boston	740,392
10	Philadelphia	701,633
11	Seattle	563,327
12	Miami	508,110
Peer Average		475,509
13	Minneapolis	426,425
14	Columbus	383,388
15	Phoenix	338,993
16	St. Louis	329,245
17	Portland	328,861
18	Washington, D.C.	325,076
19	San Diego	321,430
20	Indianapolis	318,326
21	Cleveland	315,617
22	Denver	302,446
23	New Orleans	289,607
24	Baltimore	279,097
25	Nashville	276,590
26	Louisville	275,016
27	Cincinnati	269,669
28	Salt Lake City	266,366
29	Kansas City	263,128
30	Memphis	262,872
31	San Antonio	242,422
32	Pittsburgh	241,211
33	Austin	227,388
34	Orlando	224,097
35	Sacramento	216,871
36	Tampa	216,731
37	Charlotte	215,194
38	Milwaukee	213,022
39	Buffalo	187,509
40	Jacksonville	183,949
41	Raleigh	174,265
42	Virginia Beach	167,285
43	Birmingham	159,568
44	Richmond	145,629
45	Hartford	145,064
46	Oklahoma City	113,884
47	Las Vegas	111,919

This section offers indicators of an innovative economy, which is a goal of many metropolitan regions. Innovation is thought to generate more economic growth and income. While the region is below average on many of these indicators, St. Louis has some assets, including relatively moderate paying STEM jobs and is about average on percentage of jobs in STEM. Further, the region ranks competitively on patents and would likely rank higher if plant patents were included in the data. See page 35 of Where We Stand 8th Edition for further discussion.

Patents
Utility patents granted per 10,000 employees, 2015
Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; Bureau of Economic Analysis
1	San Jose	132.7
2	San Francisco	40.3
3	San Diego	34.9
4	Austin	27.5
5	Raleigh	24.8
6	Seattle	23.8
7	Boston	21.8
8	Portland	18.6
9	Minneapolis	17.3
10	Detroit	16.8
11	Hartford	12.9
12	Houston	10.3
13	Washington, D.C.	9.7
14	Cincinnati	9.7
United States		9.5
15	Salt Lake City	9.2
16	Phoenix	8.9
17	Cleveland	8.7
18	Dallas	8.7
19	Chicago	8.3
20	Denver	8.2
21	New York	8.1
22	Atlanta	8.1
23	Philadelphia	8.1
24	Milwaukee	7.9
25	Kansas City	7.5
26	Pittsburgh	7.5
27	Indianapolis	7.0
28	Providence	6.8
29	Sacramento	6.6
30	Baltimore	5.9
31	St. Louis	5.5
32	Miami	5.1
33	Memphis	5.1
34	Tampa	4.8
35	Louisville	4.6
36	Buffalo	4.5
37	Las Vegas	4.4
38	Columbus	4.2
39	Richmond	4.0
40	San Antonio	4.0
41	Charlotte	3.8
42	Orlando	3.8
43	Riverside	3.3
44	Jacksonville	3.0
45	Oklahoma City	2.4
46	Nashville	2.4
47	New Orleans	2.2
48	Birmingham	2.1
49	Virginia Beach	1.8

STEM Annual Median Wage
Annual median wage for STEM occupations, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1	San Jose	167,930
2	San Francisco	138,080
3	Seattle	129,240
4	Washington, D.C.	124,610
5	New York	112,280
6	Boston	108,920
7	San Diego	108,340
8	Sacramento	106,830
9	Baltimore	105,430
10	Los Angeles	105,240
11	Denver	104,980
12	Charlotte	103,730
13	Hartford	101,800
14	Raleigh	101,440
15	Atlanta	100,940
16	Portland	100,720
17	Dallas	100,250
18	Minneapolis	99,530
19	Chicago	99,310
20	Philadelphia	98,850
21	Detroit	98,350
22	Austin	98,220
23	Providence	98,200
United States		97,980
24	Richmond	96,120
25	Houston	96,030
26	Phoenix	95,500
27	Virginia Beach	93,370
28	Columbus	91,390
29	Riverside	89,860
30	St. Louis	87,850
31	Cleveland	87,350
32	Cincinnati	86,030
33	Kansas City	85,400
34	Orlando	85,270
35	Tampa	84,640
36	San Antonio	84,340
37	New Orleans	83,710
38	Salt Lake City	83,690
39	Jacksonville	83,610
40	Pittsburgh	83,100
41	Miami	82,740
42	Milwaukee	81,910
43	Buffalo	81,740
44	Oklahoma City	81,350
45	Indianapolis	81,150
46	Birmingham	81,130
47	Nashville	80,650
48	Memphis	80,070
49	Las Vegas	79,680
50	Louisville	79,330

STEM Employment
Jobs requiring knowledge of science, technology, engineering, or math as a percent of all jobs, 2022
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics
1	San Jose	22.4
2	Seattle	13.3
3	San Francisco	12.6
4	Washington, D.C.	12.3
5	Austin	11.5
6	Raleigh	10.7
7	Boston	10.7
8	Denver	10.0
9	San Diego	9.3
10	Portland	9.2
11	Detroit	9.0
12	Baltimore	8.9
13	Salt Lake City	8.8
14	Minneapolis	8.3
15	Dallas	7.8
16	Hartford	7.5
17	Atlanta	7.3
18	Charlotte	7.2
19	Kansas City	7.0
20	Sacramento	6.9
21	Pittsburgh	6.9
22	Philadelphia	6.9
23	Phoenix	6.9
24	Virginia Beach	6.8
25	Richmond	6.7
26	Houston	6.6
United States		6.6
27	Columbus	6.5
28	St. Louis	6.5
29	Milwaukee	6.4
30	Cincinnati	6.2
31	Oklahoma City	6.1
32	Tampa	6.0
33	Nashville	5.9
34	New York	5.9
35	Cleveland	5.9
36	Los Angeles	5.8
37	Chicago	5.6
38	Indianapolis	5.5
39	Orlando	5.5
40	Providence	5.4
41	Jacksonville	5.1
42	Buffalo	5.1
43	San Antonio	5.1
44	Birmingham	5.0
45	Louisville	5.0
46	Miami	4.6
47	New Orleans	4.4
48	Memphis	4.3
49	Las Vegas	3.3
50	Riverside	3.0

Incorporated Self-Employment
Percent of employed population that is self-employed in own incorporated business, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B24080)
1	Miami	7.8
2	Tampa	6.0
3	Orlando	5.5
4	Jacksonville	5.4
5	Los Angeles	5.1
6	New Orleans	5.0
7	Atlanta	4.9
8	Denver	4.8
9	Chicago	4.6
10	San Diego	4.6
11	Charlotte	4.6
12	New York	4.3
13	Portland	4.3
14	Raleigh	4.2
15	Phoenix	4.2
16	Oklahoma City	4.2
17	Birmingham	4.2
18	Baltimore	4.1
United States		4.0
19	Austin	4.0
20	Salt Lake City	4.0
21	Minneapolis	4.0
22	Seattle	3.9
23	Las Vegas	3.8
24	Sacramento	3.8
25	Providence	3.7
26	Riverside	3.7
27	Houston	3.7
28	Dallas	3.7
29	San Francisco	3.6
30	Philadelphia	3.6
31	Detroit	3.6
32	Richmond	3.5
33	Washington, D.C.	3.4
34	Cleveland	3.4
35	St. Louis	3.4
36	Kansas City	3.4
37	Boston	3.4
38	Hartford	3.3
39	Buffalo	3.3
40	Indianapolis	3.3
41	Columbus	3.3
42	Louisville	3.2
43	Milwaukee	3.1
44	San Antonio	3.1
45	Virginia Beach	3.1
46	Pittsburgh	3.0
47	San Jose	2.9
48	Memphis	2.9
49	Nashville	2.9
50	Cincinnati	2.8

Crime

Crime in the United States, and the St. Louis region, has been on a long-term decline but violent crimes, particularly murders, increased in recent years. However, following a national trend, the murder rate decreased from 2020 to 2022 in the region. This section uses two sources of data that provide slightly different perspectives. The data under “crime rates” is from the FBI Uniform Crime Report, documenting crimes where they occur. The data in the “victims” section is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which provides data on the location of the victim’s residence. St. Louis ranks about average on most indicators and has a relatively high rate of murder. See page 69 of Where We Stand – 8th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Crime Rates
Victims

The overall crime rate for the St. Louis region is slightly higher than the national average and lower than many of the peer regions. Property crimes comprise a vast majority of all crimes and drive the overall crime rates. St. Louis is above the national average on violent and property crime rates, yet still has lower rates than a number of the peer regions. Murder and rape are two types of violent crimes. St. Louis has a relatively large rate of murders and is below average on the rape crime rate.

Total Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1	Memphis	5,681
2	Denver	4,566
3	Seattle	4,315
4	San Antonio	4,080
5	Portland	3,809
6	Salt Lake City	3,450
7	Houston	3,411
8	New Orleans	3,361
9	Las Vegas	3,099
10	San Jose	2,932
11	Oklahoma City	2,905
12	Milwaukee	2,754
13	Virginia Beach	2,699
14	Charlotte	2,678
15	Philadelphia	2,663
16	Minneapolis	2,661
17	Columbus	2,617
18	Austin	2,603
19	Nashville	2,596
20	Birmingham	2,578
21	St. Louis	2,570
22	Riverside	2,562
23	Dallas	2,536
24	Indianapolis	2,520
25	Sacramento	2,507
26	Baltimore	2,373
United States		2,324
27	Buffalo	2,239
28	Richmond	2,207
29	Detroit	2,197
30	Jacksonville	2,178
31	Atlanta	2,098
32	San Diego	2,061
33	Hartford	2,035
34	Cleveland	2,025
35	Raleigh	1,826
36	Cincinnati	1,819
37	Washington, D.C.	1,594
38	Providence	1,456
39	New York	1,334
40	Boston	1,302

Property Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1	Memphis	4,338
2	Denver	3,964
3	Seattle	3,857
4	San Antonio	3,496
5	Portland	3,412
6	Salt Lake City	3,075
7	Houston	2,826
8	New Orleans	2,707
9	Las Vegas	2,629
10	San Jose	2,532
11	Oklahoma City	2,475
12	Virginia Beach	2,342
13	Columbus	2,338
14	Minneapolis	2,328
15	Austin	2,253
16	Philadelphia	2,244
17	Charlotte	2,243
18	Dallas	2,187
19	St. Louis	2,166
20	Milwaukee	2,134
21	Riverside	2,120
22	Sacramento	2,067
23	Birmingham	2,044
24	Nashville	2,040
25	Indianapolis	2,019
26	Richmond	1,955
United States		1,954
27	Buffalo	1,928
28	Hartford	1,873
29	Baltimore	1,834
30	Jacksonville	1,758
31	Atlanta	1,722
32	San Diego	1,669
33	Detroit	1,668
34	Cleveland	1,624
35	Cincinnati	1,601
36	Raleigh	1,574
37	Washington, D.C.	1,390
38	Providence	1,199
39	New York	1,182
40	Boston	1,029

Violent Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1	Memphis	1,343
2	New Orleans	654
3	Milwaukee	620
4	Denver	602
5	Houston	585
6	San Antonio	584
7	Nashville	556
8	Baltimore	539
9	Birmingham	534
10	Detroit	529
11	Indianapolis	501
12	Las Vegas	471
13	Seattle	458
14	Riverside	442
15	Sacramento	440
16	Charlotte	434
17	Oklahoma City	430
18	Jacksonville	420
19	Philadelphia	419
20	St. Louis	404
21	Cleveland	401
22	San Jose	400
23	Portland	397
24	San Diego	393
25	Atlanta	376
26	Salt Lake City	375
United States		370
27	Virginia Beach	357
28	Austin	350
29	Dallas	349
30	Minneapolis	333
31	Buffalo	311
32	Columbus	279
33	Boston	272
34	Providence	257
35	Richmond	253
36	Raleigh	252
37	Cincinnati	218
38	Washington, D.C.	205
39	Hartford	162
40	New York	152

Murder Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1	New Orleans	27.1
2	Memphis	23.9
3	Birmingham	18.0
4	Milwaukee	14.6
5	Virginia Beach	12.9
6	Baltimore	12.5
7	St. Louis	11.6
8	Richmond	11.5
9	Philadelphia	11.2
10	Indianapolis	11.0
11	Detroit	10.0
12	San Antonio	9.8
13	Houston	9.5
14	Cleveland	9.3
15	Atlanta	8.8
16	Jacksonville	8.3
17	Las Vegas	7.6
18	Buffalo	7.5
19	Charlotte	7.5
20	Denver	7.0
21	Columbus	7.0
22	Riverside	6.3
United States		6.3
23	Portland	6.1
24	Nashville	6.0
25	Oklahoma City	5.6
26	Seattle	5.4
27	Sacramento	5.3
28	Dallas	5.2
29	Hartford	5.1
30	Cincinnati	4.8
31	Austin	4.7
32	Minneapolis	4.2
33	Raleigh	3.8
34	Washington, D.C.	3.5
35	Salt Lake City	3.3
36	San Diego	3.3
37	San Jose	2.3
38	New York	2.1
39	Boston	1.8
40	Providence	1.4

Rape Crime Rate
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: FBI, Uniform Crime Reports (Tables 1, 6)
1	Salt Lake City	73.2
2	San Antonio	70.7
3	Columbus	68.5
4	Denver	65.8
5	San Jose	64.4
6	Oklahoma City	58.2
7	Las Vegas	55.2
8	Austin	49.6
9	New Orleans	48.7
10	Memphis	48.3
11	Houston	48.0
12	Detroit	46.0
13	Portland	45.0
14	Dallas	41.9
15	Minneapolis	40.5
United States		40.0
16	Indianapolis	39.9
17	Cleveland	38.3
18	Milwaukee	38.3
19	Nashville	38.2
20	Atlanta	36.4
21	Providence	35.0
22	Seattle	34.9
23	St. Louis	34.0
24	Cincinnati	34.0
25	Baltimore	33.4
26	Sacramento	31.7
27	Jacksonville	31.3
28	Riverside	29.3
29	Virginia Beach	27.8
30	Philadelphia	26.4
31	Buffalo	25.9
32	Boston	25.8
33	Charlotte	25.5
34	Birmingham	24.9
35	San Diego	23.7
36	Washington, D.C.	23.7
37	Raleigh	21.4
38	Richmond	20.9
39	Hartford	17.5
40	New York	11.6

St. Louis has one of the highest age-adjusted rates of homicides among the peer regions. Over the last few decades, the rate has increased more in the region than in most of the peer regions. Over a shorter time period, it is closer to the average change among the peer regions. Most homicides are committed with firearms and blacks are disproportionately likely to be murdered.

Homicides
Per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	New Orleans	34.9
2	Memphis	29.4
3	Birmingham	20.7
4	St. Louis	16.9
5	Milwaukee	16.5
6	Baltimore	15.1
7	Louisville	14.5
8	Cleveland	13.4
9	Kansas City	13.4
10	Virginia Beach	13.4
11	Philadelphia	12.8
12	Chicago	12.7
13	Detroit	12.5
14	Richmond	12.5
15	Indianapolis	12.1
16	Jacksonville	11.7
17	Atlanta	11.3
18	Houston	10.3
19	Buffalo	9.5
20	Phoenix	8.6
21	Las Vegas	8.5
22	Columbus	8.4
23	Miami	8.3
24	San Antonio	8.2
25	Charlotte	8.2
United States		7.7
26	Nashville	7.7
27	Washington, D.C.	7.4
28	Denver	7.3
29	Riverside	6.9
30	Pittsburgh	6.9
31	Cincinnati	6.6
32	Dallas	6.5
33	Orlando	6.5
34	Oklahoma City	6.4
35	San Francisco	6.1
36	Los Angeles	6.1
37	Tampa	5.9
38	Portland	5.6
39	Seattle	5.5
40	Sacramento	5.3
41	Minneapolis	4.5
42	Austin	4.3
43	Raleigh	4.1
44	New York	3.9
45	San Diego	3.3
46	Salt Lake City	3.0
47	Providence	2.4
48	San Jose	2.2
49	Boston	2.0

Change in Homicides
Point difference in age-adjusted rate, 1999-2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data for 2022 is preliminary.
1	New Orleans	18.0
2	Memphis	15.9
3	Cleveland	8.9
4	Louisville	8.4
5	St. Louis	8.1
6	Birmingham	7.8
7	Milwaukee	7.3
8	Buffalo	6.5
9	Virginia Beach	4.9
10	Philadelphia	4.9
11	Columbus	4.6
12	Atlanta	3.9
13	Indianapolis	3.7
14	Kansas City	3.1
15	Cincinnati	2.9
16	Jacksonville	2.7
17	Houston	2.5
18	Portland	2.4
19	Pittsburgh	2.1
20	Chicago	2.1
21	Denver	2.0
22	Seattle	1.8
United States		1.7
23	Minneapolis	1.6
24	Baltimore	1.3
25	Tampa	1.1
26	Richmond	0.9
27	Austin	0.9
28	Orlando	0.6
29	Nashville	0.5
30	Miami	0.4
31	Sacramento	0.4
32	San Francisco	0.4
33	Oklahoma City	0.3
34	Riverside	0.2
35	Boston	0.1
36	San Antonio	0.0
37	San Jose	0.0
38	Detroit	-0.1
39	San Diego	-0.1
40	Dallas	-0.2
41	Salt Lake City	-0.6
42	Providence	-0.6
43	Las Vegas	-0.6
44	Raleigh	-0.7
45	Washington, D.C.	-1.1
46	Phoenix	-1.4
47	New York	-1.7
48	Los Angeles	-1.7
49	Charlotte	-1.8

Change in Homicides
Point difference in age-adjusted rate, 2019-2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data for 2022 is preliminary.
1	New Orleans	13.5
2	Memphis	7.6
3	Milwaukee	7.5
4	Louisville	5.5
5	Virginia Beach	5.0
6	Philadelphia	4.0
7	Cleveland	4.0
8	Buffalo	3.7
9	Birmingham	3.5
10	Chicago	3.4
11	Detroit	3.2
12	Richmond	2.9
13	Atlanta	2.9
14	Portland	2.8
15	Houston	2.7
16	Phoenix	2.7
17	Las Vegas	2.7
18	Denver	2.4
19	Indianapolis	2.4
20	Seattle	2.3
21	St. Louis	2.2
22	Columbus	2.2
23	Kansas City	2.1
24	San Francisco	2.0
25	San Antonio	2.0
26	Washington, D.C.	1.7
United States		1.7
27	Pittsburgh	1.7
28	Los Angeles	1.7
29	Orlando	1.5
30	Minneapolis	1.5
31	Austin	1.5
32	Charlotte	1.2
33	Dallas	0.9
34	Tampa	0.8
35	Riverside	0.8
36	New York	0.8
37	San Diego	0.8
38	Sacramento	0.7
39	Cincinnati	0.7
40	Miami	0.6
41	Jacksonville	0.6
42	Raleigh	0.5
43	Nashville	0.5
44	Boston	0.2
45	Providence	0.0
46	San Jose	-0.1
47	Salt Lake City	-0.2
48	Baltimore	-1.1
49	Oklahoma City	-2.4

Racial Disparity in Homicides
Ratio of black to white age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Milwaukee	31.56
2	San Francisco	31.21
3	Pittsburgh	28.53
4	Chicago	28.05
5	Buffalo	21.63
6	Washington, D.C.	21.09
7	St. Louis	20.66
8	Boston	20.50
9	Minneapolis	19.23
10	Cleveland	19.07
11	Portland	17.88
12	Sacramento	17.71
13	New York	15.56
14	Philadelphia	15.36
15	Baltimore	14.93
16	Denver	13.96
17	Detroit	13.94
18	Indianapolis	13.53
19	Cincinnati	12.50
20	Los Angeles	12.39
21	Virginia Beach	11.93
22	Louisville	11.64
23	Kansas City	11.04
24	Columbus	10.57
25	New Orleans	10.10
26	Miami	9.83
27	Nashville	9.70
United States		9.69
28	Riverside	9.39
29	Charlotte	8.80
30	Oklahoma City	8.40
31	San Antonio	8.11
32	Jacksonville	8.02
33	Memphis	7.40
34	Seattle	7.36
35	Phoenix	7.12
36	Dallas	7.11
37	Atlanta	6.97
38	Birmingham	6.67
39	San Diego	5.95
40	Orlando	5.52
41	Tampa	5.35
42	Austin	5.04
43	Houston	5.02
44	Las Vegas	4.69

Non-Hispanic Black Homicides
Per 100,000 non-Hispanic black people, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Milwaukee	78.9
2	New Orleans	72.7
3	St. Louis	72.3
4	Louisville	61.7
5	Kansas City	60.7
6	Portland	57.2
7	Chicago	56.1
8	Pittsburgh	54.2
9	Cleveland	53.4
10	Buffalo	51.9
11	Memphis	50.3
12	Birmingham	50.0
13	Indianapolis	48.7
14	San Francisco	43.7
15	Detroit	43.2
16	Philadelphia	43.0
17	Baltimore	41.8
18	Denver	37.7
19	Virginia Beach	34.6
20	Jacksonville	34.5
21	Richmond	34.0
22	Cincinnati	32.5
23	Columbus	31.7
United States		31.0
24	Sacramento	30.1
25	Phoenix	29.2
26	Riverside	29.1
27	Nashville	29.1
28	Los Angeles	28.5
29	San Antonio	28.4
30	Houston	26.6
31	Oklahoma City	25.2
32	Minneapolis	25.0
33	Seattle	24.3
34	Las Vegas	23.9
35	Atlanta	23.7
36	Miami	23.6
37	Washington, D.C.	23.2
38	Charlotte	22.0
39	Dallas	19.9
40	Tampa	18.2
41	Orlando	18.2
42	New York	14.0
43	Raleigh	13.5
44	Boston	12.3
45	Austin	12.1
46	San Diego	11.9

Non-Hispanic White Homicides
Per 100,000 non-Hispanic white people, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Birmingham	7.5
2	New Orleans	7.2
3	Memphis	6.8
4	Kansas City	5.5
5	Louisville	5.3
6	Houston	5.3
7	Las Vegas	5.1
8	Jacksonville	4.3
9	Phoenix	4.1
10	Indianapolis	3.6
11	San Antonio	3.5
12	St. Louis	3.5
13	Tampa	3.4
14	Atlanta	3.4
15	Seattle	3.3
16	Orlando	3.3
17	Portland	3.2
United States		3.2
18	Riverside	3.1
19	Detroit	3.1
20	Nashville	3.0
21	Oklahoma City	3.0
22	Columbus	3.0
23	Virginia Beach	2.9
24	Baltimore	2.8
25	Cleveland	2.8
26	Philadelphia	2.8
27	Dallas	2.8
28	Denver	2.7
29	Cincinnati	2.6
30	Milwaukee	2.5
31	Charlotte	2.5
32	Buffalo	2.4
33	Miami	2.4
34	Austin	2.4
35	Los Angeles	2.3
36	San Diego	2.0
37	Chicago	2.0
38	Pittsburgh	1.9
39	Sacramento	1.7
40	San Francisco	1.4
41	Minneapolis	1.3
42	Washington, D.C.	1.1
43	New York	0.9
44	Boston	0.6

Firearm Homicides
Percent of all homicides, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	New Orleans	92.8
2	Birmingham	91.3
3	Milwaukee	91.3
4	Memphis	89.5
5	Louisville	89.0
6	Virginia Beach	88.9
7	Richmond	88.8
8	Kansas City	88.7
9	Indianapolis	86.4
10	Baltimore	86.4
11	Pittsburgh	86.1
12	Atlanta	85.5
13	Chicago	85.5
14	St. Louis	85.1
15	San Antonio	85.0
16	Columbus	85.0
17	Philadelphia	84.4
18	Charlotte	84.1
19	Miami	83.6
20	Jacksonville	83.6
21	Houston	83.5
22	Oklahoma City	83.3
23	Dallas	83.1
24	Orlando	82.3
25	Cleveland	81.7
26	Detroit	81.2
27	Portland	81.1
28	Austin	80.9
29	Raleigh	80.6
30	Phoenix	80.4
United States		79.0
31	Nashville	78.9
32	Washington, D.C.	78.7
33	Seattle	78.4
34	Cincinnati	77.1
35	San Francisco	76.6
36	Denver	75.8
37	Sacramento	74.0
38	Los Angeles	73.9
39	Tampa	73.1
40	Riverside	72.9
41	Las Vegas	72.6
42	Buffalo	71.3
43	Minneapolis	70.6
44	Salt Lake City	66.7
45	Boston	64.6
46	New York	61.5
47	San Diego	55.8
48	Providence	53.8
49	San Jose	47.8

Health

Despite a relatively low rate of residents who lack health insurance, the region is higher than average in the rankings for prevalence of some chronic conditions (stroke, heart disease, and cancer) and has high rates of death from leading diseases (heart disease and cancer). The region also has relatively high age-adjusted rates of heat- and cold- related deaths, suicide, youth mortality, and drug- and alcohol-related deaths. The prevalence of smoking tobacco, binge drinking, obesity, racial disparity, and infant mortality provide some potential indications of the causes for some of the high rates seen in the region. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Health Care and Risk Factors
Child Health
Health Outcomes
Mortality

The St. Louis region has a relatively low percentage of the population that lacks health insurance coverage, but black people in the region are about twice as likely as white people to lack insurance. St. Louis has relatively high rates on factors associated with poor health and diseases—tobacco smoking, binge drinking, and obesity as well as below average on the percentage of adults that meet the recommended exercise standard. For further discussion, see the Healthy and Active performance indicator on OneSTL.

Health Insurance Coverage
Persons lacking coverage as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B27001)
1	Houston	18.0
2	Dallas	15.8
3	San Antonio	15.0
4	Miami	13.0
5	Las Vegas	11.8
6	Atlanta	11.1
7	Oklahoma City	11.0
8	Austin	10.8
9	Tampa	10.7
10	Phoenix	10.6
11	Orlando	10.5
12	Salt Lake City	9.5
13	Memphis	9.5
14	Nashville	9.0
15	Charlotte	8.6
16	Jacksonville	8.5
17	Kansas City	8.2
18	Birmingham	8.2
19	Raleigh	8.1
United States		8.0
20	New Orleans	7.9
21	Riverside	7.7
22	Los Angeles	7.7
23	Chicago	7.3
24	Washington, D.C.	7.2
25	Denver	6.9
26	Indianapolis	6.5
27	Columbus	6.5
28	San Diego	6.4
29	Virginia Beach	6.3
30	New York	6.0
31	Cleveland	5.6
32	St. Louis	5.5
33	Portland	5.5
34	Seattle	5.3
35	Philadelphia	5.1
36	Milwaukee	5.1
37	Richmond	4.9
38	Louisville	4.7
39	Cincinnati	4.7
40	Baltimore	4.6
41	Minneapolis	4.4
42	Hartford	4.3
43	Detroit	4.3
44	Sacramento	4.1
45	San Francisco	3.9
46	Providence	3.7
47	Pittsburgh	3.7
48	San Jose	3.3
49	Buffalo	3.2
50	Boston	2.4

Racial Disparity in Health Insurance Coverage
Ratio of non-Hispanic black to non-Hispanic white, persons lacking coverage as a percent of total population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (S0201)
1	Providence	3.50
2	Hartford	2.92
3	Milwaukee	2.60
4	Minneapolis	2.57
5	Columbus	2.39
6	Phoenix	2.38
7	Raleigh	2.26
8	Birmingham	2.18
9	San Francisco	2.17
10	Buffalo	2.15
11	Pittsburgh	2.13
12	Baltimore	2.09
13	New York	2.08
14	Miami	2.07
15	Indianapolis	2.06
16	Boston	2.06
17	Denver	2.03
18	Washington, D.C.	1.96
19	San Diego	1.91
20	Seattle	1.86
21	Philadelphia	1.86
22	Austin	1.86
23	Richmond	1.86
24	Kansas City	1.77
25	Chicago	1.77
26	Cleveland	1.77
27	Dallas	1.76
28	Houston	1.73
29	St. Louis	1.71
30	Charlotte	1.69
31	Atlanta	1.66
32	Las Vegas	1.65
United States		1.64
33	Memphis	1.60
34	Riverside	1.59
35	Sacramento	1.58
36	Detroit	1.58
37	Los Angeles	1.57
38	New Orleans	1.53
39	San Antonio	1.49
40	Orlando	1.43
41	Portland	1.42
42	Louisville	1.42
43	Nashville	1.39
44	Jacksonville	1.36
45	Oklahoma City	1.36
46	Tampa	1.35
47	Cincinnati	1.34
48	Virginia Beach	1.31

Prevalence of Smoking
Percent of adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Nashville	18.4
2	Cleveland	17.6
3	Cincinnati	17.1
4	Memphis	17.1
5	New Orleans	16.6
6	Buffalo	16.2
7	Birmingham	15.9
8	Louisville	15.8
9	Indianapolis	15.6
10	St. Louis	15.5
11	Detroit	15.4
12	Virginia Beach	15.1
13	Pittsburgh	15.0
14	Columbus	14.9
15	Kansas City	14.6
16	Richmond	14.4
17	Oklahoma City	14.1
18	Milwaukee	14.1
19	Charlotte	13.9
20	Providence	13.5
United States		13.4
21	Philadelphia	13.0
22	Atlanta	12.9
23	Phoenix	12.9
24	Dallas	12.6
25	Hartford	12.0
26	Minneapolis	12.0
27	Houston	11.3
28	Denver	11.2
29	Riverside	10.8
30	Baltimore	10.6
31	Portland	10.5
32	San Antonio	10.4
33	Chicago	10.0
34	Boston	9.9
35	New York	9.7
36	Raleigh	8.9
37	Sacramento	8.8
38	Seattle	8.3
39	Salt Lake City	8.0
40	Austin	7.6
41	Washington, D.C.	7.5
42	Los Angeles	7.4
43	San Francisco	7.0

Prevalence of Binge Drinking
Percent of adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Milwaukee	23.6
2	Denver	19.7
3	Raleigh	19.2
4	Cincinnati	19.2
5	Richmond	19.2
6	New Orleans	18.9
7	Kansas City	18.6
8	Pittsburgh	18.4
9	Minneapolis	18.0
10	Boston	17.9
11	Portland	17.7
12	Cleveland	17.7
13	Columbus	17.7
14	Buffalo	17.6
15	Austin	17.5
16	Detroit	17.2
17	Providence	16.9
18	Houston	16.8
19	Phoenix	16.5
20	Nashville	16.5
21	St. Louis	16.4
22	San Antonio	16.3
23	Virginia Beach	16.1
24	Dallas	16.0
25	Charlotte	15.8
26	Chicago	15.7
27	Salt Lake City	15.6
28	Indianapolis	15.5
United States		15.4
29	Washington, D.C.	15.3
30	Seattle	15.3
31	Riverside	15.2
32	Philadelphia	15.1
33	Memphis	15.0
34	New York	14.8
35	Baltimore	14.6
36	Atlanta	14.6
37	Los Angeles	14.4
38	Sacramento	14.1
39	Louisville	13.8
40	Hartford	13.4
41	San Francisco	12.8
42	Birmingham	12.6
43	Oklahoma City	12.4

Prevalence of Obesity
Percent of adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	San Antonio	40.2
2	Birmingham	38.7
3	Riverside	38.6
4	St. Louis	37.8
5	Memphis	37.7
6	Oklahoma City	37.5
7	Virginia Beach	37.4
8	Louisville	36.7
9	Columbus	36.5
10	Kansas City	36.3
11	Cincinnati	36.1
12	Richmond	35.8
13	Milwaukee	35.6
14	Indianapolis	34.8
15	Charlotte	34.5
16	Baltimore	34.3
17	New Orleans	34.2
18	Hartford	34.1
19	Raleigh	33.7
20	Buffalo	33.6
21	Dallas	33.3
22	Chicago	33.2
United States		33.0
23	Houston	32.8
24	Cleveland	32.8
25	Philadelphia	32.0
26	Atlanta	31.8
27	Detroit	31.4
28	Pittsburgh	31.1
29	Minneapolis	31.0
30	Washington, D.C.	31.0
31	Salt Lake City	30.8
32	Phoenix	30.4
33	Nashville	30.4
34	Providence	29.5
35	Austin	29.5
36	Portland	28.8
37	Sacramento	28.2
38	Los Angeles	26.7
39	New York	26.3
40	Boston	25.5
41	Seattle	25.4
42	Denver	24.8
43	San Francisco	23.0

Adults Meeting Aerobic Exercise Standard
Percent of adults, 2019
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Portland	59.2
2	Minneapolis	58.7
3	Seattle	57.5
4	Denver	57.0
5	San Francisco	55.9
6	Hartford	55.4
7	Tampa	55.1
8	Buffalo	54.8
9	San Jose	54.8
10	Sacramento	54.3
11	Detroit	54.1
12	Austin	54.1
13	Boston	53.4
14	Miami	53.3
15	Milwaukee	53.3
16	Los Angeles	53.0
17	Phoenix	52.9
18	Jacksonville	52.9
19	Washington, D.C.	52.6
20	Raleigh	52.5
21	Salt Lake City	52.5
22	Orlando	52.5
23	Richmond	51.8
24	Baltimore	51.8
25	Charlotte	51.6
26	Philadelphia	50.9
27	Virginia Beach	50.8
28	Pittsburgh	50.5
United States		50.4
29	Chicago	49.7
30	Atlanta	49.5
31	San Antonio	49.4
32	Houston	49.4
33	Cleveland	49.4
34	Providence	49.2
35	New York	48.9
36	Nashville	48.5
37	Indianapolis	48.1
38	New Orleans	47.9
39	Birmingham	47.7
40	Riverside	47.6
41	St. Louis	47.0
42	Kansas City	46.6
43	Columbus	46.4
44	Dallas	46.4
45	Memphis	45.8
46	Cincinnati	45.8
47	Louisville	41.0
48	Oklahoma City	39.5

The St. Louis region has a relatively low rate of youth that do not have health insurance coverage, a rate that has decreased in recent years. The infant mortality rate in St. Louis is higher than the national average. The racial disparity on this metric is indicative of the wide disparities in health care coverage and socioeconomic factors present in St. Louis as well as in all of the peer regions. The St. Louis region has a youth mortality rate above the national average and many of the peer regions.

Youth Health Care Coverage
Youth lacking coverage as a percent of population under age 18, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B27001)
1	Houston	11.6
2	Dallas	11.3
3	San Antonio	8.9
4	Austin	8.8
5	Phoenix	8.7
6	Miami	8.0
7	Las Vegas	7.8
8	Salt Lake City	7.1
9	Orlando	6.7
10	Oklahoma City	6.4
11	Tampa	6.1
12	Nashville	6.1
13	Atlanta	6.0
14	Jacksonville	5.9
15	Kansas City	5.4
16	Charlotte	5.2
United States		5.1
17	New Orleans	5.0
18	Raleigh	4.6
19	Washington, D.C.	4.5
20	Denver	4.5
21	Cleveland	4.5
22	Memphis	4.3
23	Virginia Beach	4.2
24	San Diego	4.2
25	Indianapolis	4.1
26	Riverside	4.0
27	Baltimore	3.9
28	Columbus	3.7
29	Chicago	3.6
30	Philadelphia	3.6
31	Cincinnati	3.5
32	Los Angeles	3.3
33	St. Louis	3.1
34	Louisville	3.1
35	New York	3.0
36	Minneapolis	3.0
37	Hartford	2.9
38	Milwaukee	2.8
39	Sacramento	2.8
40	Seattle	2.8
41	Birmingham	2.8
42	Richmond	2.7
43	Pittsburgh	2.7
44	Portland	2.6
45	Detroit	2.5
46	San Francisco	2.5
47	Buffalo	2.2
48	Providence	1.8
49	Boston	1.5
50	San Jose	1.2

Infant Mortality Rate
Deaths of infants less than one year old per 1,000 live births, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Memphis	8.5
2	Indianapolis	8.2
3	Birmingham	7.2
4	Columbus	7.1
5	Detroit	7.0
6	Richmond	6.9
7	Milwaukee	6.7
8	Cincinnati	6.6
9	Atlanta	6.5
10	Virginia Beach	6.5
11	Cleveland	6.4
12	New Orleans	6.3
13	Jacksonville	6.3
14	Oklahoma City	6.3
15	Baltimore	6.2
16	Dallas	6.0
17	Phoenix	6.0
18	St. Louis	5.9
19	Tampa	5.9
20	San Antonio	5.9
21	Nashville	5.8
22	Philadelphia	5.7
United States		5.6
23	Louisville	5.5
24	Kansas City	5.4
25	Miami	5.4
26	Pittsburgh	5.4
27	Chicago	5.3
28	Charlotte	5.3
29	Houston	5.3
30	Washington, D.C.	5.2
31	Orlando	5.1
32	Salt Lake City	5.0
33	Buffalo	5.0
34	Denver	4.8
35	Las Vegas	4.8
36	Raleigh	4.6
37	Riverside	4.6
38	Sacramento	4.6
39	Minneapolis	4.6
40	Austin	4.3
41	Seattle	3.9
42	Los Angeles	3.8
43	San Diego	3.7
44	Portland	3.7
45	Providence	3.6
46	Hartford	3.6
47	New York	3.5
48	San Jose	3.1
49	Boston	3.1
50	San Francisco	2.9

Racial Disparity in Infant Mortality
Ratio of black to white infant deaths* per 1,000 population, 2018-2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Differs from the infant mortality rate, which is stated as per 1,000 live births. Data for 2022 is preliminary.
1	Milwaukee	4.12
2	San Diego	3.95
3	Miami	3.91
4	Minneapolis	3.81
5	Cleveland	3.65
6	Tampa	3.45
7	Philadelphia	3.44
8	Raleigh	3.43
9	San Francisco	3.41
10	Pittsburgh	3.35
11	Chicago	3.26
12	Seattle	3.23
13	Washington, D.C.	3.21
14	Detroit	3.19
15	Columbus	3.19
16	Jacksonville	3.13
17	Denver	3.13
18	Boston	3.12
19	Phoenix	3.11
20	Orlando	3.08
21	Cincinnati	3.06
22	Sacramento	3.04
23	Portland	3.04
24	Baltimore	3.03
25	St. Louis	3.03
26	Las Vegas	2.91
27	Hartford	2.90
28	Los Angeles	2.84
29	Kansas City	2.79
30	Nashville	2.76
31	Buffalo	2.72
32	Riverside	2.68
33	Richmond	2.67
34	Virginia Beach	2.67
35	Providence	2.63
36	Charlotte	2.48
United States		2.46
37	San Jose	2.46
38	Oklahoma City	2.43
39	New York	2.43
40	Memphis	2.42
41	Louisville	2.42
42	Indianapolis	2.41
43	Austin	2.38
44	Birmingham	2.32
45	Houston	2.31
46	Atlanta	2.22
47	Dallas	2.21
48	San Antonio	2.01
49	New Orleans	1.83
50	Salt Lake City	1.64

Youth Mortality
Deaths of youth aged 1-19 per 100,000 youth, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention * Data is preliminary.
1	Memphis	59.4
2	New Orleans	51.7
3	St. Louis	42.8
4	Louisville	42.6
5	Birmingham	42.5
6	Richmond	41.6
7	Kansas City	39.0
8	Denver	37.3
9	Indianapolis	35.3
10	Virginia Beach	35.2
11	Jacksonville	34.9
12	Phoenix	34.1
13	Charlotte	34.0
14	Nashville	33.9
15	Milwaukee	33.8
16	Cleveland	32.9
17	Atlanta	31.9
18	Houston	31.8
19	Columbus	31.7
20	Salt Lake City	31.3
21	Oklahoma City	30.4
22	Orlando	30.2
United States		29.9
23	San Antonio	29.6
24	Chicago	29.5
25	Dallas	29.5
26	Baltimore	29.3
27	Las Vegas	28.7
28	Philadelphia	28.4
29	Buffalo	28.3
30	Cincinnati	27.2
31	Sacramento	27.1
32	Detroit	26.9
33	Raleigh	26.6
34	Riverside	26.5
35	Austin	26.2
36	Miami	26.1
37	Tampa	25.4
38	Washington, D.C.	25.2
39	Portland	25.0
40	Pittsburgh	24.9
41	Seattle	24.9
42	Minneapolis	24.2
43	San Francisco	18.7
44	Los Angeles	18.7
45	New York	17.3
46	San Jose	15.5
47	San Diego	15.2
48	Providence	15.0
49	Boston	14.5
50	Hartford	0.0

This section provides tables on the percentage of the population that has ever been diagnosed with major chronic conditions. The region has one of the highest rates among the peers for cancer and is about average for rates of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and mental distress.

Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Memphis	8.7
2	Louisville	8.3
3	Buffalo	7.5
4	Cleveland	7.3
5	Riverside	7.3
6	Detroit	7.2
7	Birmingham	7.0
8	Oklahoma City	6.6
9	Cincinnati	6.6
10	New Orleans	6.4
11	Hartford	6.4
12	St. Louis	6.4
13	Sacramento	6.4
United States		6.1
14	Richmond	6.1
15	Indianapolis	6.1
16	Phoenix	6.1
17	Columbus	6.0
18	Charlotte	6.0
19	Pittsburgh	5.9
20	Philadelphia	5.9
21	Virginia Beach	5.9
22	Providence	5.8
23	Milwaukee	5.8
24	San Antonio	5.8
25	Kansas City	5.8
26	Nashville	5.5
27	Baltimore	5.5
28	Boston	5.5
29	Atlanta	5.2
30	New York	5.2
31	Portland	5.1
32	Chicago	5.1
33	Dallas	5.1
34	Minneapolis	5.0
35	Austin	4.5
36	San Francisco	4.3
37	Raleigh	4.2
38	Salt Lake City	4.1
39	Washington, D.C.	4.1
40	Los Angeles	3.7
41	Seattle	3.7
42	Denver	3.6
43	Houston	3.2

Prevalence of Cancer
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Birmingham	15.2
2	Phoenix	14.1
3	Pittsburgh	13.6
4	Portland	13.3
5	Kansas City	13.2
6	St. Louis	13.1
7	Providence	13.0
8	Cincinnati	12.8
9	Richmond	12.7
10	Boston	12.7
11	Indianapolis	12.7
12	Detroit	12.6
13	Buffalo	12.6
14	Columbus	12.4
15	Philadelphia	12.4
16	Salt Lake City	12.2
17	New Orleans	11.9
18	Riverside	11.8
19	Cleveland	11.8
United States		11.7
20	Minneapolis	11.6
21	Denver	11.6
22	Hartford	11.5
23	Virginia Beach	11.4
24	Baltimore	11.4
25	Seattle	11.4
26	Oklahoma City	11.1
27	Nashville	11.0
28	Chicago	10.7
29	Louisville	10.7
30	Sacramento	10.7
31	Raleigh	10.6
32	Memphis	10.5
33	Milwaukee	10.5
34	Dallas	10.3
35	Charlotte	10.3
36	Austin	10.2
37	San Antonio	10.1
38	Atlanta	9.6
39	Houston	9.6
40	Washington, D.C.	9.6
41	San Francisco	8.9
42	New York	8.6
43	Los Angeles	7.4

Prevalence of Stroke
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Milwaukee	4.9
2	Memphis	4.6
3	Birmingham	4.5
4	Raleigh	4.4
5	Nashville	4.4
6	Virginia Beach	4.3
7	Richmond	4.2
8	Cincinnati	4.1
9	New Orleans	4.0
10	Charlotte	3.8
11	Louisville	3.8
12	San Antonio	3.8
13	Columbus	3.7
14	St. Louis	3.6
15	Cleveland	3.5
16	Chicago	3.5
17	Oklahoma City	3.5
18	Philadelphia	3.3
United States		3.3
19	Baltimore	3.2
20	Atlanta	3.2
21	Kansas City	3.2
22	Pittsburgh	3.0
23	Dallas	3.0
24	Riverside	2.9
25	Hartford	2.8
26	Boston	2.8
27	Houston	2.8
28	Phoenix	2.7
29	Detroit	2.7
30	Indianapolis	2.6
31	Buffalo	2.6
32	Providence	2.6
33	Sacramento	2.6
34	Seattle	2.5
35	Washington, D.C.	2.5
36	New York	2.4
37	Portland	2.3
38	Minneapolis	2.2
39	Los Angeles	2.1
40	Salt Lake City	2.1
41	San Francisco	1.9
42	Denver	1.7
43	Austin	1.4

Prevalence of Diabetes
Adults who have ever been diagnosed as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Memphis	15.4
2	Riverside	13.9
3	Louisville	13.9
4	Birmingham	13.5
5	New Orleans	13.0
6	Charlotte	12.8
7	Richmond	12.7
8	Cincinnati	12.5
9	Hartford	12.4
10	Columbus	12.4
11	Los Angeles	12.2
12	St. Louis	12.2
13	Virginia Beach	11.6
14	Indianapolis	11.6
15	Buffalo	11.5
16	Oklahoma City	11.4
17	Baltimore	11.4
United States		11.4
18	San Antonio	11.2
19	New York	11.1
20	Raleigh	11.1
21	San Francisco	10.8
22	Philadelphia	10.7
23	Cleveland	10.7
24	Phoenix	10.6
25	Kansas City	10.5
26	Houston	10.5
27	Atlanta	10.4
28	Providence	10.3
29	Dallas	10.3
30	Pittsburgh	9.7
31	Sacramento	9.6
32	Milwaukee	9.6
33	Nashville	9.5
34	Washington, D.C.	9.4
35	Chicago	9.4
36	Austin	8.6
37	Salt Lake City	8.6
38	Minneapolis	8.5
39	Portland	8.4
40	Detroit	8.3
41	Boston	8.3
42	Seattle	6.9
43	Denver	6.8

Frequent Mental Distress
Adults reporting frequent mental distress in the past 30 days as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Richmond	19.7
2	Salt Lake City	19.0
3	Nashville	18.4
4	Birmingham	18.2
5	Memphis	16.8
6	New Orleans	16.8
7	Columbus	16.8
8	Oklahoma City	16.5
9	Portland	16.4
10	Milwaukee	16.1
11	Louisville	16.1
12	San Antonio	15.9
13	Philadelphia	15.7
14	Phoenix	15.6
15	Kansas City	15.4
16	Sacramento	15.3
17	Cleveland	15.3
18	San Francisco	15.3
19	St. Louis	15.1
20	Hartford	14.9
21	Cincinnati	14.8
22	Indianapolis	14.7
United States		14.7
23	Seattle	14.5
24	Riverside	14.2
25	Buffalo	14.1
26	Detroit	14.1
27	Austin	14.0
28	Baltimore	13.8
29	Providence	13.6
30	Los Angeles	13.5
31	Atlanta	13.5
32	Dallas	13.5
33	Denver	13.1
34	Pittsburgh	12.8
35	Virginia Beach	12.8
36	Minneapolis	12.4
37	New York	12.4
38	Charlotte	12.1
39	Boston	11.9
40	Houston	11.9
41	Chicago	11.7
42	Washington, D.C.	11.6
43	Raleigh	10.6

Prevalence of Asthma
Adults who currently have asthma as a percent of all adults, 2021
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1	Providence	12.9
2	Buffalo	12.1
3	Milwaukee	11.7
4	Detroit	11.3
5	Sacramento	11.2
6	Oklahoma City	11.0
7	Hartford	11.0
8	Louisville	10.9
9	Portland	10.7
10	Philadelphia	10.5
11	Virginia Beach	10.5
12	Boston	10.5
13	Nashville	10.5
14	Cleveland	10.2
15	Pittsburgh	10.2
16	Columbus	10.0
17	Kansas City	10.0
18	Richmond	10.0
19	Birmingham	9.9
20	Denver	9.9
21	Cincinnati	9.8
22	Indianapolis	9.8
23	Baltimore	9.7
United States		9.7
24	Seattle	9.6
25	Washington, D.C.	9.4
26	New Orleans	9.3
27	Phoenix	9.1
28	Atlanta	9.0
29	St. Louis	9.0
30	Salt Lake City	8.9
31	New York	8.7
32	Dallas	8.6
33	Minneapolis	8.5
34	San Antonio	8.3
35	Los Angeles	8.2
36	Chicago	8.1
37	Riverside	8.1
38	San Francisco	8.0
39	Raleigh	8.0
40	Memphis	8.0
41	Houston	7.6
42	Charlotte	7.5
43	Austin	7.5

The 10 leading causes of U.S. deaths are heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, COVID-19, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease. Compared to the peer regions, St. Louis has high death rates due to heart disease, cancer, suicide, heat and cold, and those related to drugs and alcohol. The region is below the national average for the HIV Mortality rate.

Heart Disease Mortality
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Birmingham	221.1
2	Detroit	219.8
3	Memphis	218.6
4	Oklahoma City	214.1
5	Las Vegas	199.2
6	Cleveland	188.8
7	Pittsburgh	188.3
8	Riverside	187.7
9	Louisville	187.3
10	St. Louis	186.4
11	New Orleans	185.5
12	Virginia Beach	179.6
13	Nashville	179.5
14	Columbus	172.1
15	San Antonio	172.1
16	Milwaukee	171.1
17	Cincinnati	167.7
United States		167.3
18	Baltimore	166.7
19	Buffalo	166.5
20	Philadelphia	166.2
21	Richmond	165.1
22	Indianapolis	163.7
23	Kansas City	162.1
24	Houston	161.5
25	Atlanta	161.0
26	Chicago	157.3
27	Dallas	154.4
28	Charlotte	153.5
29	Salt Lake City	152.6
30	Providence	152.5
31	New York	152.0
32	Tampa	148.7
33	Los Angeles	146.6
34	Phoenix	146.2
35	Jacksonville	144.3
36	Sacramento	140.3
37	Orlando	139.3
38	Portland	136.5
39	Miami	133.8
40	Seattle	131.7
41	San Diego	129.0
42	Austin	128.9
43	Denver	128.5
44	Boston	125.9
45	Washington, D.C.	124.7
46	Raleigh	121.5
47	Minneapolis	113.0
48	San Francisco	109.3
49	San Jose	92.7

Cancer Mortality
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Memphis	165.6
2	Louisville	162.0
3	Oklahoma City	160.9
4	Indianapolis	157.4
5	St. Louis	154.4
6	Pittsburgh	154.4
7	Virginia Beach	154.3
8	Cincinnati	154.3
9	Jacksonville	152.2
10	Nashville	151.3
11	Richmond	150.8
12	Cleveland	149.9
13	Buffalo	149.0
14	Detroit	148.9
15	Birmingham	147.6
16	Baltimore	147.6
17	Milwaukee	145.8
18	Columbus	144.1
19	Philadelphia	143.5
20	New Orleans	143.3
21	Providence	143.2
22	Kansas City	142.3
United States		142.3
23	San Antonio	141.4
24	Riverside	140.7
25	Tampa	140.0
26	Sacramento	139.9
27	Las Vegas	138.7
28	Charlotte	138.3
29	Portland	138.0
30	Atlanta	138.0
31	Dallas	136.3
32	Chicago	136.2
33	San Diego	136.0
34	Orlando	134.6
35	Seattle	133.6
36	Minneapolis	132.5
37	Houston	132.1
38	Phoenix	130.6
39	Boston	126.9
40	Los Angeles	125.5
41	Miami	121.4
42	Denver	121.1
43	Raleigh	120.9
44	Washington, D.C.	118.4
45	Austin	117.3
46	Salt Lake City	114.6
47	San Francisco	112.2
48	New York	111.8
49	San Jose	108.2

Suicide Rate
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Salt Lake City	21.5
2	Kansas City	20.5
3	Louisville	19.7
4	Oklahoma City	19.2
5	Las Vegas	19.1
6	Denver	18.2
7	Phoenix	17.3
8	St. Louis	16.3
9	Jacksonville	15.8
10	Nashville	15.6
11	Cincinnati	15.5
12	Portland	15.2
13	Tampa	15.2
14	Birmingham	15.0
15	Pittsburgh	14.9
16	Virginia Beach	14.8
17	Indianapolis	14.7
United States		14.2
18	Richmond	14.2
19	Austin	13.9
20	Seattle	13.7
21	Houston	13.5
22	Atlanta	13.5
23	Columbus	13.4
24	San Antonio	13.0
25	Cleveland	12.9
26	Detroit	12.8
27	Dallas	12.8
28	Minneapolis	12.6
29	New Orleans	12.5
30	Memphis	12.4
31	Milwaukee	12.3
32	Raleigh	12.0
33	Charlotte	11.8
34	Sacramento	11.6
35	Philadelphia	11.2
36	Riverside	11.1
37	Orlando	10.8
38	Providence	10.7
39	San Diego	10.6
40	Buffalo	10.6
41	Miami	10.4
42	Chicago	10.4
43	Baltimore	10.0
44	San Francisco	9.2
45	Los Angeles	8.9
46	Washington, D.C.	8.6
47	San Jose	8.4
48	Boston	7.6
49	New York	6.9

Heat- and Cold-Related Deaths
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2018-2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data for 2022 is preliminary.
1	Las Vegas	5.25
2	Phoenix	4.87
3	Portland	1.53
4	Baltimore	1.50
5	Seattle	1.30
6	Milwaukee	1.26
7	Indianapolis	1.24
8	Riverside	1.21
9	Chicago	1.12
10	Denver	1.10
11	Oklahoma City	1.08
12	Memphis	1.06
13	Cincinnati	1.03
14	St. Louis	1.01
United States		0.96
15	Nashville	0.92
16	Dallas	0.91
17	Philadelphia	0.90
18	Buffalo	0.90
19	New Orleans	0.88
20	Louisville	0.86
21	Minneapolis	0.83
22	Austin	0.82
23	Cleveland	0.80
24	Birmingham	0.79
25	Detroit	0.79
26	Kansas City	0.75
27	Columbus	0.73
28	Washington, D.C.	0.71
29	Virginia Beach	0.71
30	Salt Lake City	0.70
31	Providence	0.69
32	Richmond	0.68
33	San Jose	0.68
34	Pittsburgh	0.66
35	Sacramento	0.61
36	Atlanta	0.59
37	Houston	0.56
38	San Antonio	0.56
39	Raleigh	0.54
40	San Diego	0.47
41	Boston	0.46
42	Charlotte	0.42
43	Hartford	0.41
44	New York	0.41
45	San Francisco	0.34
46	Jacksonville	0.34
47	Los Angeles	0.29
48	Orlando	0.26
49	Tampa	0.18
50	Miami	0.17

Drug- and Alcohol- Related Deaths
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	New Orleans	88.5
2	Louisville	75.5
3	Milwaukee	69.0
4	Memphis	68.7
5	Nashville	67.7
6	Indianapolis	66.1
7	Baltimore	65.0
8	Birmingham	62.4
9	Pittsburgh	62.3
10	Tampa	60.3
11	Providence	59.3
12	Columbus	59.0
13	St. Louis	58.8
14	Jacksonville	56.4
15	Philadelphia	56.2
16	Cincinnati	55.5
17	Cleveland	55.3
18	Buffalo	54.2
19	Denver	54.0
20	Richmond	52.8
21	Portland	52.3
22	Phoenix	52.1
23	Seattle	52.0
24	Riverside	51.4
25	San Diego	48.0
United States		47.5
26	Virginia Beach	47.0
27	Detroit	46.5
28	Las Vegas	46.0
29	Oklahoma City	45.7
30	Sacramento	45.4
31	Charlotte	45.4
32	Minneapolis	44.2
33	Kansas City	43.5
34	Chicago	43.2
35	Boston	43.0
36	Los Angeles	39.8
37	Orlando	37.4
38	Salt Lake City	36.4
39	New York	36.2
40	San Francisco	35.9
41	Miami	33.7
42	Atlanta	32.6
43	Raleigh	31.4
44	San Antonio	30.9
45	Austin	30.8
46	Washington, D.C.	30.4
47	Houston	29.7
48	San Jose	28.4
49	Dallas	27.9

Opioid-Drug Related Deaths
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Louisville	53.1
2	Baltimore	48.8
3	Memphis	47.8
4	Milwaukee	43.8
5	Nashville	43.0
6	Columbus	42.9
7	Indianapolis	39.4
8	Philadelphia	39.3
9	Pittsburgh	39.2
10	New Orleans	39.0
11	Birmingham	38.9
12	Richmond	38.7
13	St. Louis	38.0
14	Providence	36.7
15	Cincinnati	36.6
16	Cleveland	35.7
17	Jacksonville	35.4
18	Buffalo	34.0
19	Virginia Beach	30.0
20	Detroit	29.6
21	Charlotte	29.0
22	Boston	28.1
23	Seattle	27.6
24	Phoenix	26.7
25	Chicago	26.7
United States		25.1
26	Tampa	25.0
27	New York	24.3
28	Orlando	22.7
29	San Diego	21.9
30	Portland	21.4
31	Riverside	21.1
32	Minneapolis	20.6
33	Miami	20.0
34	Denver	20.0
35	Kansas City	19.9
36	Oklahoma City	19.3
37	Raleigh	18.6
38	Washington, D.C.	18.3
39	San Francisco	18.2
40	Los Angeles	17.9
41	Las Vegas	17.7
42	Atlanta	17.2
43	Sacramento	14.8
44	Salt Lake City	14.6
45	Houston	13.0
46	Austin	11.8
47	San Antonio	11.5
48	Dallas	10.0
49	San Jose	9.2

Change in Opioid-Drug Related Deaths
Point difference in age-adjusted rate,, 1999-2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data for 2022 is preliminary.
1	Memphis	45.6
2	Nashville	41.5
3	Milwaukee	41.1
4	Philadelphia	36.4
5	St. Louis	35.2
6	Cincinnati	34.9
7	Pittsburgh	34.7
8	Richmond	33.7
9	Cleveland	33.6
10	Baltimore	32.8
11	Providence	32.2
12	Detroit	28.1
13	Charlotte	26.8
14	Virginia Beach	26.6
15	Boston	23.6
16	Phoenix	23.4
United States		22.2
17	Chicago	21.7
18	Tampa	20.9
19	Seattle	20.8
20	Orlando	19.9
21	New York	19.8
22	Minneapolis	19.1
23	Riverside	18.5
24	Miami	17.6
25	Portland	17.4
26	Washington, D.C.	16.1
27	Oklahoma City	16.1
28	San Diego	16.0
29	Atlanta	15.8
30	Denver	15.4
31	San Francisco	14.2
32	Los Angeles	13.3
33	Sacramento	11.8
34	Houston	11.7
35	San Antonio	9.0
36	Las Vegas	8.3
37	Dallas	7.8
38	San Jose	7.2
39	Salt Lake City	3.7

HIV Mortality
Deaths per 100,000 population, age-adjusted, 2022
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Data is preliminary.
1	Miami	3.5
2	New Orleans	3.3
3	Memphis	3.1
4	Jacksonville	3.0
5	Houston	2.6
6	Oklahoma City	2.4
7	Baltimore	2.4
8	Atlanta	2.3
9	Orlando	2.2
10	Tampa	2.0
11	Birmingham	2.0
12	New York	1.8
13	Riverside	1.8
14	Virginia Beach	1.8
15	San Antonio	1.7
16	Richmond	1.7
17	Washington, D.C.	1.7
18	Louisville	1.7
19	Dallas	1.7
20	Charlotte	1.6
21	Los Angeles	1.5
22	Cincinnati	1.4
23	Phoenix	1.4
24	Las Vegas	1.4
25	Indianapolis	1.4
26	San Francisco	1.4
27	Philadelphia	1.3
United States		1.3
28	Sacramento	1.2
29	Detroit	1.2
30	St. Louis	1.2
31	Nashville	1.1
32	San Diego	1.1
33	Portland	1.1
34	Austin	0.9
35	Chicago	0.9
36	Denver	0.7
37	Pittsburgh	0.7
38	Seattle	0.6
39	Minneapolis	0.6
40	Boston	0.5

Government

The number of local governments in the St. Louis region is relatively high compared to the peer regions and the amount of government spending is relatively low. Whether these are good or bad thing is a long-debated topic in the region. See page 112 of Where We Stand – 7th Edition for further discussion. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Local Governments
Public Finance

The total units of local government takes into account special purpose districts, including fire protection, transportation development, library services, water supply, and parks. These special purpose governments make up about half of the total units in the region. The region has a relatively high number of school districts with a relatively low number of students per district.

Units of Local Government
General and special-purpose units of government, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1	Denver	1,325
2	Chicago	1,253
3	Houston	1,134
4	New York	979
5	St. Louis	928
6	Pittsburgh	807
7	Philadelphia	642
8	Kansas City	583
9	Minneapolis	541
10	Dallas	456
11	Columbus	408
12	Boston	399
13	Cincinnati	377
14	Los Angeles	356
Peer Average		330
15	Atlanta	329
16	Miami	326
17	Austin	310
18	Indianapolis	301
19	Cleveland	301
20	Sacramento	299
21	San Francisco	297
22	Seattle	282
23	Louisville	278
24	Detroit	274
25	Tampa	266
26	Riverside	244
27	Portland	231
28	Hartford	191
29	Phoenix	180
30	Providence	179
31	Birmingham	166
32	Orlando	161
33	San Antonio	159
34	Milwaukee	151
35	Washington, D.C.	144
36	Nashville	136
37	Oklahoma City	136
38	Charlotte	129
39	Jacksonville	122
40	San Diego	119
41	Memphis	117
42	Buffalo	105
43	Salt Lake City	86
44	San Jose	68
45	Virginia Beach	49
46	Raleigh	45
47	Richmond	44
48	Baltimore	39
49	New Orleans	28
50	Las Vegas	19

Local Governments
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1	Denver	44.4
2	Pittsburgh	34.4
3	St. Louis	33.1
4	Kansas City	26.4
United States		23.4
5	Louisville	21.6
6	Columbus	18.9
7	Cincinnati	16.6
8	Houston	15.4
9	Birmingham	14.9
10	Minneapolis	14.6
11	Cleveland	14.6
12	Indianapolis	14.1
13	Chicago	13.3
14	Austin	12.8
15	Sacramento	12.4
16	Providence	10.7
17	Philadelphia	10.3
18	Milwaukee	9.7
19	Oklahoma City	9.3
20	Portland	9.2
21	Buffalo	9.0
22	Memphis	8.8
23	Boston	8.1
24	Tampa	8.1
25	Jacksonville	7.3
26	Seattle	7.0
27	Salt Lake City	6.8
28	Nashville	6.6
29	San Francisco	6.5
30	Detroit	6.3
31	San Antonio	6.0
32	Orlando	5.8
33	Dallas	5.7
34	Miami	5.3
35	Atlanta	5.3
36	Riverside	5.2
37	New York	5.0
38	Charlotte	4.7
39	San Diego	3.6
40	Phoenix	3.6
41	San Jose	3.5
42	Richmond	3.3
43	Raleigh	3.0
44	Los Angeles	2.8
45	Virginia Beach	2.7
46	Washington, D.C.	2.3
47	New Orleans	2.2
48	Baltimore	1.4
49	Las Vegas	0.8

Municipalities
Per 100,000 population, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1	Pittsburgh	11.3
2	Louisville	10.7
3	St. Louis	9.6
4	Birmingham	7.9
5	Kansas City	7.4
6	Cincinnati	6.1
United States		5.8
7	Minneapolis	5.7
8	Cleveland	5.5
9	Oklahoma City	5.2
10	Columbus	4.6
11	Indianapolis	4.1
12	Milwaukee	4.0
13	Memphis	3.8
14	Chicago	3.6
15	Charlotte	2.9
16	Nashville	2.7
17	Philadelphia	2.6
18	Dallas	2.5
19	Detroit	2.5
20	Salt Lake City	2.4
21	Atlanta	2.3
22	Portland	2.3
23	Buffalo	2.2
24	San Antonio	2.0
25	Austin	2.0
26	Seattle	1.9
27	New York	1.9
28	Raleigh	1.8
29	Houston	1.7
30	Miami	1.7
31	Denver	1.5
32	Washington, D.C.	1.5
33	San Francisco	1.4
34	Orlando	1.3
35	Riverside	1.1
36	Tampa	1.1
37	Jacksonville	1.0
38	Los Angeles	0.9
39	San Jose	0.9
40	Virginia Beach	0.8
41	Sacramento	0.8
42	Providence	0.8
43	Richmond	0.7
44	Boston	0.7
45	New Orleans	0.7
46	Baltimore	0.7
47	Phoenix	0.7
48	San Diego	0.5
49	Las Vegas	0.2

School Districts
2015-2016
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1	New York	915
2	Chicago	440
3	Phoenix	397
4	Philadelphia	363
5	Boston	290
6	Detroit	284
7	Minneapolis	246
8	Cleveland	176
9	Dallas	176
10	St. Louis	166
11	Columbus	165
12	Pittsburgh	154
13	Los Angeles	149
14	Cincinnati	127
15	Indianapolis	127
Peer Average		120
16	Houston	113
17	San Francisco	108
18	Kansas City	107
19	Washington, D.C.	101
20	New Orleans	99
21	Providence	92
22	Oklahoma City	92
23	Milwaukee	76
24	Hartford	70
25	San Antonio	68
26	Seattle	66
27	Riverside	65
28	Sacramento	60
29	Atlanta	59
30	Buffalo	58
31	Portland	56
32	Charlotte	55
33	Austin	54
34	Salt Lake City	51
35	San Jose	50
36	Denver	47
37	San Diego	46
38	Birmingham	36
39	Richmond	34
40	Raleigh	32
41	Virginia Beach	30
42	Louisville	27
43	Memphis	20
44	Nashville	19
45	Baltimore	9
46	Miami	7
47	Jacksonville	6
48	Orlando	5
49	Tampa	4
50	Las Vegas	1

Average District Enrollment
Students per school district, 2015-2016
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
1	Las Vegas	347,382
2	Miami	116,826
3	Tampa	101,887
4	Orlando	75,235
5	Baltimore	44,580
6	Jacksonville	36,679
7	Atlanta	17,065
8	Nashville	14,750
9	Los Angeles	13,458
10	Riverside	12,838
11	Houston	11,589
12	Memphis	11,196
13	San Diego	10,866
14	Denver	9,973
15	Washington, D.C.	9,378
16	Virginia Beach	8,842
17	Seattle	8,016
18	Dallas	7,789
19	Charlotte	7,355
20	Louisville	6,815
21	Raleigh	6,649
22	San Antonio	6,559
23	Austin	6,317
24	Portland	6,139
25	Sacramento	6,122
26	Richmond	5,776
27	San Jose	5,693
28	San Francisco	5,447
29	Birmingham	4,934
Peer Average		4,588
30	Salt Lake City	4,538
31	Chicago	3,485
32	Kansas City	3,249
33	New York	3,105
34	Milwaukee	3,058
35	Indianapolis	2,698
36	Buffalo	2,677
37	Hartford	2,602
38	Oklahoma City	2,590
39	Cincinnati	2,494
40	St. Louis	2,469
41	Providence	2,408
42	Philadelphia	2,356
43	Minneapolis	2,319
44	Detroit	2,304
45	Boston	2,274
46	Columbus	2,009
47	Phoenix	1,968
48	Pittsburgh	1,958
49	New Orleans	1,704
50	Cleveland	1,610

“Local government general revenue from own sources” includes all revenue collected by all types of local government through taxes and other fees. In St. Louis, local government revenue accounts for below average amount of economic activity in the region compared to the peer regions. Local governments in all peer regions are more reliant on property taxes than sales taxes regarding tax revenue with St. Louis being more reliant than many on sales taxes. The region has relatively low spending when it comes to local government.

Local Government General Revenue from Own Sources
As a percent of gross metropolitan product, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments; Bureau of Economic Analysis
1	Miami	8.6
2	Riverside	8.5
3	New York	7.7
4	Buffalo	7.4
5	Charlotte	6.8
6	San Antonio	6.2
7	Cleveland	6.1
8	Sacramento	6.0
9	Chicago	5.9
10	Kansas City	5.8
11	Austin	5.7
12	San Francisco	5.7
13	Orlando	5.7
14	Columbus	5.7
15	Denver	5.6
16	Providence	5.6
17	Jacksonville	5.6
18	Las Vegas	5.5
Peer Average		5.5
19	New Orleans	5.5
20	Washington, D.C.	5.5
21	Tampa	5.4
22	Los Angeles	5.3
23	Virginia Beach	5.2
24	Philadelphia	5.1
25	Memphis	5.1
26	San Diego	5.1
27	Milwaukee	5.0
28	Dallas	4.9
29	Cincinnati	4.9
30	St. Louis	4.9
31	Pittsburgh	4.9
32	Phoenix	4.9
33	San Jose	4.8
34	Atlanta	4.8
35	Seattle	4.7
36	Baltimore	4.6
37	Detroit	4.5
38	Indianapolis	4.3
39	Louisville	4.3
40	Oklahoma City	4.2
41	Hartford	4.2
42	Nashville	4.2
43	Birmingham	4.2
44	Minneapolis	4.1
45	Portland	4.0
46	Richmond	3.9
47	Raleigh	3.9
48	Boston	3.9
49	Houston	3.8
50	Salt Lake City	3.5

Local Government General Revenue from Own Sources
Per capita, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1	New York	5,559
2	San Francisco	4,846
3	San Jose	4,716
4	Washington, D.C.	4,284
5	Miami	4,038
6	Charlotte	3,903
7	New Orleans	3,672
8	Seattle	3,598
9	Denver	3,597
10	Cleveland	3,556
11	Chicago	3,551
12	Buffalo	3,295
13	Los Angeles	3,262
14	Kansas City	3,262
15	Philadelphia	3,210
16	Dallas	3,190
17	Columbus	3,167
18	Austin	3,124
19	San Diego	3,059
20	Houston	2,992
21	Boston	2,987
22	Milwaukee	2,940
23	Hartford	2,924
United States		2,922
24	Sacramento	2,830
25	Portland	2,737
26	Baltimore	2,729
27	Orlando	2,722
28	Indianapolis	2,707
29	Cincinnati	2,670
30	Virginia Beach	2,656
31	Minneapolis	2,635
32	Pittsburgh	2,619
33	Atlanta	2,601
34	San Antonio	2,549
35	Memphis	2,536
36	St. Louis	2,528
37	Providence	2,495
38	Las Vegas	2,467
39	Jacksonville	2,440
40	Riverside	2,379
41	Nashville	2,363
42	Detroit	2,297
43	Phoenix	2,287
44	Salt Lake City	2,264
45	Tampa	2,238
46	Oklahoma City	2,211
47	Louisville	2,198
48	Birmingham	2,189
49	Richmond	2,103
50	Raleigh	2,062

Reliance on Property Tax
Property tax revenue as a percent of total tax revenue, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1	Hartford	98.9
2	Providence	97.3
3	Boston	96.2
4	Milwaukee	93.7
5	Minneapolis	93.1
6	Detroit	89.2
7	Chicago	83.7
8	Austin	83.7
9	Houston	83.3
10	San Antonio	81.3
11	Dallas	80.6
12	Miami	78.9
13	Portland	77.5
14	San Diego	77.1
15	Riverside	77.1
16	Tampa	76.7
17	Charlotte	76.7
18	Raleigh	75.6
19	San Jose	75.1
20	Sacramento	74.1
21	Richmond	74.1
United States		73.5
22	Indianapolis	73.1
23	Jacksonville	72.8
24	Pittsburgh	72.1
25	Salt Lake City	71.9
26	Orlando	71.5
27	Philadelphia	71.4
28	Memphis	69.8
29	Virginia Beach	68.7
30	San Francisco	68.5
31	Atlanta	68.2
32	Los Angeles	68.1
33	St. Louis	67.9
34	Cincinnati	67.0
35	Buffalo	66.2
36	New York	66.0
37	Phoenix	64.1
38	Nashville	64.0
39	Las Vegas	63.6
40	Columbus	62.8
41	Cleveland	62.4
42	Louisville	62.2
43	Denver	60.7
44	Kansas City	59.8
45	Seattle	59.0
46	Baltimore	57.0
47	Washington, D.C.	56.3
48	Oklahoma City	50.0
49	New Orleans	49.5
50	Birmingham	44.5

Reliance on Sales Tax
Sales tax revenue as a percent of total tax revenue, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1	Oklahoma City	48.0
2	New Orleans	47.5
3	Birmingham	38.0
4	Seattle	36.2
5	Denver	34.4
6	Buffalo	32.0
7	Phoenix	31.9
8	Kansas City	30.4
9	Atlanta	29.0
10	Nashville	29.0
11	Las Vegas	27.8
12	Memphis	26.2
13	Los Angeles	26.2
14	Salt Lake City	24.3
15	Orlando	24.3
16	Virginia Beach	23.1
17	Jacksonville	23.0
18	St. Louis	22.4
19	Raleigh	20.8
20	Sacramento	20.3
21	Charlotte	20.0
22	San Diego	19.4
23	Tampa	19.2
24	San Francisco	18.9
25	Riverside	18.8
26	San Jose	18.3
27	Richmond	17.3
28	Dallas	17.0
29	San Antonio	16.8
United States		16.6
30	Houston	15.3
31	Washington, D.C.	15.2
32	Miami	14.9
33	Austin	14.7
34	Chicago	13.7
35	New York	13.5
36	Cleveland	11.3
37	Columbus	8.8
38	Cincinnati	8.5
39	Pittsburgh	7.4
40	Portland	7.4
41	Louisville	6.3
42	Philadelphia	6.2
43	Milwaukee	4.5
44	Minneapolis	4.1
45	Detroit	4.1
46	Baltimore	4.0
47	Indianapolis	3.7
48	Boston	2.0
49	Providence	1.3
50	Hartford	0.0

Local Government Expenditures
Dollars per capita, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments and Population Estimates
1	San Francisco	8,839
2	New York	8,817
3	San Jose	7,259
4	Los Angeles	7,186
5	Washington, D.C.	6,946
6	Sacramento	6,835
7	San Diego	6,131
8	Seattle	6,108
9	Chicago	6,075
10	New Orleans	5,944
11	Buffalo	5,909
12	Miami	5,896
13	Austin	5,889
14	Cleveland	5,848
15	Riverside	5,816
16	Memphis	5,650
17	Charlotte	5,486
18	Philadelphia	5,370
19	Jacksonville	5,347
20	San Antonio	5,270
United States		5,249
21	Denver	5,240
22	Milwaukee	5,202
23	Indianapolis	5,170
24	Portland	5,110
25	Columbus	5,078
26	Minneapolis	5,005
27	Las Vegas	4,987
28	Baltimore	4,957
29	Pittsburgh	4,911
30	Dallas	4,894
31	Detroit	4,889
32	Virginia Beach	4,885
33	Kansas City	4,872
34	Orlando	4,790
35	Salt Lake City	4,729
36	Nashville	4,727
37	Hartford	4,715
38	Raleigh	4,654
39	Boston	4,638
40	Houston	4,582
41	Cincinnati	4,539
42	Atlanta	4,538
43	Phoenix	4,494
44	St. Louis	4,313
45	Providence	4,094
46	Tampa	4,040
47	Birmingham	3,937
48	Richmond	3,896
49	Louisville	3,706
50	Oklahoma City	3,249

Local Government Debt
Ratio of debt to local revenue, 2012
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census of Governments
1	Las Vegas	4.1
2	Jacksonville	3.9
3	Raleigh	3.8
4	Austin	3.6
5	Houston	3.5
6	San Antonio	3.5
7	Birmingham	3.4
8	Dallas	3.2
9	Sacramento	3.1
10	Pittsburgh	3.0
11	Detroit	2.7
12	Indianapolis	2.7
13	Phoenix	2.7
14	Salt Lake City	2.6
15	Minneapolis	2.5
16	San Diego	2.5
17	Denver	2.4
18	Los Angeles	2.3
19	Louisville	2.3
20	San Francisco	2.3
21	Riverside	2.3
22	Orlando	2.3
23	Kansas City	2.3
24	Portland	2.3
25	Atlanta	2.3
26	Seattle	2.2
27	Chicago	2.2
28	Cincinnati	2.2
29	Philadelphia	2.1
30	Nashville	2.1
United States		2.0
31	New Orleans	1.9
32	San Jose	1.9
33	New York	1.8
34	Memphis	1.8
35	Cleveland	1.8
36	Virginia Beach	1.8
37	St. Louis	1.7
38	Columbus	1.7
39	Richmond	1.7
40	Miami	1.6
41	Tampa	1.6
42	Washington, D.C.	1.5
43	Milwaukee	1.5
44	Buffalo	1.4
45	Baltimore	1.3
46	Charlotte	1.2
47	Oklahoma City	1.2
48	Providence	1.0
49	Hartford	0.8
50	Boston	0.8

Environment

Engagement and Access

This section provides indicators of the involvement of residents in their communities–civically and socially as well as metrics on how accessible amenities are in the regions. Click on a tab to view the Where We Stand tables for a section, click on the tab again to collapse it.

Community Engagement
Access to Amenities

For the 2020 general election, the St. Louis region had a slightly higher voter participation rate than was seen nationwide. U.S. voter turnout has increased for each of the past three presidential elections, in 2012, 2016, and 2020. In St. Louis, voter turnout was about the same in 2012 and 2016 and increased slightly in 2020. Data are not available for 2020 ACS 1-year estimates, therefore an average of the 2019 and 2021 ACS 1-year estimates for the 18 and older citizen population is used for the 2020 voter participation estimates. The percentage of St. Louis adults involved in some volunteer activity is higher than in many of the peer regions and slightly higher than the peer region average. See the Voter Participation and the Volunteer Rate performance indicators on OneSTL and page 118 of Where We Stand 7th Edition for further discussion.

Voter Participation
Voter turnout in the general election as a percent of citizens aged 18 and older, 2020
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B05003) Note: An average of 2019 and 2021 was used for the 2020 18 and older citizen population estimate.
1	Minneapolis	80.8
2	Raleigh	78.6
3	Denver	77.8
4	Portland	76.5
5	Seattle	75.9
6	Milwaukee	75.8
7	Detroit	74.3
8	Boston	74.0
9	Philadelphia	73.5
10	Richmond	73.4
11	Jacksonville	72.9
12	Pittsburgh	72.8
13	San Francisco	72.7
14	Charlotte	72.4
15	San Jose	72.3
16	Miami	72.3
17	Tampa	70.2
18	Atlanta	69.6
19	Orlando	69.3
20	Salt Lake City	69.3
21	Cincinnati	69.3
22	Hartford	69.2
23	San Diego	69.1
24	Sacramento	69.0
25	Columbus	68.5
26	St. Louis	68.5
27	Los Angeles	68.2
28	Baltimore	68.0
29	Cleveland	67.7
30	Louisville	67.5
31	Austin	67.0
32	Washington, D.C.	66.9
33	Chicago	66.9
United States		66.8
34	Phoenix	65.4
35	Buffalo	65.4
36	Virginia Beach	65.3
37	Birmingham	65.3
38	New York	65.1
39	Providence	64.2
40	New Orleans	64.1
41	Indianapolis	63.9
42	Nashville	63.5
43	Las Vegas	63.2
44	Dallas	62.7
45	Houston	60.7
46	Riverside	60.5
47	Kansas City	60.2
48	San Antonio	58.6
49	Memphis	57.3
50	Oklahoma City	54.6

Volunteer Rate
Percent of adults who volunteer, 2021
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey
1	Kansas City	38.0
2	Minneapolis	35.3
3	Salt Lake City	34.7
4	Indianapolis	33.0
5	Austin	31.7
6	Raleigh	31.6
7	Columbus	30.9
8	Virginia Beach	30.8
9	Seattle	29.8
10	Nashville	29.5
11	Charlotte	29.3
12	St. Louis	29.1
13	Philadelphia	28.7
14	Washington, D.C.	27.9
15	Chicago	27.6
16	Cincinnati	27.3
17	Portland	27.3
18	Milwaukee	27.3
19	San Antonio	26.1
20	San Francisco	25.4
21	Phoenix	25.4
22	Boston	25.4
23	Pittsburgh	25.2
24	Sacramento	24.9
25	New Orleans	24.7
26	Louisville	24.2
27	Oklahoma City	23.0
28	Baltimore	22.8
Peer Average		22.6
29	Buffalo	22.5
30	Memphis	21.7
31	Hartford	21.4
32	Denver	21.2
33	Richmond	20.3
34	Detroit	20.3
35	Houston	20.1
36	Cleveland	20.1
37	Tampa	20.0
38	Providence	20.0
39	Birmingham	19.8
40	Atlanta	19.6
41	New York	19.4
42	Dallas	18.8
43	San Diego	18.5
44	Orlando	18.1
45	San Jose	18.0
46	Jacksonville	16.6
47	Los Angeles	15.1
48	Miami	14.0
49	Las Vegas	13.5
50	Riverside	9.0

Being able to access necessities and amenities can be important to quality of life. Ease of access can be more challenging for low-income residents due to a lack of access to a vehicle and less resources. In this section, access to healthy food choices provides an indication of how easily low-income people can obtain healthy food options. The U.S. Department of Agriculture definition for access is used, which is more than one mile in urban areas and more than 10 miles in rural census tracts. St. Louis has better access than what is seen for the entire U.S. population but is about average among the peer regions. The percentage of households that lack a computer and the percentage that lack internet access in their homes is about average among the peer regions. See the Access to Healthy Food Choices performance indicator on OneSTL and page 120 of Where We Stand 7th Edition for further discussion.

Access to Healthy Food Choices
Percent of population that lives in a low-income census tract and reside far* from a large grocery store, 2019
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Access Research Atlas *More than one mile in urban tracts and more than 10 miles in rural tracts.
1	Memphis	13.0
2	Birmingham	11.0
3	New Orleans	10.3
4	Atlanta	10.2
5	Indianapolis	9.8
6	Riverside	9.6
7	San Antonio	9.5
8	Jacksonville	8.5
9	Kansas City	8.3
10	Virginia Beach	7.6
11	Richmond	7.4
12	Tampa	7.4
13	Orlando	7.3
14	Cincinnati	7.3
15	Charlotte	7.3
16	Dallas	7.2
17	St. Louis	6.9
United States		6.5
18	Houston	6.4
19	Austin	6.4
20	Phoenix	6.2
21	Oklahoma City	6.2
22	Columbus	6.1
23	Pittsburgh	6.1
24	Nashville	5.4
25	Raleigh	5.0
26	Buffalo	4.8
27	Louisville	4.6
28	Minneapolis	4.3
29	Baltimore	4.2
30	Seattle	4.0
31	Detroit	4.0
32	Denver	3.8
33	Sacramento	3.8
34	Cleveland	3.3
35	Chicago	3.3
36	Salt Lake City	3.2
37	Las Vegas	3.2
38	Providence	3.2
39	Philadelphia	3.0
40	Washington, D.C.	2.9
41	Hartford	2.8
42	Boston	2.6
43	Milwaukee	2.1
44	Miami	1.8
45	Portland	1.6
46	San Diego	1.5
47	San Francisco	1.5
48	Los Angeles	1.0
49	San Jose	0.8
50	New York	0.8

Racial Disparity in Access to Healthy Food Choices
Ratio of black to white population that lives in a low-income census tract and reside far* from a large grocery store, 2019
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Access Research Atlas *More than one mile in urban tracts and more than 10 miles in rural tracts.
1	Birmingham	7.47
2	Oklahoma City	3.86
3	Buffalo	3.82
4	Indianapolis	3.67
5	Raleigh	3.66
6	Milwaukee	3.60
7	St. Louis	3.60
8	Nashville	3.40
9	New Orleans	3.29
10	Atlanta	3.18
11	Chicago	3.05
12	Dallas	3.01
13	Denver	2.99
14	Louisville	2.99
15	Cincinnati	2.95
16	Kansas City	2.94
17	Memphis	2.90
18	Columbus	2.73
19	Richmond	2.65
20	Austin	2.60
21	Houston	2.54
22	Salt Lake City	2.51
Peer Average		2.45
23	Minneapolis	2.32
24	San Francisco	2.31
25	Miami	2.27
26	Jacksonville	2.23
27	Charlotte	2.23
28	Las Vegas	2.21
29	Washington, D.C.	2.07
30	Baltimore	2.07
31	Pittsburgh	1.97
32	Detroit	1.96
33	Cleveland	1.95
34	Sacramento	1.83
35	Seattle	1.81
36	Virginia Beach	1.81
37	Los Angeles	1.76
38	Orlando	1.63
39	San Antonio	1.62
40	Phoenix	1.56
41	Tampa	1.51
42	Philadelphia	1.43
43	San Diego	1.38
44	Portland	1.35
45	Hartford	1.27
46	Riverside	0.94
47	San Jose	0.80
48	Providence	0.67
49	Boston	0.56
50	New York	0.40

Households with No Computer
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B28003)
1	Pittsburgh	6.5
2	Buffalo	5.8
3	Cleveland	5.8
4	Providence	5.5
5	Louisville	5.4
6	New Orleans	5.4
7	Memphis	4.9
8	Birmingham	4.8
9	Milwaukee	4.6
10	Hartford	4.6
11	Cincinnati	4.5
12	New York	4.5
13	St. Louis	4.3
United States		4.3
14	Detroit	4.2
15	Oklahoma City	4.1
16	Richmond	4.1
17	Virginia Beach	4.0
18	Chicago	3.9
19	Philadelphia	3.8
20	Charlotte	3.6
21	Indianapolis	3.6
22	Baltimore	3.5
23	Kansas City	3.5
24	Boston	3.4
25	Nashville	3.3
26	Tampa	3.3
27	Miami	3.2
28	Minneapolis	3.1
29	Columbus	3.1
30	Riverside	3.0
31	Los Angeles	3.0
32	Houston	3.0
33	San Antonio	2.9
34	Sacramento	2.9
35	Phoenix	2.9
36	Portland	2.7
37	Las Vegas	2.6
38	Jacksonville	2.5
39	Dallas	2.4
40	Atlanta	2.4
41	Denver	2.4
42	San Francisco	2.3
43	San Diego	2.2
44	Washington, D.C.	2.2
45	Orlando	2.2
46	Raleigh	2.2
47	Seattle	2.1
48	Austin	1.8
49	Salt Lake City	1.8
50	San Jose	1.8

Households with No Internet
Percent of all households, 2022
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B28002)
1	New Orleans	8.7
2	Pittsburgh	8.2
3	Memphis	8.0
4	Birmingham	7.3
5	Providence	7.1
6	Buffalo	6.8
7	Miami	6.7
8	Louisville	6.7
9	Cleveland	6.5
United States		6.4
10	Richmond	6.4
11	Cincinnati	6.2
12	New York	6.2
13	Detroit	6.1
14	Milwaukee	6.0
15	Nashville	5.9
16	Virginia Beach	5.9
17	Oklahoma City	5.8
18	Chicago	5.6
19	San Antonio	5.5
20	Hartford	5.5
21	Baltimore	5.4
22	St. Louis	5.4
23	Philadelphia	5.2
24	Indianapolis	5.1
25	Charlotte	5.1
26	Kansas City	5.0
27	Tampa	5.0
28	Phoenix	4.9
29	Los Angeles	4.8
30	Las Vegas	4.8
31	Houston	4.7
32	Riverside	4.7
33	Orlando	4.6
34	Dallas	4.4
35	Boston	4.3
36	Columbus	4.3
37	Atlanta	4.3
38	Raleigh	4.2
39	Minneapolis	4.0
40	Sacramento	3.9
41	Jacksonville	3.8
42	Portland	3.7
43	San Diego	3.6
44	Denver	3.5
45	San Francisco	3.4
46	Seattle	3.4
47	Washington, D.C.	3.3
48	Austin	3.0
49	San Jose	2.7
50	Salt Lake City	2.6

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